He emphasized the authoritative role of teachers in education, and thought that teachers should be the center of teaching activities and the master of teaching process, and students' learning should be carried out around teachers' educational and teaching tasks. Herbart particularly emphasized the position of teachers and put forward "teacher center, teaching material center and classroom center".
About Herbart
In Herbart's view, pedagogy can only become a science on the basis of scientific theory, while ethics and psychology should be the theoretical basis of pedagogy, in which ethics points out the purpose of pedagogy and psychology is the method and way to implement pedagogy.
(1) Morality
Herbart attaches great importance to the establishment and cultivation of moral norms, and thinks that the reason why people tend to be good and avoid evil is mainly due to the establishment of moral concepts, so how to deal with the relationship between people is finally determined as five moral concepts, namely, inner freedom, perfection, kindness, justice and fairness.
(2) Psychology
Herbart believes that concept is the most basic element of people's psychological activities, so psychology is the science of studying concepts. It can be said that he was the first educator in western history to study psychology as an independent discipline.
The old and new ideas in people's minds can be assimilated and related to each other, thus forming new ideas on the original basis. He called this process "apperception", so the teaching process is mainly apperception.