The principles and characteristics of the current educational management system in Japan are determined by the Constitution and the Basic Law on Education. The Constitution declares that education is the people's right, and stipulates that the educational administrative system should be constructed according to the principles of democratic politics and local autonomy. Japan's educational administration belongs to the cooperation between central power and local power. It has established a management system at the central and local levels, and implemented a decentralized system under the guidance of the central government in the relationship between the central and local governments. Japan's post-war education reform established a "six-three-four system" school education system. According to the School Education Law,

The so-called schools refer to primary schools, junior middle schools, senior middle schools, universities, higher professional schools, schools for the blind, schools for the deaf, maintenance schools and kindergartens.

Since India's independence for more than 40 years, the development of basic education has lagged behind, higher education has developed abnormally, and there is still a big gap between technical education and the needs of national economic development. Adult education is helpless to the expanding ranks of illiterate people, and various forms of educational opportunities are very common. These educational problems are important aspects that restrict the economic and social development of India. The national education policy promulgated by 1986 has been implemented for nearly ten years, and the above problems have not been fundamentally alleviated. Education reform in India still has a long way to go.