After long-term observation and research by biologists and anthropologists, it is found that humans and apes have extremely similar characteristics in appearance, anatomy, physiology and blood biochemistry. In appearance, the anthropoid ape's body is similar to that of human beings, except that members of the anthropoid family can be more upright, while apes are in a semi-upright state, and their hind legs can be temporarily upright or walk on two legs. The face is hairless or hairless and has no tail; The position and image of the five senses are very similar to those of people; Like humans, apes have 32 teeth, and the structure of teeth is generally similar to that of humans; From the perspective of body structure, ape bones are generally of the same type as humans; Judging from the basic physiological phenomena, apes are similar to humans in many places, especially the early fetus of apes is very similar to humans; From the biochemical point of view of blood, apes and humans also have amazing similarities or similarities, all of which are blood types such as A, B, O and AB. Judging from the chromosomes of apes, it is proved that the chromosome morphology and position of apes are similar to those of humans.
Analyzing their evolution process from the brain capacity: australopithecus africanus's brain capacity was 440 cubic centimeters 3 million years ago; 654.38+0 million years ago, the brain capacity of homo habilis was 600-650 cubic centimeters; About100-10.5 million years ago, the capacity of an upright human brain was 940 cubic centimeters. China's corresponding "Lantian Ape Man" was about 1 10,000 years ago-800,000 years ago, with a brain capacity of 780 cubic centimeters. China Hexian ape-man lived about 240,000 to 280,000 years ago, and his brain capacity was 1.025 cubic centimeter, which was close to Zhoukoudian Peking ape-man.
Of course, there are many essential differences between apes and humans in physiological structure, language and sociality. For example, people can make and use tools, people can better adapt to the environment, people have memory and curiosity, people can reason their behavior rationally and predictably, people can think abstractly, people have self-awareness, imagination and fantasy. In short, they are engaged in social labor, making tools and actively transforming nature. The structure of human brain has higher level and more complex evolutionary characteristics. The essential difference between humans and apes is that humans have language. Another important essential difference between humans and apes lies in human sociality.
The main process of apes' evolution into adults is generally divided into the following two steps: the first step, the transition from apes to humans has gone through two stages: Lamarck and Australopithecus. In the second step, human beings developed to the primitive commune period and became complete human beings, which experienced four stages: early homo erectus, late homo erectus, early homo sapiens and late homo sapiens. It is generally believed that labor plays a decisive role in the process of apes becoming people. There are still many arguments about the origin and evolution of human beings in academic circles.
In addition, there are different opinions on how modern people originated.
The origin of modern people refers to the races living in different parts of the world-yellow, white, black and brown. There are two theories about their origin. One is called "the theory of the origin of a single region", which holds that modern people were formed when early Homo sapiens "invaded" all parts of the world in a certain region, which used to be West Asia, but has been changed to South Africa in recent years. The other is called "multi-regional origin theory", which holds that modern people in Asia, Africa and Europe all evolved from local early homo sapiens and even apes. As far as the origin of China people is concerned, archaeologists believe that China people evolved from the local ancients on their own land.