(A) Ancient education
1. spartan education-the purpose of spartan education is to train soldiers, with military training as the central content and little attention paid to developing people's wisdom and talents;
(1) education process: ① family education before the age of 7; (2) Children aged 7 to 18 enter the gymnastics field of military-style national education institutions to receive the education of "five events" (running, discus throwing, javelin throwing, jumping and wrestling) and myths and legends; (3) From the age of 65,438+08, citizens' children enter a higher-level educational institution, the Youth Military Training Corps Everby, to receive formal military training; (4) Citizens' children who have reached the age of 20 begin to receive actual combat training and are sent to the border; (5) At least 30 years of age, formally obtaining citizenship;
(2) The characteristics of education: ① Education has class nature; (2) Education is a national undertaking, controlled by the ruling class; ③ One-sided emphasis on moral and military education, ignoring knowledge and culture education; ④ Pay attention to women's education;
2. Athens education-the purpose of Athens education is to cultivate citizens with harmonious physical and mental development;
(1) Education process: ① Before the age of 7, children are raised by their parents at home; (2) After 7 years old, girls stay at home, and their mothers are responsible for education and learning skills such as weaving and sewing. Boy 7 then began to study at the clavichord and grammar school; (3) At the age of twelve or thirteen, the citizen children's gymnastics school has learned "five items"; (4)18 to 20 years old, young people enter the Youth Military Training Corps and receive military education; (5) At the age of 20, he was awarded the title of citizen after a certain ceremony;
(2) Educational characteristics: ① Education has class nature; (2) educating and cultivating people with harmonious physical and mental development; ③ Pay equal attention to public education and private education, and attach importance to the development of state and private education; ④ Not paying attention to women's education;
Education in classical times
1. The educational activities of the "wise school"-the wise, also known as sophists, mainly refer to the itinerant teachers who taught students for a fee in the late 5th century. As a group of wise men, the common ideological characteristics are relativism, individualism, sentimentality and skepticism. Representative figures include protagoras ("Man is the measure of everything"), gorgias ("non-existence" and "everything is false"), Prodix, An Tifeng, Furong and Chrittia.
2. The educational contribution of "smart schools"
(1) early humanism;
(2) education is classless and academic freedom, which expands the target of education, promotes the spread of cultural knowledge and promotes the flow of society;
(3) Taking the training of politicians as the educational goal, the wise are most concerned about moral and political issues, and the knowledge and political knowledge obtained systematically are the main educational contents;
(4) The contents and methods of education have been determined, and the first three kinds of "seven arts", namely rhetoric, grammar and dialectics, have been established at the earliest, which has also triggered a long-term debate between the formal theory and the substantive theory of education in western education;
(5) The emergence of the wise indicates the specialization of education;
(6) Wise men have made outstanding contributions to the development of Greek educational thought, which has included all the basic clues and directions of the development of Greek educational thought;