Liaozhong Zhuo Zhi education

————————— Explore the secret of cosmic wisdom.

Life is like a dream. Facing the confusion of the future of life, the pain of parting and the loss of dreams, the ancients advised us to learn to let go. How easy is it to let go? Rolling in the super-complex system of "life", how should we seek survival wisdom and finally become a more intelligent and elegant person in the tempering of the world?

The world is worth it. Exploring the wealth and knowledge of the sages who stood at the source of time, the answer has suddenly appeared. Discover knowledge and build a road map for your life capital, and stick to practice day after day. Time will reward your enthusiasm, awe and ambition.

The test standard of master March's wisdom: effective adaptation to the environment (what kind of world are we in? The cost of trust is high, the information is greater than the material demand, and the information entropy is infinitely increasing), and the experience is interpreted gracefully (wisdom is an important meme of human evolution, how to interpret your own experience of exploring wisdom? ), today our left hand is [common sense] and our right hand is [wise man], hoping to uncover the secret that cosmic wisdom can be acquired the day after tomorrow.

Hao, a science fiction writer, once told a group of scientists that learning is just like writing a story. It is about finding different ways to solve problems, just like finding the right key to unlock a lock. Scholars hold a handful of keys, but the public often ignores where to unlock them, and communication often ends in failure, which reminds us that information presentation should be based on readers' understanding. Understanding comes from curiosity, and readers are curious about locks, so they will ask a locksmith like Daniel to demonstrate.

Is general education a humanistic topic? Yes, but we want to try more common sense, interest and academic temperament. I hope you can understand from this report that general education is general, but it is also very specific. Simon uses it to study and solve human decision-making problems, and Munger uses it for lifelong learning and investment.

Everything is useful, but people are the yardstick to measure everything. Should we pursue something with a value limit of three years, five years and ten years, or should we pursue an instant harvest? In today's more uncertain world, it is wiser to pursue a flexible combination of [long-term persistence in venture capital, short-term small-step running, eating, drinking and having fun]. We hope you believe that the wisdom of the universe will never change, but with several high-order models, you can stand in the upstream of your peers for a long time. We hope you can see the world you live in clearly. Classical education and future education are being combined, and virtue and wisdom can be born together.

Only by believing in the power of faith can we truly realize and make action changes. General education is a shortcut for adults to become better themselves. I want to use March's poetic language to stimulate your interest in self-general education:

Want to be what kind of person

What kind of life do you want?

The Relationship between Cognitive Ability and Action Result

The ultimate meaning of education.

General education originated from Aristotle in the west, also known as free education and general education. After the War of Independence, Yale University kicked off the modern general education, emphasizing the cultivation of generalists.

Newman, an Englishman, believes that general education is rational education, gentleman education and aristocratic education. In the 20th century, the University of Chicago launched the first general education campaign to promote general education to the general public. After World War II, Harvard University took over the banner of general education in Europe and America, and discussed how to cultivate responsible citizens with general education in a free society.

There are many definitions in the current version. What is the definition of general education?

General education: the definition of dilemma and hope;

There are many standards, and every reform in the United States will set its own standards. Hongkong and Taiwan Province Province also have their own standards. A healthy person is for a better life, which is generally considered as a responsibility for the all-round development of his personality and society.

The following is the answer of positive psychology, plus the ability and technical classification of onet model:

Give several aspects that educators are most concerned about:

More related definitions and capability technologies of onet model.

2. Education with general education as the content (here refers to the educational methods, courses and extracurricular activities in colleges and universities. ) General education courses in the United States, China, Hongkong and Taiwan Province.

The main contents include: Chinese, mathematics, computer science, literature and art, history and culture, social analysis, moral thinking, science and technology, sports design principles (basic, comprehensive and pluralistic) and three theories (essence theory, balance theory and evolution theory-Huang Junjie's "The Idea and Practice of General Education Curriculum in Universities");

Specifically including:

2- 1. Language: Language is the first requirement for undergraduate study, and proficiency in written and spoken language is the basis of learning. Their lack of skills will be limited in education, social interaction and career choice. It is important because clear words and expressions are closely related to clear thinking ability, and language expression ability actually reflects a person's thinking ability. General education is not only a process of language learning, but also a process of understanding a national culture.

2-2. Mathematics: Mathematics is the best example of human reasoning process. Mathematics can not only train people's rigorous and clear thinking ability, but also be a basic tool for people to learn other knowledge in modern society.

2-3. Computer technology: The general trend has become an indispensable tool in our life, work and study.

2-4. Culture and art: It has been listed as the first category in Harvard's core curriculum plan. Art profoundly reveals people's spiritual significance, life realm and soul charm in a certain form, and plays an irreplaceable role in cultivating people's sentiments and enriching people's spiritual life. Besides cultivating aesthetic quality, cultivating sentiment and perfecting personality, culture and art are also important carriers for people to understand human culture. The unique way of death in artistic creation is also very beneficial to inspire college students' creative thinking.

2-5. History and culture: On the one hand, it can enable us to acquire the knowledge of the development process of human civilization and correctly understand the universe, society and ourselves; On the other hand, we should learn to treat and deal with various problems in real life with historical analysis.

2-6. Social analysis (social science): It can help us understand the society we live in, grasp the mechanism and laws of social operation, and correctly understand and deal with various complex social problems. At the same time, it is also beneficial for us to master the research methods of different disciplines and broaden our horizons.

2-7. Moral thinking: The purpose is to help people understand their own existence and explore the meaning of future life. Thinking about these problems is conducive to people becoming responsible people.

2-8. Technology: Nowadays, technology plays a vital role in people's lives. Understanding science and technology helps us to understand the changes in life.

2-9. Exercise

3. General education as a talent training mode

(# to be continuously improved)

We already know the lives of three Daniel, from whom we can easily see the power of interdisciplinary wisdom. With the help of acquired research and acquired thinking mode, living habits and action patterns have become complete people with equal emphasis on virtue and knowledge, which embodies that "a gentleman is good at faking things." In addition to the utilitarian perspective of solving problems, we also need anti-utilitarian "feelings" and "vision" to make people become people. March's research has brought us a vivid perspective of how people become gentlemen.

In 2003, two management scholars, Lawrence Psyche and Thomas Davenport, made a list of 200 masters of management in Harvard Business Review, and then they asked the masters on the list a question: Who is your master? Drucker, the greatest management thinker in the 20th century, ranked first, and herbert simon, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, ranked third. After Drucker and before Simon, james march was almost unknown to the public. March is a professor of management, politics, sociology and education at Stanford University, and is known as the "professor of everything". March is recognized as one of the most contributing scholars in the field of organizational decision-making in the past 50 years. He has made great achievements in the fields of organization, decision-making and leadership.

At the retirement dinner of Stanford University, March once said: "Higher education is far-sighted, not cautious; It is a promise, not a choice; Students are not customers, but assistant monks; Teaching is not a job, but a sacred thing; Research is not an investment, but a witness. " His sword refers to the utilitarian philosophy of British philosopher Bentham and Adam Smith's hypothesis of pure rational man. In his book "Leadership" in his later years, March deeply criticized the pure rational choice mode, and it is difficult to describe the current situation of leaders in life truthfully.

General education is a major feature of American education, but its ideological source can be traced back to the liberal education in ancient Greece.

The liberal education of western classical education originated from the "education of free people" in ancient Greece. Freedom is about economic status. Liberal education refers to the education of "free people", as opposed to slaves and craftsmen. Aristotle, its representative, believes that education is not for other purposes, but only for knowledge itself. Exploring this pure theoretical and noblest knowledge is conducive to intellectual development and can make people become free people.

This is a declaration to defend classical humanistic education. The background is that after the war of independence, the demand for development is soaring, and more and more attention is paid to practical disciplines such as natural science and technology.

According to the report, the purpose of university education is to train students' minds and develop their potential. It does not teach a single skill, but provides a broad general knowledge base; Not an expert in a certain industry, but a generalist who leads the masses; It is not the supply of fragmentary knowledge, nor the sale of professional skills, but the stimulation and expansion of the mind, the breadth and insight of knowledge.

Aiming at the query of utilitarianism and scientism to classical humanism, this paper expounds the university ideal. It believes that:

University education is to cultivate good social citizens through general education;

Means: free education-that is, rational training, jelly operation of mind, rationality and reflection, training the ability to grasp the essence of things, distinguish right from wrong and construct concepts, and the period is suitable for understanding and thinking about truth.

Objective: To cultivate good social citizens, be able to think and judge independently, be competent for any position, master any subject, live in harmony with others, and become a gentleman (with cultivated intelligence, sensitive taste, frank, fair and calm mind, noble and humble attitude in dealing with people).

After entering the19th century, the United States began to change from the British theological university model to the German university atmosphere with free research and academic. The landmark event is the establishment of the University of Chicago and Johns Hopkins University, which attach importance to the education of natural science and technical science.

On the other hand, the trend of free elective courses is prevalent in American universities. The representative event is that Harvard University implemented 1872- 1884 free course selection system. Free elective courses bring disorder of students' knowledge, and it is difficult to form a common culture.

1829 professor packard introduced the concept of "general education" to university education for the first time. The definition of beginning is: a classical, literary, scientific and comprehensive education as far as possible, which is the preparation for students to learn any major and provides students with teaching in all branches of knowledge. Attach importance to the comprehensive understanding of the whole knowledge.

The first general education began with Contemporary Civilization, a compulsory course for freshmen offered by Columbia University 19 17, which is an introductory course of western civilization.

Hutchins is the president of the University of Chicago. Vigorously promote general education after taking office. 1935 published the famous American Higher Education, and expounded the viewpoint of general education.

People think that education has two dilemmas: pursuing pure truth and preparing for people's lifelong career. At that time, the latter purpose dominated, vocational education and professional education.

In order to solve this dilemma, he advocated general education. Thinking:

With the high differentiation of modern society, the student groups are growing and diversified. The purpose of general education is to lay a general cultural foundation of a university, a social general cultural foundation and a cultural melting pot with "general education".

The goal of general education is to cultivate people with social responsibility and qualified citizens.

Citizens with a sense of social responsibility should have: the ability to think effectively (including logical reasoning, relationship understanding and imagination), the ability to communicate clearly, the ability to make appropriate judgments, and the ability to identify and choose a variety of values. Provide rich preparation for the choice and study of professional education.

Methods: Through the comprehensive research of humanities, society and natural sciences.

After 1970, Harvard began the reform of general education. Due to the Soviet satellite launch, college students' request to participate in school administration, the quality decline caused by enrollment expansion, employment difficulties and other factors, general education has been greatly damaged. Harvard has carried out a new generation of educational reform (note: the zero plan began at 1967).

Most people can enter the general education class through the education system, but more adults who leave the campus should complete the compulsory courses of general education through self-education like Munger.

Grasp the core variables of general education, supplemented by appropriate space, and prepare for lifelong learning and deliberate practice over time.

Understanding the core variables that affect the effectiveness of self-general education and taking the principle that habit is greater than action is the best strategy for adult Xiaobai to quickly start general education.

Looking back on the general education in ancient and modern times, we can't help thinking, what are the main variables that distinguish general education from other educational models? How do we identify and define general education?

In his book The Boundaries of Experience, March pointed out that learning is beyond imagination, and it will happen at three levels at the same time-learning how to set goals, learning what kind of abilities are needed, and learning how to give feedback.

Based on this model, combined with the characteristics of general education, we think that the core variable of general education is the learning values of general education, and understanding the learning values of general education and determining reasonable acquisition performance are the cognitive keys to enter general education.

General global cognition

1. Definition of localization of general education

2. The common meme that ordinary people should master & thinking tools.

Tool thinking

Global cognitive thinking

The thought of unity of knowledge and action

Embodied cognitive thinking

3. Since 2000, the social recognition of general education has surged (# to be improved).

Acquired enlightenment

1. Habit is greater than action.

2. The lowest common action list

3. General practical strategies