Source: the creativity of worms

Use a simple metaphor to help you understand "Hui".

This metaphor is "waves"-sometimes it looks calm on the surface, but it is rough below. When there is a slight wind blowing gently outside, it will move gently, on the surface, there are countless below; When encountering a big storm, the internal and external forces are completely forced, resulting in huge waves of thousands of feet, which can engulf ships at sea.

It also has the characteristics of continuity. When you look at the sea, the calm sea is actually not calm for a moment. Even if the surface is flat, it is actually moving, with small movements and big movements. The trend of moving and realizing is so obvious, just as we say, "the waves behind the Yangtze River push the waves before."

Will is such a quality, which looks quiet, but it is a very essential motivation.

And this desire to make waves is extremely strong. Although external factors may be monsoon, circulation, air pressure difference, etc. If it is like human will, there will always be factors that want to move, and one day there will be consequences. The result is capsizing, or just a gentle push. This is the role of will.

The sea is a metaphor, which gives us a clear understanding of will.

Will runs through people's whole behavior and thinking, and it contains an element-seed, which is constantly advancing and will eventually be realized. Not here, but somewhere else. If it can't be realized in the world, it will be realized in the universe.

So it has such a quality: it is everywhere.

Because feeling, as a person, is a little bit conscious. Therefore, feeling is our bridge and gateway to the objective world. It's really not that delicate, but also something half awake and half feeling.

It is not like thinking, thinking has a clear path, you can see your thinking, you can track your thinking, feelings come and go without a trace.

Steiner described the relationship between will and emotion as follows: emotion is the will that has not been realized, and will is the emotion that has been realized. In other words, the will will be presented, and the emotion itself is finally presented through the will. As an impulse, a push, it is more of a sensitive thing.

Here we need to distinguish the will mentioned by Steiner from the definition of will in general psychology. The definition of will in general psychology is the concept of struggling with difficulties, such as grinding an iron pestle into an embroidered needle, which is the embodiment of willpower, because it takes perseverance to achieve the goal.

When we say that a person is persistent, we will say: this person has strong willpower; If a person does not insist, he will say: This person has no willpower.

Steiner put great emphasis on will in education. He thought that education at that time put too much emphasis on intelligence.

Why did Steiner emphasize experience in adolescence? Although experience is a process of feeling, it is also an action of will, which can't be based only on concept. He thinks that it is dead thinking, and fresh thinking should be combined with experience.

100 years ago, in the society where rudolf steiner lived at that time, will was a very popular topic. Many famous philosophers are talking about will, emotion and thinking, including Schopenhauer and Kant. But rudolf steiner made it more specific, divided it more carefully, and combined it with his spiritual science.

Steiner believes that the development of will, emotion and thinking is different in the process of human growth. He thinks that 0-7 years old should cultivate more will, 7- 14 should cultivate more emotions and emotions, and 14-2 1 should cultivate more thinking, but in the end these things will become strong willpower, in our living world.

Rich emotions, sharp thoughts, strong will, intertwined, intertwined, become a real person!

Steiner talks about will from the perspective of spiritual science, and finally will fall into reality and be implemented in the process of teachers educating children. Steiner felt it necessary to correct this matter.

What is the significance of will in our pedagogy? How? Steiner also gave a clear path.

Steiner said: Conscious repetition is to cultivate will, while unconscious repetition is to cultivate emotion. This is a very important conclusion.

There used to be an advertisement called "Yang Yangyang Hengyuanxiang!" I was bored, you remember. This is unconscious repetition, but it is actually cultivating emotions. For example, when we go to learn to drive, the master tells you: brake and step on the accelerator. This is conscious repetition, and this cultivation is will.

First, cultivate willingness and keep fit.

In early childhood, we should cultivate one will, and the other is physical development and lay a good foundation.

Why do Waldorf kindergartens tell so many fairy tales and beautiful stories? You can say: We love children and don't want them to see dirty things.

Why? This is because the child's willpower at this time is forward, and more comes from his material body, living body and sensory body. This level of things, to put it bluntly, is instinct, impulse and desire.

It's time to cultivate his will. How come? He was born strong, and we can make him stronger in some ways, or do some guidance.

The state of kindergarten children is unconscious. Children before the age of 3 stepped into the pond when they saw it. He is not naughty, but the embodiment of willpower.

Children in kindergarten have strong willpower. He will go to his mother for milk. He won't judge whose milk it is, whether it's mother's or cow's. He just lives by instinct, desire and impulse.

At this time, children can't talk about the real motives at the soul level, such as setting traps, digging holes and tripping over their friends. He wouldn't do that. He is very simple. He walked over to block you and wouldn't dig a hole.

For example, if we raise a child's body well and steadily, it is also cultivating the will, because with such a body will, he can mobilize his instincts, impulses and desires. This is not derogatory. Each of us has this thing. When it's time to express strongly, express strongly.

In modern society and electronic age, it is difficult for many people to cultivate willpower. For example, our mobile phone is the best thing to overcome willpower. There is an article saying that Japanese people don't want to get married. In fact, this age of wanting nothing has a lot to do with their willpower.

We need the impulse of children's life to bring creation, of course, not that kind of violent crime. There is another factor in creation-freedom, which requires an ability to further promote it.

Therefore, the purpose of kindergarten is to cultivate willpower by cultivating will. For example, the prince and princess got married and lived a happy life, or the story ended with a family reunion. This kind of good will is actually an important factor in cultivating willpower. This will can break through all obstacles and achieve seemingly impossible things.

Second, connect with the world and do meaningful things.

In addition to willingness, there are ways to know the world, get close to the world, meet the world, do things, and have contact and relationship with the world, which is also a very important aspect of willpower.

In Waldorf School, teachers take their children to make dough, sweep the fallen leaves and take out the garbage. For example, one day is cleaning day.

There are some meaningful things you can do with your child, and you'd better take him to do housework. The meaningful thing itself, the good itself has a strong will, which is the result of natural selection of the population. As Freud said, the instinct of life and the instinct of death are both life-sustaining processes.

Third, establish the rhythm.

There is also a way to cultivate willpower in kindergartens, that is, teachers consciously establish rhythm and bring children into the rhythm.

The teacher repeated it intentionally or unintentionally. For example, at first, he was conscious. The teacher said, we are out. Put on your light rain boots. Over time, this became an unconscious repetition. It is also from conscious action to will action, full of emotion, which is the best.

It is very healthy for children in kindergarten to establish rhythm. One of the characteristics of man is that he can migrate, and he can apply this model to other aspects. For children, this rhythmic mode also satisfies his sense of security.

Some parents and teachers have been asking me: how to build a sense of security? I said: establish a regular life.

Fourth, you don't need much intellectual study.

One of the characteristics of kindergarten children is that they are unconscious. He doesn't have so much effort, planning and calculation, and he learns by this will. Don't read and write very strongly and tangibly at this time, even in the fifth grade, don't overemphasize this thing.

Through the experience of foreign countries 100 and domestic countries 10, we can see that there is no problem. We have learned enough, and it is still early. Of course, it does not mean that children should be blindfolded and not read. He knows some words very well. Why does the state advocate that kindergartens should not be primary? In fact, it is very meaningful and reasonable, and it is positive energy. Kindergarten in primary schools violates the laws of children's physical and mental development.

V. Integration with nature

Nature is also extremely important for children, because nature itself is an extremely powerful will.

Kindergarten children are still in the stage of physical development, the cultivation of material, body and life parts, and the cultivation of feelings and feelings.

Why are there more and more children with various symptoms? In addition, ADHD, autism, etc., because our environment is too incompatible with them, it is still a question mark whether history is backward or forward, and why?

Because the noisy environment is too irritating to children's senses, some parents take their children to disco and scare them to death. This is destroying their physical development. In a sense, this is a crime. Parents must not do this!

Pupils, especially after the age of 9, Steiner used the Rubicon River as a metaphor. In ancient Rome, no general could lead his troops across the Rubicon River without the order of the consul, otherwise it would be regarded as treason.

Steiner believes that the 9-year-old child is crossing the Rubicon River, or that the child's self is awakening. The 9-year-old crisis is the awakening of children's self-awareness, but it has not yet fully awakened. They didn't really wake up until they were 15 years old, high school or even adults.

1-2 grade children can start to study in a planned way, just like kindergarten children, but their state is unconscious, so the rhythm established by 1 grade is a kind of formative education, that is, to work with his will, his own unconsciousness and his nature.

However, children in primary school change quickly. Nine-year-old children have crossed the Rubicon River and started to own themselves, and some even committed suicide. Of course, this is a very bad phenomenon. At this time, we cultivate will education, which is to apply this sense of independence.

How to cultivate will? It is necessary to consciously repeat and remind him of one more thing. Active reminder, from conscious to unconscious.

Waldorf has handicraft classes, such as knitting, which can't be finished in one class. It may take 1-2 months. Handwork is the greatest will training. Under the guidance of teachers, it changes from conscious repetition to unconscious repetition. For example, it takes a lot of willpower to make a hat with a stick needle, one stitch at a time.

Similarly, mathematics learning should make use of this law to make it an unconscious process. For example, when learning mathematics, necessary exercises are necessary, that is, from conscious to unconscious.

As children grow up, they begin to ask slowly what is the significance of doing so. The fourth-grade child can feel whether it is fair or not, which shows his thoughts and ideas, but he is sober in the fifth and sixth grades.

If you do the problem every day, it is meaningless and will hurt your child. Why? It becomes indigestible, put in the brain and finally put in the heart, which is very bad.

So it is necessary to repeat it after the third year of high school, but you should have some understanding and tell him what it means. At this time, it is associated with soul, feeling heart, rational heart/temperament heart and conscious heart, and it is necessary to stir all aspects of the soul. At this time, as a part of the heart, it also runs through thinking.

Motivation, of course. Motivation and desire are different. Motivation is human and desire is animal. What is a person's motivation, including logic, emotion and intuition, is the primary school stage.

After the third year of high school, the cultivation of will should be linked to meaning. Higher vision, spiritual self, the spirit of life and higher decisions, such as cross-group, do not exist in the first and second grades of primary school, but may exist in high school.

Children in grades six and seven can talk about class vision together and make class rules together. The more United, the stronger the will, the easier it is to promote, implement and produce benefits. This is very important.

Why did Ma Yun talk about values from the beginning? In fact, it is not only values, but also will, which is brought out by the whole vision. At this time, the will is even greater. So in high school, give him hope.

I have a friend who is an American teacher named Waldorf. He has four children, all of whom are older. I asked him: If possible, what do you think is the most important thing for your child to do? He did not hesitate to say (this is also his regret): taking children to church is not to make them become devout Christians, but to cultivate meaning, meaning to the universe, meaning to life, let higher things support him and make a bigger vision.

Steiner said: practice is based on repetition; Artistic activities often bring happiness. Repeated artistic activities will bring people enjoyment.

Art education is sometimes repetition, and repetition is art.

How much energy does it take to draw a bigger picture? In fact, it is painting over and over again. One hour, two hours, three hours ... is to turn the spirit into a stroke, which is the embodiment of great willpower. It itself contains emotional content and has a preference. Of course, it is not a simple mechanical repetition. The purpose of becoming a work of art is beauty and harmony.

There are two views now: some people think that repetition and repetition can make an artist; Some people think that artists don't need to practice. Both views are biased. The former leads to too many artists, just repeating and not seeing the meaning. In the end, they were bored to death, just like playing the piano, and finally they didn't want to play again. The latter view holds that practice makes perfect.

Don't think that simple repetition can make you an artist, so we have countless art exams, but we haven't trained so many artists.

Confucius said: Knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy. I think there are three levels: knowledge level, liking level (emotion), happiness level (will) and emotion level.

Art is the resolute implementation of willpower and the embodiment of emotion. There are also some ideas in the middle, but the first two are more, and art is a good bridge.

Steiner said that letting children consciously repeat can promote the development of determination. Otherwise, you can only stay in the subconscious. In this way, a dynamic formula is formed, which is not as simple as saying "I did it", but a dynamic formula.

Kindergarten children are in a state of will and will. You can let him play his will, give him a regular life and develop his body.

Kindergarten children should follow the trend, and in primary school, they should be taught to repeat consciously and emotionally, cultivate their will from the perspective of meaning and encourage them to stick to it.

I often say that a person is a small water drop, which can converge into the sea, but if it is a small water drop with little willpower, it will easily dry up and the sun will disappear as soon as it is exposed. In a big way, if it is merged, it will not be sunburned. There is another more important thing here, that is, willpower is the consciousness of the universe.

The example of the sea I cited earlier and the example of the water I cited later, as Lao Tzu said, everything is Tao. Imagine the huge picture of the universe, expansion and contraction, all as a whole. (End)

Author: Li, tutor of master's degree in education, principal of Chengdu Waldorf School, was awarded "Time Expert" by Tencent Education on 20 15. If you need to reprint, please contact the authorization.