University education is a kind of higher education, which is very different from the basic education in senior high school in teaching methods, teaching contents and education management. It has caused many aspects of college students' inadaptability at the beginning of enrollment. Therefore, how to make a good connection between high school education and university education has always been a topic of concern to the education sector. Traditionally, connecting high school and university education is mainly the responsibility of university educators. In fact, since convergence refers to the mutual convergence between two adjacent educational stages, senior high school teachers, especially senior three teachers, also have an important responsibility to solve this problem. If high school teachers can attach importance to and help university teachers solve this problem well, it will make students take fewer detours in university life and study and get twice the result with half the effort. Some experts, through continuous investigation and study of freshmen, found that preparing well before entering the university, that is, preparing well for social adaptation and learning adaptation, can make students develop well in physiology, psychological emotion, learning adaptation and social adaptation, so as to smoothly realize the transition from basic education to higher education.
Second, the problems existing in the connection between high school education and university education
The problems existing in the connection between high school education and university education, that is, the inadaptability of freshmen, are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(A) professional confusion
Students show blind obedience when choosing a major after the college entrance examination. This phenomenon is mainly due to the fact that there is no career planning course in middle school education, and students lack the awareness of career and major choice, which leads to confusion and confusion. Most students mainly rely on their parents and teachers when choosing their major, so they have a vague understanding of their major after entering school. For example, freshmen majoring in the restoration of historical relics think that their task is archaeology and the actual restoration of cultural relics, and courses such as ancient philology, history and culture are useless to them. Unclear about their major leads some students to choose a major that is different from their own interests. Interest is the driving force of learning, and the lack of interest in majors leads some students to slack off on professional courses.
(B) learning methods do not adapt
There are great differences between high school education and university education in education mode and teaching method. In the education mode, the exam-oriented education in senior high school is based on exams, with scores as the standard, and teaching is a teacher-led indoctrination mode; University education is a quality education based on students' autonomous learning mode, and its teaching purpose is to emphasize the application of what they have learned and all-round development, and attach importance to the broadening of students' knowledge and the cultivation of practical ability. However, after entering the university, many students, due to the lack of self-study ability and the compulsory supervision of parents and teachers, suddenly feel a lot less pressure on learning, and gradually feel bored and lack of motivation psychologically, so they no longer take hard study as their main goal.
From the perspective of teaching methods, the high school stage is teacher-centered, with less content, more examples and more exercises in each class, so as to achieve the goal of drawing inferences from others and mastering knowledge in intensive lectures and more practice. University teaching is based on students' extensive knowledge. If students want to understand the theoretical and large-capacity learning content in class, they must read a lot of relevant extracurricular reading materials and reference materials in order to keep up with the teacher's ideas and progress, which requires students to have certain self-learning ability. Therefore, if students do not pay attention to the combination of theory and practice, and do not constantly strengthen the training of thinking methods and the improvement of learning methods, they will inevitably distance themselves from others in their learning ability. Some students who have adapted to the exam-oriented education in senior high school and achieved excellent results will gradually lose their sense of superiority and even lose their confidence in continuing to study hard if they can't adapt to the university's educational methods quickly after entering the university.
(C) the inadaptability of campus life
Middle schools implement a strict management model for students' study and life. Students' test scores are the focus of attention of schools and parents, and teachers are also very meticulous in managing each student. In middle school, the head teacher is like a generalist, taking care of students' study, life and discipline. Parents, on the other hand, are eager for their children's success, and take care of their children in every possible way in life for their study, which leads to some children's poor self-care ability and strong dependence. In the process of learning, students are urged by teachers at school, supervised by parents at home and supervised by external forces, so students have to concentrate on their studies consciously. University is a relatively relaxed management mode of study and life. The school pays attention to students' self-management, self-improvement and self-development. Counselors mainly give guidance in thought and life, while professional teachers pay attention to imparting professional knowledge and cultivating skills, paying less attention to college students' study and life problems and communicating with students too little. Therefore, college students have gained considerable freedom and can arrange their own life and study at will. However, freshmen who have just left the middle school management mode can't arrange their study life scientifically and reasonably because of the influence of habitual psychological stereotype and the lack of independent ability and self-discipline awareness of some students. Under the influence of many factors, it is common for college students to compare with each other. Well-off students not only have a high level of daily consumption, but also have a material basis to achieve their study or life goals, while economically poor students can only meet the basic needs of life and study, and any extra consumption is a luxury idea. There are various differences among students. If it is not handled properly, it will produce a sense of distance, lead to estrangement and produce various psychological problems.
(D) the inadaptability of interpersonal relationships
High school life is monotonous, there are no geographical differences between students, and interpersonal relationships are relatively simple. Even if there are contradictions between students, the class teacher can find and adjust them in time. But the university environment is relatively complicated. College students from different regions and cultural backgrounds have differences in personal intelligence, ability to distinguish right from wrong, socialization, communication ability, economic conditions and many other aspects. These differences set different obstacles for college students' social communication. As far as students are concerned, freshmen in cities have fewer interpersonal barriers than rural students, because universities are generally located in large and medium-sized cities, while students from rural areas have relatively closed information, poor vision, and great differences in urban and rural lifestyles and habits, which will have a great impact on students and lead to more subjective maladjustment such as self-adaptation and emotional adaptation. From the perspective of gender, girls can adapt to new groups faster than boys, because girls pay more attention to emotional connection, express their feelings easily in conversation, and communicate well and timely with others, so they are better than boys in interpersonal relationship.
Thirdly, the strategy of effective connection between high school education and university education.
To solve the connection problem between high school education and university education, high school teachers and university teachers need to cooperate closely.
(A) more systematic and standardized vocational guidance for students.
In view of the problem that college students are confused about their majors, we should provide students with systematic and standardized career guidance in senior high school, especially in senior three, so that students can get an excellent opportunity to explore their careers in senior high school, realize self-understanding, self-awareness and self-improvement, learn to plan their own lives, have their own opinions and understanding in filling in their volunteers and choosing majors, and cultivate their potential ability of rational planning in the future. High schools can also offer elective courses or interest courses, which are in line with university courses in content. The main purpose of setting up elective courses in senior high schools is to let students know the relevant learning contents of university majors in advance, which will help students choose their favorite majors accurately in the future. After entering the university, in the activities of freshmen's entrance education, department leaders should introduce the situation of the department in detail, and should highlight professional ideological education; Teachers of all majors should explain the courses they teach in detail, so that freshmen can have a clear and detailed understanding of the nature and knowledge structure of the courses they study, understand the development prospects of their major, the frontier goals of their subject, clarify the learning direction and enhance their learning motivation.
(B) to guide students in learning methods
Senior high schools can regularly hire university professors to introduce the educational and teaching characteristics of universities in the form of special reports and lectures, so as to facilitate students to know the teaching reform trends, learning environment, learning content and learning methods of universities in time and realize the connection between senior high schools and university education. College teachers should participate in middle school teaching, attend classes in middle schools regularly, discuss and communicate with high school teachers, spread the spirit and concept of autonomous learning advocated by universities to middle schools, and bring good learning spirit and management methods from middle schools to universities to form a benign interaction. For example, Baoding College sends experienced teachers to middle schools for lectures and exchanges every year, and organizes training for backbone teachers and class teachers of various subjects in high schools every winter and summer vacation to guide the curriculum reform and student training mode reform in high schools. In addition, in view of the lack of self-study ability of freshmen, colleges and universities should arrange freshmen's courses more closely and gradually reduce them later; Teachers should take care of students' level and ability when teaching courses, so that freshmen who have just entered the university have a buffer period and gradually adapt to the teaching mode of the university.
(c) guiding students to live on campus.
In the stage of senior high school education, we should gradually cultivate students' independence, so that they can form strong independent living ability. The management and restraint of students should also be relaxed appropriately, so that students can gradually form a certain self-management and restraint ability. The first two months of college freshmen's enrollment is a critical period for habit cultivation and consolidation. While familiarizing freshmen with the general situation of the school and understanding the history, construction, development and material and humanistic environment of the school, teachers should also help them correctly understand themselves, correctly analyze the positive factors that are conducive to personal growth and eliminate the negative factors that are not conducive to personal growth. If students can actively integrate their study and life into the new environment and closely combine the favorable factors in the environment with the positive factors of individuals, then they will certainly get a benign adaptation in practical activities. In addition, teachers should help freshmen design a new and suitable target system, so as to gain motivation for study and life. In the process of freshmen's adaptation, we should give full play to the role of old classmates in passing on, helping and leading, select excellent senior students for training, and let old classmates play the role of intimate brothers and sisters. As freshmen's student counselors, we should actively assist counselors in guiding freshmen to adapt to university study and life from the beginning of freshmen's enrollment, from life to study, and from inside to outside. Practice shows that student counselors play a significant role in transmission, help and guidance, and the communication between peers will be more conducive to freshmen's rapid adaptation to the school environment and help them successfully through the psychological adaptation period.
(D) Guidance on students' interpersonal relationship
Senior high school education, especially in the later period, should pay attention to the cultivation of students' interpersonal skills, so that students can have a good understanding of themselves and others, guide students to establish an adult interpersonal communication model in universities, and establish a good and harmonious relationship with teachers and students around them. Through effective guidance, high school students can gradually get rid of the shortcomings of self-centeredness, learn to respect, understand and trust, learn to tolerate other people's mistakes, respect different views, and be tolerant and open-minded, so as to lay the foundation for the smooth establishment of harmonious interpersonal relationships after entering colleges and universities. In the university stage, freshmen come from different regions, and different cultural backgrounds and customs have formed personalized psychological and personality characteristics. If they want to live in harmony, they must abide by the norms of collective life and have noble collectivism spirit. Through the collective activities in study and life, coordinate, unify and exercise their ideology and collectivism, so that they can have a sense of identity and a sense of belonging and security to the collective. For individual students with communication barriers, the school should provide timely and targeted psychological health consultation and training, guide them to gradually form scientific and reasonable interpersonal relationships in their communication with teachers and classmates, cultivate their ability to discover their own advantages and appreciate others, get along well with classmates, and realize self-education in the process of caring for and helping other classmates.
Four. conclusion
University is an important period for the formation of students' outlook on life and values. How to enter the role as soon as possible and start scientific study and life is the urgent requirement of every college student and the responsibility of every educator. The connection between high school education and university education is not only related to whether students can adapt to university life as soon as possible, but also affects the establishment of their outlook on life and career choice. University teachers and senior high school teachers are in close contact and cooperate with each other to cultivate students' adaptability in life, study and psychology, and realize the smooth connection between senior high school education and university education, which is of great significance to talent training.