[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the educational status of children of migrant workers in Beijing, understand their educational needs, and provide a basis for the government and society to formulate intervention programs. Methods: 70 sixth-grade pupils, 5 teachers and 34 migrant workers from Cocoon Children's Primary School in Shijingshan District and Haidian District of Beijing were investigated by closed questionnaires, personal interviews and group interviews. Results: Children of migrant workers are generally older than children of Beijing citizens. Most of the children of migrant workers are separated from their parents and study in their hometown; The conditions of running schools for children of migrant workers are poor, lacking funds, equipment and high-quality teachers; Migrant workers generally believe that the quality of public schools in Beijing is high, and they want their children to study in public schools, but the high sponsorship fee makes them feel unbearable. Conclusion: The present situation of schooling for children of migrant workers in Beijing is worrying, and many problems need to be solved urgently. The best way is for the government, society and individuals to cooperate in running schools.
In the mid-1980s, with the reform and opening up of China's economic system, the employment population shifted and the rural population urbanized. As an international metropolis, Beijing bears the brunt. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 200,000 migrant workers in Beijing, and there are about 240,000 school-age children in compulsory education. The education problems of these migrant workers' children are highlighted. Due to educational funds and household registration management, Beijing generally does not provide them with nine-year compulsory education, nor does it provide them with the same high school education as the children of Beijing citizens. So what is the current situation of these migrant workers' children in Beijing? What difficulties and needs do they have in receiving education? How should the government and society intervene? To this end, we conducted a survey on the education of migrant workers' children in schools in Shijingshan District and construction sites in Haidian District, Beijing.
Data and methods
I. Sources of information
Choose cocoon primary school for children of migrant workers, located in the suburbs, with moderate conditions. 70 students from two classes of Grade 6 in this school were randomly selected by cluster sampling for questionnaire survey, and 5 teachers (including the head of the school) were interviewed in groups. At the same time, 34 migrant workers from four construction sites near the High School Attached to the National People's Congress were selected for personal interviews. The date is March 25th, 2004.
Second, the method
The short-term training students in our class adopt face-to-face questionnaire survey, group interview and personal interview. The contents of the questionnaire include: the basic situation of migrant workers' children, family situation, enrollment situation, educational acceptability, educational expenses, etc. In addition to the above contents, the interview contents also include: the running situation, difficulties and suggestions of schools for children of migrant workers, individual views and opinions of migrant workers on the status quo of compulsory education in Beijing, and the importance attached to children's education.
Third, statistical methods.
Summarize the collected data, list tables, and draw charts from the tables. Use SPSS 1 1.0 software to t-test the measured data.
result
First, the migrant workers' children's families and schooling situation
1. The school age of children of migrant workers (13.95 1.397 years old) is generally older than that of children of Beijing citizens (12.25 0.440 years old), which is significantly different from that of students in our class (t=8.366 P=0.000). See figure 1.
2. Parents' occupations are mainly self-employed (40. 15%, 53/ 132) and working for individual units (18.94%, 25/ 132), in the following order: unemployed (/kloc-0). See figure 2
3. The family's economic income is low, mostly concentrated in 800~ 1000 yuan/month, and 12.88% of parents have no economic income at all. See fig. 3
4. The living area of families is crowded, with 43.55% families living in one room and 35.48% living in two rooms. The housing area of the whole family is less than15m2, accounting for 18.75%,16 ~ 20m2, 3 1.25%, 21~ 30m2, accounting for 18.75%.
5. The school is close to home, and the school time is less than 10 minutes, accounting for 22.73%, 10~20 minutes, accounting for 33.33% and 20~30 minutes, accounting for 28.79%. More than 30 minutes 15. 15%.
Second, the current situation of migrant children's education
1. Studying in the school for children of migrant workers run by the government: The cocoon primary school for children of migrant workers in this survey belongs to this kind of school, but it is located in the suburbs with inconvenient transportation, and the students attending are limited to the children of migrant workers near the school.
2. Studying in a private school for the children of migrant workers in Beijing: According to a survey of migrant workers in a construction site in Haidian District, only two children of a couple are studying in this kind of school, except for one or two people who have no children at present, all the other children are studying in their hometown. Parents generally express dissatisfaction and complaints about the quality and fees of education in these private schools, but considering that ordinary schools in Beijing are closed to foreign children or charge a lot of borrowing fees, they can only temporarily let their children study in these private schools.
3. Studying in the school in their hometown: These children are usually taken care of by grandparents or other relatives and studied in their hometown separately from their parents. The quality of education in these schools is inferior to that in Beijing. A survey of migrant workers in construction sites in Haidian District found that this situation is quite common. Migrant workers said that they are not worried about the education in their hometown schools or the situation of their children who are not around. The main reason why they don't let their children come to Beijing is financial difficulties, such as not having a fixed residence and income in Beijing, or not being able to afford the tuition fees for their children to study in Beijing.
Three. Education of children of migrant workers
1. There is no complete primary school-junior high school-senior high school teaching system: According to our survey, there are almost no senior high schools for the children of migrant workers in Beijing, and the threshold for junior high schools is quite high. Many parents and students want their children to stay in Beijing for school. After the children of migrant workers finish primary school or junior high school in Beijing, if their parents are unable to apply for a Beijing hukou, they can only go back to their hometown to continue their studies or join the society in Beijing to find a job.
2. The influence of migrant workers' living conditions on their children's schooling: 1) The mobility of migrant workers determines the mobility of their children's schooling. Take cocoon primary school as an example. Every semester, 25% of students transfer to other schools, and the remaining students in a teaching class from grade one to grade six are less than 1/2. These students move with their parents, and their schooling situation is extremely unstable. 2) The economic conditions of migrant workers' families are poor. Most of the industries they are engaged in are construction workers and small traders. Their family income is relatively small, which is not enough to pay higher tuition fees, or even meet some reasonable needs of their children to receive basic education. This situation affects the quality of students' education. 3) Most migrant workers' families have more than one child, and more children go to school, which increases the burden on families. Coupled with the pressure of real life, parents often have to take care of their children. The supervision of children is affected, and the quality of children's learning is bound to be affected.
Four. Migrant workers' views on children's education and their evaluation of the present situation of education in Beijing.
Through investigation, we found that these floating population who live a hard life firmly believe that only education can change the fate of their children. Most of them said that as long as their children's academic performance and ability are not too bad, they will try their best to meet their children's needs for schools and let them receive better education.
Migrant workers generally believe that the quality of education in public schools in Beijing is high, and they want their children to study in public schools, but the high sponsorship fee makes them feel unbearable.
discuss
First of all, the children of urban migrant workers also have the right to receive compulsory education and its importance.
Martin, leader of the American civil rights movement? Lu Se? King once said, "I have a dream that in the near future, on the red hill of Georgia, black children can sit down with white children and share brotherhood." Today, we also have a dream that the children of migrant workers can sit in the same spacious and bright classroom with the children in the city and receive high-quality modern education together. It must be pointed out that migrant workers have made important contributions to the construction and development of local cities. They generally engage in hard and even dangerous jobs that city people don't want to do, but their income is low. They pay education surcharge in rural areas and industrial and commercial tax in cities. It is extremely unfair that their children can't enjoy the right of compulsory education while bearing the double expenses of urban and rural areas.
If tomorrow's children of migrant workers can't receive good and high-quality modern education, then they are likely to be migrant workers tomorrow. They will still live on the edge of the city, they will still be tanned in the scorching sun, and migrant workers crowded in sheds in the severe winter will still find it difficult to enjoy the material and spiritual civilization of the city. Only when these "ifs" no longer exist can today's children of migrant workers cross the gap between urban and rural areas and become an indispensable member of the city. To achieve equality, we must start from eliminating discrimination. Let every child of migrant workers enjoy the treatment of children in the city.
Second, our suggestions and ideas.
1. Establish a school for children of migrant workers: As a project undertaken by the government, the school for children of migrant workers has unique advantages. It is the most suitable choice for children of migrant workers in terms of teachers, software and hardware equipment, teaching ability and quality, tuition fees, food and accommodation, and the all-round development of children's morality, intelligence, physique and beauty and the cultivation of excellent personality. Therefore, it is the most fundamental solution for the government to build more and better schools for migrant children.
2. Choose the place to set up schools for children of floating population: We believe that the government should set up schools for children of floating population in densely populated areas by investigating the distribution of floating population in Beijing and its suburbs. At the same time, in order to solve the education problem of children of migrant workers living in scattered areas, boarding schools for children of migrant workers can be established in some areas. The establishment of these schools will enable migrant workers to send their children to school with confidence.
3. Problems of private schools for children of migrant workers: Through investigation, we found that these private schools can be roughly divided into two types: one is similar in nature to Hope Primary School and is a non-profit school. The quality of education in these schools is not very good, but the fees are not high; The other is a private for-profit school with high fees and unsatisfactory education quality. We believe that either the government will invest in these private schools and turn them into public-private partnerships or public schools, or the government will intervene in the operation of these schools. For example, the government can send teaching inspectors to these private schools to supervise their teaching conditions and charging standards. Only in this way can the problems of poor teaching quality and high fees in private schools be gradually changed, so that these schools can also contribute to solving the education problems of children of migrant workers from other places in Beijing.
4. Lowering the school threshold: Considering the economic situation of foreign workers, they are unable to accept the huge borrowing fees of ordinary schools, and feel stretched by the high fees of private schools. Therefore, it is necessary to lower the threshold of Beijing schools and let more children of migrant workers receive better education.
5. The idea of establishing schools for children of floating population in China: After all, Beijing's ability to run schools is limited, and it is impossible for all children of floating population to enter Beijing for education. Therefore, in order to enable them to receive a perfect education in their hometown, we can consider establishing schools for the children of migrant workers in provinces and regions where there are many migrant workers. These schools should be undertaken by the local government, lowering the threshold so that parents who go out to work no longer have worries.
6. Establish a perfect primary school-junior high school-senior high school teaching system: Our suggestions are: extensively establish primary schools and junior high schools, and appropriately build boarding high schools and vocational high schools. High schools and vocational high schools can be established as needed to meet the requirements of migrant workers' children for further education and provide students with outstanding ability with opportunities to continue to apply for universities. It must be pointed out that the threshold of these high schools and vocational high schools must be lowered in order to be accepted by outsiders.
Publicity and appeal
According to the information and conclusions of our activities, we will carry out social publicity activities closely related to the theme to attract the attention of the whole society on this issue. So as to achieve the role of "dedicating love and serving the society", and make our activities worthy of youth and beneficial to the times.
Our actions are:
1. Carry out online publicity through the Internet;
As we all know, the Internet is one of the important ways for people to get information in their life, study and work. It can be said that in the current "information age" wave of all kinds of information dissemination methods, the Internet-based network communication method is the most convenient, most popular and fastest. We use network resources to announce our research conclusions to the whole society, so as to attract widespread attention. In many ways of online publicity, we finally chose BBS, which is the online forum. The reason is that this method has wide coverage, convenient data uploading and strong interactivity. Therefore, it is conducive to our two-way communication with the public and resource sharing. We plan to send several network experts to publish our conclusions and appeals on BBS, the major portal websites in China, waiting for and responding to social responses and queries, so as to achieve good publicity results.
2. Letter to the Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipal Government:
The people's government is the representative of the people's will, and its subordinate education department is a functional department established to protect the next generation's right to education with the strength of the people. It can be said that if we can let the education department know that we attach importance to this issue, it is to use the power of the people to help the children of the floating population who have difficulties. Therefore, we have informed the Ministry of Education and the Beijing Municipal Government of the results of the investigation and analysis, so that they can understand that this problem has attracted the attention of the majority of middle school students represented by us. At the same time, because we have got some unique views on this issue in our research work, we will also make a summary and provide some suggestions for the Ministry of Education and the Beijing Municipal Government to solve this problem. This move may receive good social effects and provide more solutions and opportunities for the education of children of floating population.