Han Yu, Zibei, is from Changli (it seems to be Liaoning Province in the northeast). His father's name is Han Zhongqing. Han Yu became an orphan at the age of three ("lonely, without a father." -"Shuowen"), raised by cousins of the same family. Because Han Yu is an orphan, he studied Confucian classics very hard when he was a child. Unlike other children, he didn't need rewards to induce him. The literary atmosphere in Zhenyuan (Tang Daizong 766-779) and Tang Dezong 785-804 (because other years were shorter) was more advocating ancient prose and imitating Yang Xiong and Dong Zhongshu's argumentative essays, while Dugu and Liang Su were called the best imitators and won wide respect from intellectuals. Han Yu associates with their fans, studies hard and imitates them, and intends to become an influential figure at that time. When he was admitted to Jinshi, he handed the article to many important state officials. Former Prime Minister Zheng Yuqing appreciated him and praised him positively, so he quickly became famous and became a scholar. Prime Minister Dongjin went to Daliang on business and asked Han Yu to be his governor. After Dong Jin's staff was removed, Zhang Jianfeng of Xuzhou admired him and asked him to be a subordinate. Han Yu thinks that he has been recognized, and he is becoming more and more outspoken, without deliberately avoiding or avoiding anything. His moral character is single-minded and decent, and he does not engage in some secular human relations. Later, he was transferred to the doctor of four subjects, and later he was promoted to suggestion. In the late years of Dezong, there were several factions in the court, and the prime minister was irresponsible. Palace market (that is, eunuchs openly rob the market, as reflected in Bai Juyi's "Selling Charcoal Weng", which led to a eunuch being killed by an angry farmer, because eunuchs not only robbed things, but also robbed other people's donkeys). The disadvantages are obvious, but the remonstrators made suggestions many times, but the emperor didn't accept them (because all the things they robbed were for their own use, and Dezong was such a short-sighted, self-respecting person who liked to be passive in Nuo Nuo). Han Yu once wrote thousands of words criticizing this matter, but the emperor didn't listen and was very angry. From kyou-kan to Lianzhou (it seems that Liu Yuxi was later demoted to this place, which seemed to belong to Guangdong Province, and was then an underdeveloped area and very remote). Shanyang county was a county magistrate, and later transferred to Jiangling prefecture as a yamen clerk. In the early years of Yuanhe (Tang Xianzong year, 805 years later, the grandson of Tang Dezong, during his reign, took a tough attitude towards disobedient buffer regions and made many achievements, gradually restoring the prestige of the imperial court, which was called Yuanhe Zhongxing in history), called Han Yu as a doctor, and was later appointed as a foreign official (probably equivalent to some alternate members, etc.). In the Song Dynasty, foreign officials simply became synonymous with landlords. Yan Jimei, the secretariat of Huazhou, stopped the work of Huayin County Order and Liu Jian County Order for official business, but was also asked to be a clerk temporarily. After a few months, Yan Jimei stopped working and went to live in an apartment. Liu Jian provoked migrant workers to ask him for the salary of being a soldier the year before last. Later, the secretariat thought that Liu Jian had done something wrong and reported it to the court. The court demoted Liu Jian to Zhou Fang Sima. Han Yu happened to pass by Iowa. After hearing this, he thought that the two secretariat partners bullied people, so he wrote to the court to excuse Liu Jian, and Han Yu's memorial was left in the palace. The emperor ordered Li Moumou, the imperial adviser, to investigate the matter and found Liu Jian guilty, so he added punishment and demoted Liu Jian to a junior officer somewhere. The court thought that Han Yu was talking nonsense without knowing the truth, and he was reinstated to his original post: Dr. Guo Zi. Han Yu thinks he is very talented, but he is often ignored by the imperial court. He wrote an article "A Solution to Learning" to comfort himself: Dr. Guo Zi came to school in the morning, gathered the students together, and taught that being diligent and lazy at work destroyed success by thinking. Everyone has caught up with the good emperor, so study the classics well. Don't worry, they have no bright future. Before the end, some students laughed. You are very devoted to the study of Six Arts, rejecting the old Buddhist ideas that do not conform to the Confucian spirit, and assiduously summing up all the classics from ancient times to the present. However, you have neither prestige in public nor good personal friends, so you are easily demoted, and your life is hard, your hair is falling out and your teeth are loose. Instead of thinking about it, teach others to be like you? Mr. Wang said, come here. I'm just saying you have to work hard on your own. Whether it matters or not is a matter for the prime ministers. Mencius and Xunzi are both excellent, but they are not without opportunities? Although my articles and remarks are not very appropriate now, the ministers of the emperor have not cleaned me up and are already attached to me. When the people in charge of the government saw this article, they all sympathized with him. Considering Han Yu's great historical talent, he was appointed as a doctor of Bibi and History Museum to compile (write history books). A year later, he was promoted to doctor (probably the official in charge of performance appraisal in the human resources department) and was appointed as the official in charge of drafting government decrees. Later, some people looked down on Han Yu, saying that Han Yu was demoted as a clerk in Jiangling House, and that Jingnan was Pei (a provincial military and political chief). This remark spread in the imperial court, because this Han Yu was demoted to the right bastard of the prince. In August of the 12th year of Yuanhe (8 17), Pei Du, the prime minister, was appointed as the ambassador of Huaixi Xuanwei, and he was also a rebel (the army was an administrative unit, and at the state level, Huang Wenbing, who killed Song Jiang by water margin, lived in Wuwei Army). He asked Han Yu to be his marching horse and gave Han Yu clothes. After the pacification of Huaixi and Cai, Han Yu returned to the capital Chang 'an with Pei Du in June+February, 5438, and was awarded as assistant minister of punishments (vice minister of punishments, the number seems to be two) for his contribution. Han Yu was ordered to write an inscription for Pinghuai West Monument. In this article, Han Yu mostly highlighted the deeds of Pei Du, but at that time, the greatest contribution should be Li Su, and Li Su was unconvinced. Li Su's wife ran to the palace and reported that the inscription could not reflect the real situation. Li Su's father is Li Sheng, and he has made great contributions. His wife seems to be a princess. ) The emperor ordered the cancellation of this inscription written by Han Yu, so that Duan Wenchang, a bachelor of Hanlin, could rewrite it and carve the stone. Near Fengxiang and Chang 'an, there is Famen Temple. In Famen Temple, there is a national protection tower. There is a phalanx of Sakyamuni in the tower. It is said that this treasure is opened once every 30 years, and every time it is opened, it will bless the harvest of grain and the happiness and harmony of the people. In the first month of Yuanhe 14 (8 19), the emperor asked the eunuch XXX and 30 handsome people to welcome the Buddha bones, and kept them in the palace for three days before sending them to various monasteries. Both ministers and ordinary people go to charity (after all, only once every 30 years, how many 30 years are there in life? Peace in troubled times), afraid of backwardness, afraid that ordinary people will lose everything, and even burn their heads and bones to catch up with this fashion. Han Yu has always disliked Buddhism, so he wrote an article "Persuading Buddha's Bones to Watch" (see my other article). Xianzong was very angry when he read this article. A day later, he showed it to the ministers to deal with Han Yu severely. Pei Du and Cui Qun said: Although Han Yu makes you angry and should be convicted, it is also because he is sincere and not afraid of being dealt with by you. Why else is he so thankless? Please forgive him for showing your generosity, which will encourage other people to write. The emperor said that Han Yu said that I could tolerate my excessive belief in Buddhism. Why did he say that after the Eastern Han Dynasty, emperors who believed in Buddhism were short-lived? Isn't this ridiculous? Being a courtier is so arrogant and unforgivable! So everyone was too scared to speak, so that other officials thought that Han Yu deserved it, and casually found an excuse to demote Han Yu to Chaozhou (now Chaozhou, Guangdong? When crocodiles flood, they must be wild places. When Han Yu arrived in Chaoyang, he went to the emperor's desk and said, ... Xianzong told the ministers that he looked at Han Yu's watch yesterday and remembered that he advised me not to accept Buddhist bones. I found that he still loves me very much. How could I not know? (Xian Zong is a person who is surprised at first sight), but Han Yu, as a courtier, shouldn't say that I am short-lived if I believe in Buddhism, because I hate his carelessness. ) Xian Zong intends to re-enable Han Yu, so he took a vaccination with the ministers first to see their reaction. Prime Minister Huang Huangfu hates Han Yu's integrity. I'm afraid he will be reused. He was the first to jump out and answer that Han Yu was arrogant and careless, so he was transferred to a better state and county, so he was appointed as the secretariat of Han Yu's original state. At first, Han Yu got Chaoyang and began to work. When asked about the concerns of the people, they all said that there were many crocodiles in the water in the west of the local area, which were huge and ate up all the livestock raised by the people, so the people were very poor. A few days later, Han Yu personally looked at the situation, ordered the judge to throw a pig and a sheep into the drowning water, and made a sacrifice to the crocodiles to tell them to fuck off. If they don't listen, they will be sent to clean them up. Don't regret. On the night of the wish, a strong wind suddenly blew in the drowning water, accompanied by thunder. After a few days, all the water in the water dried up, and chaozhou people no longer had to worry about crocodiles. According to the custom of Yuanzhou, if men and women go to other people's homes to be servants (it is estimated that the parents of boys and girls borrow money from the rich family and take their children as collateral), if they don't pay back the money after the deadline, the workers will always be servants of the rich family. After Han Yu arrived in Yuanzhou, he added relevant laws to redeem those minors and return them to his parents, which changed the previous agreement and prohibited the rich from robbing men and dominating women. 15 years, Yuanhe promoted Han Yu as a national son (president of a national university) and transferred to assistant minister of the Ministry of War (deputy minister of national defense). As it happens, the town mutiny killed Governor Tian and elected Wang Ting as the acting military and political chief. The court asked Han Yu to appease the people. When Han Yu arrived, he summoned the soldiers and civilians and told them what was right and what was wrong. Wang Ting listened to the declaimed speech and was awed by Han Yu. Later, Han Yu was appointed assistant minister of the official department (deputy director of the Personnel Bureau of the Ministry of Labor). Later, it was changed to Jing (the mayor of Chang 'an, the capital) and an ancient counselor (an official who was responsible for advising the emperor on what to do and what not to do). Because Han Yu didn't go to the designated place to handle affairs, he was impeached by Li Shen (who knows the author of Chinese Cuisine) (according to the gains and losses of Qian Mu's political system in China, this official was sent to the palace by the ancient imperial censors to communicate with the emperor). Han Yu was not investigated, unconvinced, and still didn't go to work. Shen Li and Han Yu are both quick-tempered and extreme people, so they quarrel with each other and others don't listen to their advice. So the emperor made fifty boards each, and appointed Shen Li as an observer in western Zhejiang, and Han Yu as assistant minister of the Ministry of War (deputy minister of national defense). Before Li Shen went to Zhejiang, he ran to the emperor and cried. Tang Muzong (a naughty emperor) sympathized with him, so he made Li Shen an assistant minister of the Ministry of War and Han Yu an assistant minister of the official department. Changqing (Mu Zong title, Bai Juyi's Collection of Bai Changqing) died in February 65438+ 4, at the age of 57. He ratified Han Yu as the minister of rites (minister of education) and posthumous title as "Wen", so later generations often called him Han Wengong.