Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is an important teaching method and principle. In teaching, according to different students' cognitive level, learning ability and their own quality, teachers choose learning methods suitable for each student's characteristics to carry out targeted teaching, give full play to students' strengths, make up students' shortcomings, stimulate students' interest in learning, establish students' learning confidence, and thus promote students' all-round development. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude has rich modern connotations, and its implementation needs to implement four principles. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is of great significance to teachers, parents, schools and the realization of educational equity.