China's higher education is divided into three academic levels: junior college, undergraduate and postgraduate. Postgraduate is the highest academic level, but postgraduate can be divided into postgraduate and doctoral students according to academic qualifications, and doctoral students are the highest academic level of higher education.

When a doctoral student graduates, he can obtain a full-time doctoral diploma and the corresponding doctoral degree certificate. Those who study for a doctoral degree on the job with the same academic qualifications can only obtain a degree certificate, and their academic qualifications are still the same, such as undergraduate or master's degree.

The quality of doctors has declined:

As the "spire" level of academic education, the level of doctoral education not only reflects the highest education level and scientific research level of a country, but also affects the knowledge innovation ability and academic level of a country. The postgraduate education in China has covered the United States 100 for more than 20 years, and achieved the goal of "surpassing the United States and Britain".

In this regard, some scholars use "Great Leap Forward" and "bubble" to describe it. In the long run, the quality of doctoral students will be difficult to guarantee. Ding Dong, a famous scholar, hit the nail on the head: "Since the 1990s, the gold content of doctoral students and doctoral students began to decline. At present, the overall academic level of doctoral students in China is not only inferior to that of master students in the early 1980 s, but also higher than that of undergraduates at that time. It's hard to say.

Zhang Baoqing, former vice minister of education, also said: "We don't have many high-level doctoral students now, and the level of tutors is not enough, which is very troublesome." Some tutors don't have scientific research projects. How can they bring doctoral students without projects? Isn't this a blind zone? "

A survey conducted by China Association for Science and Technology in September 2008 further confirmed people's concern about the quality of doctors. According to the survey, 39% of doctors and 23% of doctors think that the "academic misconduct" behavior that has always made the society despise and even angry is "worthy of sympathy" and "excusable" respectively. This kind of "tolerance" is really difficult for ordinary people to understand.

At present, the management of doctoral students in China adopts a loose management model of tutor leading students. Basically, students attend classes for one year and do papers with their tutors for two years. Because there are not many projects, most doctoral students devote themselves to job hunting after one year of class, and practice in various companies to prepare for future work.

What's more, I've already worked in an outside company as soon as I'm admitted to the doctor's degree, and everything will be fine as long as I take the final exam. This kind of management directly leads to the lack of guidance for doctoral students by tutors.

According to the survey, the number of doctoral tutors in China is far from meeting the requirements of the growing number of doctoral students, which makes each doctoral tutor in China take an average of 5.77 doctoral students, which is higher than the ratio of 2 to 3 abroad.

The nature of social science determines that students studying social science don't have to spend all day doing experiments in the laboratory like science and engineering subjects. Their work is entirely determined by their own willpower. What time to get up in the morning, how long to study for a few hours, how long to rest during the study period, and so on. Completely controlled and grasped by oneself, which produces randomness.

If your work is in line with your major, you can also take your work as a supplement to your studies. Most doctoral students just work to support themselves and earn a little money. This will not only waste valuable reading time, but also change the reading mentality of doctoral students.

Some people will break away from theoretical research and turn to areas where the comparative advantages of doctoral students cannot be fully exerted. This not only limits personal development with time, but also wastes valuable educational resources of the country.

At present, the funds for doctoral education in China mainly include living allowance, research funds, scholarships, training funds, research funds, overseas visits, education funds, etc., but the number is seriously insufficient.

Refer to the above? Baidu encyclopedia-postgraduate