Taoranting Park, located in the south of Beijing, is named after the pavilion. Taoranting is one of the four famous pavilions in Qing Dynasty, located in Bates Temple on the high platform of a lake island in the park. Bates Temple, also known as Kannonji, was built in the Yuan Dynasty and has a history of more than 700 years. It was rebuilt twice in the second year of Kangxi and the twentieth year of Guangxu. Its main buildings are the mountain gate, Zhunti Hall, Guanyin Hall, Wenchang Pavilion, Taoranting, North and South West Hall. The whole building layout is rigorous, grand and solemn. After its completion, it became a place where scholars gathered to recite poems, leaving many poems that were circulated for a while.
During the Republic of China, because of its remote geographical location, sparsely populated, high terrain and easy observation, it became a secret place for early revolutionaries of our party to frequent activities, witnessing the revolutionary footprints of Li Dazhao, Li Dazhao, Li Dazhao, Li Dazhao, Li Dazhao, Li Dazhao, Li Dazhao, Li Dazhao, Li Dazhao, Li Dazhao, Li Dazhao, Li Dazhao, Li Dazhao, Li Dazhao, Li Dazhao and Li Dazhao.
Zhang, the general of Anhui warlord, was appointed as the governor of Hunan, killing public opinion, destroying education and being tyrannical as a tiger. The people hated him, and young students took the lead in launching the Zhang-driving movement.
In order to expand the momentum of Zhang Movement, on June 5, 2008 +09 19+February 6+18, he led a Hunan Zhang Movement delegation to Beijing and began his second trip to Beijing. In the meantime, Mao Zedong actively contacted Hunan students, gentry and parliamentarians in Beijing, and established the "Hunan People's Federation in Beijing" and the "Hunan People's Committee in Beijing", which created a strong social momentum. He also presided over the establishment of a "civilian news agency" in the temple, organized the writing of articles exposing Zhang's many evils and related migratory activities, and published them in newspapers and periodicals in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Han.
On February 28th, 65438, 1000 people attended the "Jingxiang Zhang Movement Conference" held in Hunan Guild Hall, delivered an impassioned speech, and shouted out the slogan "Hunan is hopeless if Zhang Du is not removed". However, these actions failed to achieve remarkable results, and Mao Zedong decided to hold a joint meeting to push the campaign deeper. 192065438+1018 organized Luo, Yi Kekui, Zhou Changxian, members of Hunan Fu Jen Society, and Deng Zhongxia, a student from Peking University, to have a meeting in the nunnery to discuss how to mobilize public opinion and expand the influence of the struggle to drive Zhang. The meeting decided to submit a letter to the Beiyang government in the name of representatives from all walks of life in Hunan. After the meeting, everyone walked out of Bates Temple and left a photo of Zhang Zhengui under the locust tree at the door.
The next day, Chen arrived. I wrote to the chairman and prime minister of Beiyang government, listing Zhang's top ten crimes and demanding that he be removed from his post for investigation. The submission pointed out: "Zhang Du's disaster in Hunan is sinful and the people of Hunan are suffering deeply. As long as Zhang Du doesn't go to Hunan, the people of Hunan have nothing to ask for. " This action further expanded the momentum of the Zhang replacement movement and quickly became the focus of national public opinion after being reprinted by major newspapers.
During his two months in Beijing, he organized seven petitions, held many rallies to drive Zhang away, and used folk news agencies to create public opinion to drive Zhang away, which aggravated the contradictions among warlords. On June 1 1, when the direct warlord Wu retreated from Hunan, and the Xiang army of Tan and Zhao Hengti approached Changsha step by step, Zhang fled from Changsha in a panic, and the Zhangyi movement won the final victory.
Under the influence of the May 4th New Culture Movement, social progressive groups sprang up like mushrooms after rain. However, they are loosely organized and fragmented, lacking unified organizational leadership, and it is difficult to form a joint force for common struggle.
In this case, Zhou Enlai of Tianjin Enlightenment Society initiated a five-member group meeting to promote the unity of various progressive groups. He made a special trip to Beijing to consult Li Dazhao and got Li Dazhao's consent. 1On August 6th, 920, Zhou Enlai came to Beijing with members of Tianjin Enlightenment Society and invited five groups led by Li Dazhao, namely young chinese Society, Humane Society, Shuguang Society and Work-study Mutual Aid Group, to hold a joint meeting in Bates buddhist nun. Li Dazhao, Zhang Shenfu and Deng attended the meeting.
The meeting was presided over by Liu Qingyang, who introduced the intention of convening this meeting. Deng Ying Chao reported on the activities of the Enlightenment Association since its establishment. Zhou Enlai, on behalf of the Awakening Society, explained the significance of uniting progressive groups and conspiring for social transformation: Only by uniting and uniting the large and small progressive groups that have appeared all over the country since the May 4th Movement and taking common actions can we transform old China and save China from peril. In his speech, Li Dazhao pointed out that it is necessary for all groups to be marked, saying that if a progressive group is not marked, it will not be able to unite its wishes internally, let alone have joint actions with others externally. The meeting put forward a motion to form a "transformation alliance" by uniting local innovation groups, and put forward some guiding opinions for the future struggle. Finally, the meeting decided that these five groups should unite to form a "reform alliance" to promote the unity of all progressive groups.
Two days later, representatives from five groups, including young chinese Society and Enlightenment Society, came to Jinyuxuan in Zhongshan Park to hold a preparatory meeting. The meeting decided to set up a "reform alliance" organization and adopted the Joint Declaration on Reform and the Charter of the Reform Alliance. At the beginning of the Joint Declaration on Transformation, it was clearly stated that "the youth under the Red Army should be assembled to transform" and "an alliance should be formed to break all boundaries". The "ism" and "red flag" emphasized here refer to the banner of Marxism and the October Revolution in Russia. The meeting of the Fifth Youth League promoted the unity of all progressive groups and the further spread of Marxism, which effectively promoted the in-depth development of the revolutionary cause.
In the early years of the Republic of China, the situation was turbulent and war and disaster were linked. Due to neglect of management, Taoranting area is overgrown with weeds and graves everywhere. At this time, Marxist theory was regarded as a scourge by the Beiyang warlord government, and it was strictly prohibited, which brought great difficulties to the early communist party people in Beijing. 1920 in March, the Marxist theory research society was established, but it was only in a secret state. Members urgently need to find a suitable place, and the secluded Bates buddhist nun has become their best choice.
The establishment of this secret stronghold is inseparable from Li Dazhao.
When Li Dazhao was studying at Waseda University, he had an old friend named Chen Yusheng. He is one of the founders of Young China Society and the manager of Young China Monthly. At the end of 1920, Chen Yusheng went to work in Chongqing, devoted himself to cultural education and social transformation, and prepared to do something great. His wife Qi Jin stayed in Beijing to take care of the young children. However, less than half a year later, Jin Qi died of illness. At this time, the China Youth Association is preparing for the annual meeting. Chen Yusheng and his colleagues went to Beijing to prepare for the annual meeting with the help of Li Dazhao and others to take care of his wife's affairs. Finally, Chen Yusheng chose to bury his wife near Taoranting. After the funeral, Li Dazhao and Chen Yusheng discussed that Taoranting was remote and desolate, and it was not easy to attract attention. In the name of guarding Mrs. Chen's tomb, she can rent a house in buddhist nun as a venue for the China Youth Club. Chen Yusheng nodded in agreement.
Huang is the director of the temple management office in Beijing, responsible for leasing matters. He and Li Dazhao are classmates of Tianjin Beiyang Law and Politics School, and Li Dazhao helped Huang get this position. With Huang's help, he successfully rented two southern annex houses in buddhist nun as secret places for the Young China Society. Since then, from 192 1 to 1923, Li Dazhao often held secret meetings in these two rooms in the southwest of the nunnery, and people from Deng Zhongxia, Yunnan and higher education often came here to engage in revolutionary activities.
Years of vicissitudes of life, the site still exists. Wandering in the red land of Bates buddhist nun, we are still deeply touched, arousing our concern and review of that revolutionary period, and perceiving the hardships and persistence of the older generation of revolutionaries such as Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai in exploring the road of saving the country and the people.
Because of its historical value and revolutionary significance, Bates buddhist nun is not only an elegant tourist attraction, but also a revolutionary memorial. 1979 was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Beijing in August.
Wen Yi Changying