The fact that modern civilization dominates the world determines that it is an inevitable trend for a country to move towards modernization no matter what state it is in now. In the process of modernization, due to different national conditions, countries encounter different problems and obstacles on the road to modernization. China is an ancient civilization with 5,000 years of traditional culture.
In the process of China's modernization, there is a constant debate about whether China's traditional culture can be modernized. This historical phenomenon clearly enlightens us: Can China's traditional culture be modernized? How to modernize? This is a problem of great practical significance and must be understood.
First, denying traditional culture is also denying historical culture. Broadly speaking, it refers to the sum of material and spiritual production capacity and wealth created by human beings in the social practice of transforming the world, including material civilization, spiritual civilization and institutional civilization. Culture in a narrow sense mainly refers to spiritual production capacity and spiritual products.
Traditional culture is the cultural heritage of material civilization and spiritual civilization accumulated by a nation in long-term social practice, and it is also the spiritual embodiment of a nation's unique way of thinking. Traditional culture has both essence and dross. Therefore, traditional culture can neither be completely denied nor absorbed. Only by standing at the height of the times and passing the test of practice.
Only by taking its essence and discarding its dross can it play a correct role. When a country moves towards modernization, it must always have a culture based on a certain economic and political foundation. To deny traditional culture is also to deny history and national spirit.
Cut off one's "roots" artificially. White, an American cultural philosopher, said: "Culture is a continuous unity, and every stage of cultural development comes from an earlier cultural environment." "The present culture depends on the past culture, and the future culture is only the current cultural trend."
It can be said that the development history of a nation is also the history of developing and enriching traditions. Similarly, national spirit, as an important force to unite and inspire people, is also the result of long-term edification and cultivation of traditional culture and the crystallization of traditional culture.
It is not terrible for a nation to get into any trouble. What is terrible is that it has lost its national spiritual pillar and spiritual support. Therefore, how to treat traditional culture is not a simple cultural problem, but a problem related to the development of national destiny.
Many historical facts have proved that a country embarks on the road of national rejuvenation and modernization, starting with carrying forward the national spirit. National spirit is the soul of a nation.
Denying traditional culture will inevitably obliterate the national spirit. It is wrong to think that China's modernization can only draw strength from foreign culture and try to replace China's traditional cultural model with western cultural model.
From the epistemological point of view, it is mainly caused by the following three reasons: First, there is a lack of profound understanding and knowledge of the rich connotation of China's traditional culture. China's traditional culture is not a pile of worthless rubbish as some people say, but has rich connotations in many aspects. Its outstanding part is the precious spiritual wealth of mankind and one of the renewable resources of all new and higher civilizations.
The rich connotation of China traditional culture is mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1. Self-improvement spirit. China culture has always been concerned about real life. Confucius said that "I don't know life, I don't know death", and that "a gentleman strives for self-improvement".
It is this philosophy of life after China's entry into WTO that has cultivated the Chinese nation to dare to fight tenaciously against all the harm and injustice of nature and society. China people have the spirit of not believing in evil and not afraid of ghosts since ancient times, emphasizing that happiness in life is created by themselves.
To realize modernization, this spirit of self-confidence and self-esteem is absolutely indispensable. Second, the concept of unity of knowledge and action.
China's Confucian culture says that "doing is close to benevolence", which, to some extent, embodies the epistemological thought of "paying more attention to doing than knowing", which is consistent with the practical character. Practice is the source of knowledge.
To realize modernization, of course, we must study foreign advanced things hard, but what is more important is our own socialist practice. Third, pay attention to people's spiritual life.
China traditional culture attaches great importance to people's inner cultivation and spiritual world, and despises greedy and vulgar material desires. Mencius put forward that "wealth is beauty", "you can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be compromised", which is the fundamental requirement for personality. This traditional virtue is also very valuable for shaping modern personality.
Fourth, there is patriotism. Patriotism is one of the deepest feelings we have consolidated for our motherland for thousands of years. Patriotism is a fine tradition of our Chinese nation.
The ancients said that every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world. Today, only when a country embarks on the road of modernization can it be prosperous and strong.
The realization of modernization depends entirely on the unity and common struggle of the people of the whole country. Five, the pursuit of truth, dedication.
China's traditional culture despises those villains who are afraid of death, ungrateful and pursue fame and fortune. When it comes to the pursuit of truth, the ancients thought that "I heard the Tao and died in the evening."
Promote the spirit of "the road is long, I will go up and down". This persistence and persistence in truth is a powerful driving force for modernization.
Sixth, the ethical norms of unity and mutual assistance, respect for the elderly and love for the young. The ancients said, "Old people are old, young people are young, and young people are young."
Only when a society is strict with self-discipline, tolerant to others and forms a social atmosphere of unity and mutual assistance, respecting the elderly and loving the young, can a society be full of warmth and harmony and bring hope and strength to people. The above is only a part of the essence of China traditional culture, which is enough to reflect the profoundness of China traditional culture.
Russell once said: "The strength of China culture lies in a reasonable outlook on life", which is a profound understanding and generalization of China culture. Secondly, it is against traditional culture and modernization. Traditional culture is not a stagnant pool, but a dynamic system.
Human beings create traditional culture in their own social practice and innovate and enrich traditions in practice. Otherwise, it will not become a realistic cultural tradition.
Therefore, traditional culture can not be simply attributed to "past history", but should be recognized that it is related to the present and the future at the same time. Considering development as "anti-tradition", its way of thinking is to oppose traditional culture and modern culture.
It's.
On the Importance of China's Traditional Culture China's traditional culture is the product of the history of China's civilization, which lasted for 5,000 years. It has never been interrupted and is unique in the world.
Strengthening the study of traditional culture is of great practical significance to improve the cultural literacy of college students. Mr. Ren, a contemporary thinker, believes that the history and culture of a nation is "the study of the rise and fall of a country and the study of the rise and fall of a nation", so we must attach importance to the popularization and education of traditional culture and historical knowledge and play its positive role in the construction of political civilization and spiritual civilization.
We believe that strengthening the popularization of traditional culture and historical knowledge is an important measure to improve the historical consciousness of the whole people and carry forward the essence of traditional culture, and it is also the unshirkable responsibility of modern education. In the long-term historical development, the Chinese nation is famous among the nations in the world for its "Suntech" and "State of Rites and Righteousness".
After thousands of years of continuous cultivation, practice and development, the moral requirements such as patriotism, honesty, kindness, loyalty, respect for relatives, harmony without difference, innovation, diligence and professionalism have been integrated into the blood of the Chinese nation and become an inseparable part of the Chinese national spirit. An important feature of the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation is that it attaches great importance to the guiding role of "spiritual life", "moral personality", "lofty realm", "ideals and beliefs" and "honesty and trustworthiness" in people's lives, which is highly targeted for overcoming some decadent ideas such as short-sightedness, vulgarity, selfishness and mercenary under the conditions of market economy.
As long as we can use the attitude of Marxist historical materialism, absorb its essence, criticize its dross, inherit its advantages, abandon its limitations, and strive to give it a new spirit of the socialist era under the new market economy conditions, it will certainly become an important part of advanced cultural construction, further improve the ideological and moral level of the broad masses of the people, be conducive to the development of civic moral construction, and make contributions to the implementation of "ruling the country by virtue."
Historical and cultural significance Cultural heritage refers to buildings, sculptures, paintings, relics, inscriptions and other cultural relics with universal value from the perspective of history, art or science; Buildings or architectural groups with outstanding value in the combination of landscape and architectural style; From the perspective of history, aesthetics and race, objects with outstanding universal value or objects and projects jointly created by man and nature, such as the Forbidden City and Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang, etc.
Historical and cultural heritage refers to cultural relics with certain historical significance, close relationship with human life and historical value, mainly including material and intangible cultural heritage. Cultural relics are the remains and relics left by human beings in the process of historical development.
All kinds of cultural relics reflect social activities, social relations, ideology, utilization and transformation of nature and ecological environment in different historical periods, and are valuable historical and cultural heritage of mankind. The protection, management and scientific research of cultural relics are of great significance to people's understanding of their own history and creativity, revealing the objective laws of human social development, and understanding and promoting the development of contemporary and future society.
Extended data:
How to protect China's excellent traditional history and culture (1) and strengthen theoretical research and necessary material and technical support for China's traditional culture. A nation or a country, whether responsible for history or the future, should maintain its own cultural characteristics and protect its cultural heritage.
Strengthen the research and arrangement of China traditional culture, absorb the essence from it and carry it forward; Discard dross and learn from history. For some precious traditional cultural materials, the state and relevant departments should give necessary material and technical support to enable researchers to continue their research.
(B) the material carrier to protect China's traditional culture. For some cultural carriers with traditional cultural significance, such as villages, temples, streets, inscriptions, ancient cities and other buildings, as well as some tangible material carriers of minority culture, such as costumes, utensils, farm tools, landscaping, sculptures and other works of art, all levels of * * * and relevant departments have strengthened protection.
(3) Reconstruct the value system of China traditional culture. Many decadent and backward elements in China's traditional culture have been difficult to meet the needs of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's modernization practice, and will inevitably be abandoned by the culture's own metabolism.
The inheritance and transformation of China's traditional culture should have a sense of the times facing modernization, the world and the future, and adhere to the principle of taking its essence and discarding its dross, making the past serve the present and making the west serve China. The universal cultural elements in China's traditional culture, such as benevolence, courtesy, wisdom, faithfulness, harmony is precious, universal love, Shang Xian and self-improvement, should be bravely carried forward, and efforts should be made to explore the concept of cultural re-innovation to adapt to modern development.
However, we should not blindly learn, absorb and digest the scientific spirit, democratic ideas, legal concepts and other civilized achievements contained in western culture, so as to make them China, become a natural part of China culture, and make the value system of China traditional culture more complete. (4) Broaden the communication channels of China traditional culture.
The ultimate goal of protecting China's traditional culture and reconstructing China's traditional culture is to make China's traditional culture deeply rooted in people's hearts, go abroad, become a part of China's advanced culture and an important part of world culture. References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Historical and Cultural Heritage Baidu Encyclopedia-Cultural Relics.
Significance (influence) of carrying forward traditional culture: 1. Excellent national culture is not only the spiritual motive force of national rejuvenation, but also an important foundation for building advanced culture.
Under the background of economic globalization and the development of socialist market economy, our ancestors created splendid and colorful traditional culture in the process of China's 5,000-year history of civilization by promoting excellent national culture and combining the characteristics of the times. 2. The national spirit and many moral concepts still have strong vitality and are important ideological nutrients for our ideological and moral construction in the new period.
It is of great significance to excavate and utilize the moral essence in traditional culture, carry forward the excellent traditional virtues of the Chinese nation and strengthen ideological and moral construction for rallying the strength of the whole society and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Target: 1. In the process of unprecedented conflict and integration of civilizations with different qualities, only national culture is a culture with vitality and individuality, and it is also a world culture.
No matter which dynasty, the traditional virtues of our country were emphasized by the ruling class and recognized by the broad masses of people. Therefore, I think it is advantageous for us to cultivate and carry forward the national spirit in universities. Now, the first thing is to "lay a solid foundation", that is, to promote the education of traditional culture and virtue. 2. To cultivate the national spirit, we should not only carry forward the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, but also distinguish it from the characteristics of other nationalities and find the correct standards.
In addition, in the face of today's complex society, various ideological trends are constantly emerging. Although the reform and opening up has brought a lot of advanced science and technology, ideology and culture, it has also given opportunities to forces at home and abroad who are trying to undermine the development process of China. Teenagers who are in the process of forming their world outlook are good at accepting new cultures, but at the same time they are easily infringed by bad cultures and form wrong world outlook and methodology. 3. Emphasize the traditional culture and virtues of the nation in education, so that students can enrich their inner world first, have national confidence and cultural background, and face the infiltration of various cultures, so as not to lose their way and lose the true colors of China people.
Extended data:
There are two necessities. First, to cultivate national spirit, we must first understand our own nation, our own history and our own spiritual heritage for thousands of years. Second, although China's traditional culture itself can't directly become a new culture, its inherent basic cultural spirit can be criticized, reformed, inherited and carried forward, and become the growing point of new national spirit again.
The reason why a nation enjoys a high reputation in thousands of years of world civilization lies in its unique and charming culture. Looking at the rivers and mountains, the Yellow Crane Tower still stands, and the Forbidden City is still towering; The Yangtze River water still flows to the sea, and Wuchang fish is still a famous dish in China; With more care and exploration, we can gradually restore the pace of history in dribs and drabs. In Teng's explanation, there is a vigorous momentum of "autumn waters grow together and the sky is the same color", while the murals of Mogao Grottoes not only engrave the perfect imagination of one period of history, but also write down the backwardness and ignorance of another period of history.
The protection measures of China's traditional culture mainly include: (1) distinguishing the advantages and disadvantages of China's traditional culture, which is conducive to the pace of social progress. (2) Look at the problem with the eyes of the times and comparative viewpoints and methods.
(3) Inheritance, reference and innovation, and active integration into the world culture are the only way for China's future cultural development. References:
Baidu encyclopedia-traditional culture.
What's the point of studying history? First of all, we must understand the purpose of historical research: "What is a historian? Describing the continuous activities of human society, checking its total achievements and finding its causal relationship are also a reference for the activities of modern ordinary people. "
In other words, the purpose of studying history is to understand the past, guide the present human activities and make it more rational. Therefore, history is a basic social science discipline that studies the evolution of human society and understands the causal relationship between change and evolution.
No matter what happens, there is a "causal relationship". Knowing his "cause", we can predict his result and find ways to "improve" and "remedy".
This is the purpose of history. History not only has the significance of guiding human activities, but also plays a great role in inheriting world culture and educating people around the world.
Because we want to understand the causal relationship of things, we must "experience". A person's experience is limited. If you want to rely on other times, places and others, you must have a "auspicious record" (the auspicious record here involves the scope of historical research, so I won't repeat it here).
Jizai is "history". So history is very important knowledge, and everyone should have historical knowledge. There is no difference in history. Everything can be history.
However, since the development of human society, there are countless histories, countless historical books and countless historical sites, which determines that ordinary people can't have time and energy to study it, so there are special people who use special methods to sort out and study history. This is a scientific activity, so it is called historiography. The purpose of historical research is to seek the truth of history and explore the causal relationship behind historical phenomena in order to better serve the purpose of history.
Therefore, discussing the authenticity of history is not a dead end, but a positive learning attitude. However, when discussing the truth of history in academic circles, there will be a certain degree, which is irrelevant and has no value for historical purposes (such as the emperor's harem life, the extramarital affairs of historical figures, Shunzhi's becoming a monk, sourdrang dowager's marriage, Yang Guifei's height and weight and even the sexual intercourse of the ancients, etc.). ), too complicated, unnecessary. History is rich and realistic, and all parts of history have an impact on human life. Under the guidance of historical purposes, valuable research that does not cater to low-level tastes is understandable and acceptable.
The significance of culture Excellent national culture is not only the spiritual motive force of national rejuvenation, but also an important foundation for building advanced culture.
Under the background of economic globalization and the development of socialist market economy, our ancestors created splendid and colorful traditional culture in the process of China's 5,000-year history of civilization by promoting excellent national culture and combining the characteristics of the times.
The national spirit and many moral ideas contained in it still have strong vitality and are important ideological nutrients for our ideological and moral construction in the new period. It is of great significance to excavate and utilize the moral essence in traditional culture, carry forward the excellent traditional virtues of the Chinese nation and strengthen ideological and moral construction for rallying the strength of the whole society and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Extended data:
The power of culture
As a spiritual force, culture can be transformed into material force in the process of people's understanding and transformation of the world, which has a far-reaching impact on social development.
This influence is not only manifested in the process of personal growth, but also in the history of nations and countries. The history of the development of human society proves that a nation will neither be materially poor nor spiritually poor. Only when we are materially and spiritually rich can we stand proudly, confidently and self-reliant among the nations of the world.
The difference between culture and civilization
① From the content, culture is the sum of human activities, processes and achievements in conquering nature, society and human beings themselves, while civilization mainly refers to the essence of cultural achievements.
② From the time point of view, culture exists in the whole life of human beings, and human beings have produced primitive culture before civilized society, and civilization is a certain stage of human cultural development.
From the form of expression, culture is a dynamic, gradual and uninterrupted development process, while civilization is a relatively stable and static leap-forward development process.
④ Culture is a neutral concept, and civilization is a commendatory concept. Materializing human activities, processes and results in the process of human conquest of nature and society is an objective existence, which has both excellent achievements and dross, both favorable and unfavorable factors for human beings. It's all culture.
Civilization is related to certain values, which refers to the positive achievements and progress of culture. As a value judgment, it is a concept of praise.
Baidu encyclopedia-culture
The significance of culture Excellent national culture is not only the spiritual motive force of national rejuvenation, but also an important foundation for building advanced culture.
Under the background of economic globalization and the development of socialist market economy, our ancestors created splendid and colorful traditional culture in the process of China's 5,000-year history of civilization by promoting excellent national culture and combining the characteristics of the times. The national spirit and many moral ideas contained in it still have strong vitality and are important ideological nutrients for our ideological and moral construction in the new period.
It is of great significance to excavate and utilize the moral essence in traditional culture, carry forward the excellent traditional virtues of the Chinese nation and strengthen ideological and moral construction for rallying the strength of the whole society and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Extended data:
As a spiritual force, the power of culture can be transformed into material power in the process of people's understanding and transformation of the world, which has a far-reaching impact on social development.
This influence is not only manifested in the process of personal growth, but also in the history of nations and countries. The history of the development of human society proves that a nation will neither be materially poor nor spiritually poor. Only when we are materially and spiritually rich can we stand proudly, confidently and self-reliant among the nations of the world.
The difference between culture and civilization ① From the content point of view, culture is the sum of human activities, processes and achievements in conquering nature, society and human beings themselves, while civilization mainly refers to the essence of cultural achievements. ② From the time point of view, culture exists in the whole life of human beings, and human beings have produced primitive culture before civilized society, and civilization is a certain stage of human cultural development.
From the form of expression, culture is a dynamic, gradual and uninterrupted development process, while civilization is a relatively stable and static leap-forward development process. ④ Culture is a neutral concept, and civilization is a commendatory concept.
Materializing human activities, processes and results in the process of human conquest of nature and society is an objective existence, which has both excellent achievements and dross, both favorable and unfavorable factors for human beings. It's all culture. Civilization is related to certain values, which refers to the positive achievements and progress of culture. As a value judgment, it is a concept of praise.
Baidu encyclopedia-culture.
What is the significance of history? Take history as a mirror and cherish today!
History is an objective fact and there is only one truth. However, the knowledge of recording and studying history often changes, develops and perfects with people's subjective consciousness, and even distorts and fabricates it.
There are many different interpretations of the meaning and essence of history, some of which are listed below.
Croce said: "All history is contemporary history."
Collingwood said, "All history is the history of ideas."
Liang Qichao: "Who is a historian? Describing the continuous activities of human society, checking its total achievements and finding its causal relationship are also a reference for the activities of modern ordinary people. "
Encyclopedia Britannica (version 1880): "The word history has two completely different meanings in use: one refers to the events and actions that constitute the human past; The second refers to the description of this past and its research model. The former is what actually happened, and the latter is the study and description of what happened. "
Encyclopedia of the Soviet Union: "1, the development process of any event in nature and society. The history of the universe, the history of the earth, the history of various disciplines-the history of physics, the history of mathematics, the history of law and so on. Can be included in this meaning. 2. A discipline that studies the concrete and diverse past of human society, with the purpose of explaining the concrete present and future prospects of human society. "
History does not belong to humanities or social sciences, but builds a bridge between them and combines the research methods of the two fields. Generally speaking, historians try to answer questions related to history by studying various languages, but they are not limited to this. The original materials of historical knowledge can be divided into three types: written records, oral records and preserved historical sites. Usually, historians will make a comprehensive study of them, and written records are often emphasized because they generally record the time of development. This emphasis has led to a new field, prehistory, also known as prehistory, which studies the period without written records. Because people appear at different times around the world, the main difference between prehistory and history is determined according to specific topics. In order to facilitate research, scholars divide human beings into different stages according to their past scope. There are many ways to divide the past, including by age, by cultural customs and by different themes. These three categories often overlap, such as "The Evolution of Labor Movement in Argentina, 1930- 1945".
Although historical research tends to focus on some special places, times and themes, historians also care about other ordinary contents. For others, history has become a very common word, that is, the study of everything in the past, and even the so-called generalized history has appeared now. In the past, learning history was all about application or theory, but now there is another one: curiosity about human past.
What is the significance of studying history? Studying history can enlighten intelligence.
For example, history is a grindstone, and its greatest function is to sharpen the knife called wisdom in our minds. A grindstone can't help us cut thorns, only a knife can.
It is useless to remember history, but it is useful to learn wisdom from it. Studying history can evaluate the situation.
This world needs all kinds of talents. And history is to cultivate talents whose vision is not limited to the present, but can penetrate the context and cause and effect of things, which is why the ancients regarded history as a necessary education for leaders.
Studying history will touch people's hearts. History is the pursuit of truth. Only starting from the truth can we extract the truth, and only "truth" can touch people's hearts and truly change the world.
Another example is: understanding the past of one's country and nation and all kinds of things that have happened; It is very useful to enrich one's knowledge system, whether in study or in later conversation. Even if you disagree with the above statement, history is a must. This importance and necessity is enough. You must study hard.
Learning comprehensive literature such as 1 and history requires reading, understanding, memorizing and mastering more knowledge, so we must improve the learning efficiency. To find the best way to learn: you may be more likely to master organized and clear content, and the messy knowledge points are chaotic, so you need to learn to sort out the knowledge points you have learned; You may be very good at listening to the teacher's lectures, but reading by yourself is inefficient, so you must seize the limited time in class and master it efficiently; You may need to sketch while listening, write while listening, pure listening and pure watching will not make you concentrate, and so on. , find some characteristics of their own learning, so as to solve them effectively and pertinently.
2. Learn to master the ability of speed reading and memory, and improve the efficiency of study and review. Fast reading memory is an effective method of learning and reviewing.
For the practice of speed reading and memory, please refer to "Jingying Whole Brain Speed Reading and Memory Training Software". If you practice with software for more than 1 hour every day for one month, your reading speed can be increased by 5 or 6 times, and your memory and comprehension will be improved accordingly, thus improving your learning and review efficiency and achieving good results. If your reading learning efficiency is low, you can practice well.
3. Learn to integrate knowledge points after learning. Classifying the information you need to learn and the knowledge you have mastered into a mind map or knowledge card will make your brain and thinking clear and help you remember, review and master.
At the same time, learn to link new knowledge with what you have learned, and constantly mix and improve your own knowledge system. This can promote understanding and deepen memory.
4, doing exercises is essential, but don't blindly ask about sea tactics and make a mess of yourself. Resolutely complete the problem independently when doing it, and put an end to plagiarism and sea tactics.
The test questions can never be finished, but the types of questions are limited. You should learn to reflect, classify and sort out the corresponding problem-solving ideas. Learn to summarize by stages, understand your recent learning situation, and make adjustments and improvements.