The Primary School of Early Childhood Education Part I: Causes and Countermeasures of Early Childhood Education Abstract: Early childhood education is an integral part of China's basic education, and its quality directly affects children's development. However, in recent years, the tendency of primary school, which goes against the characteristics of children's physical and mental development and educational laws, has become increasingly serious, endangering children's growth and the healthy development of early childhood education. This paper aims to reflect on the present situation of preschool education, explore its causes, analyze its harm, and then put forward improvement countermeasures.
Keywords: early childhood education; Primary school; Countermeasures
The so-called preschool education refers to the educational phenomenon that kindergartens apply the school-running purpose, educational concept, curriculum resources, teaching mode, management methods, evaluation methods and teaching norms of primary education to preschool education in the process of preschool teaching practice, so that the content of primary education tends to be routine, nationalized and popularized. The growth characteristics and development laws of people in different periods are different, and the corresponding education models and management methods should also be different. Early childhood education is an educational tendency of quick success and instant benefit, which is not only not conducive to the cultivation of children's basic knowledge, but also affects their future development.
First, the current situation of preschool education tends to be primary school.
1. Teaching content? Elementary school? . It is clearly pointed out in the outline that the content of kindergarten education should be comprehensive and enlightening, which can be divided into five fields: health, society, language, art and science. Some kindergartens can teach pinyin, Chinese characters, reading English, addition and subtraction, etc. For example, some kindergartens ignore children's development level, learn the contents of primary schools in advance, and even choose textbooks for the lower grades of primary schools, taking cultural knowledge as the main learning object of children. In pinyin, children are required to master initials and finals, and can spell and write; In terms of calculation, children are required to add and subtract larger numbers; In learning Chinese characters, children are required to read and write. This is inconsistent with the education and teaching content of kindergartens.
2. Teaching form? Elementary school? . Some kindergarten teachers behave like primary school teachers in the process of education, and children behave like primary school students in their studies. The most typical performance is that children sit up and listen, and the teacher is always in the state of explanation.
Second, the causes of the phenomenon of early childhood education in primary schools
? Rome was not built in a day? There are many reasons for the phenomenon of preschool education.
1. Parents' wrong evaluation of their children's development. Since ancient times, parents have hoped that their children will succeed, and they all hope that their children will be smarter and better than others' children. Based on this, parents' wishes and needs have a great impetus to children's primary education. With the development of society and economy, parents pay more and more attention to their children's education. Early educational determinism? Influenced by the viewpoint, it is unilaterally believed that the earlier preschool education is, the better, and the more teaching content is, the better. Therefore, it is customary to judge the quality of kindergartens by how many words children know and how many they can count. In order to cater to parents' psychology, many kindergarten teaching tasks mainly emphasize the number of Chinese characters, the number of ancient poems, addition and subtraction within 10 and so on. , and put forward specific requirements. The assessment of teachers' teaching effect in kindergartens is also the main basis for evaluating teachers' teaching quality. Parents' utilitarian concept of early childhood education is the catalyst for early childhood education to be primary school.
2. Kindergarten is a big class. Public kindergartens are relatively standardized and have low fees, which are favored by many parents. However, the number of public parks is small and the scale is not large, and everyone wants to go. Have you noticed that when the kindergarten enrolls students, there is a long queue at the entrance of the kindergarten. Therefore, many children are enrolled in kindergartens, resulting in large classes in kindergartens. According to the standard, the number of children in each class should not exceed 35, but some kindergartens enroll more than 50 students. It is very difficult to play games in such a big class. Some teachers are afraid to take the responsibility of safety, save trouble and worry, and let students sit in their seats and teach according to the methods of primary schools. Some private kindergartens have only one teacher in each class in order to save costs. Has it been implemented? Elementary school? It is the most energy-saving and safest.
3. The bondage of teachers' concept and professional quality. According to the author's investigation, the composition of preschool teachers is mainly divided into several categories: the first category, recruiting some people with only junior high school or high school education to teach, or because of the shortage of preschool teachers, many college students majoring in preschool education are recruited before graduation, which accounts for a large proportion of preschool teachers. Recently, the training of preschool teachers is insufficient and the investment is seriously insufficient. The educational concept and professional quality of such teachers have not been changed and improved for a long time. The second category is the kindergarten teachers whose primary school teachers change jobs. Because they have been engaged in primary education for a long time, what should they do when they come to engage in pre-school education? Elementary school? Education has become their specialty. The third category is to recruit a small number of college graduates who are not kindergarten teachers. These young teachers, who have just graduated from school and have little practical experience, already have some? Conformity? Psychology, will naturally follow suit, go? Elementary school? Education team.
4. The influence of exam-oriented education. Early childhood education in China is an organic part of basic education, and its nature is universality rather than selectivity. But for a long time, under the examination-oriented education mode in China, the examination system and continuing education system with knowledge evaluation as the mainstream have been formed. Many high-quality public primary schools have conducted entrance examinations or interviews for high-quality educational resources. Faced with these enrollment pressures, kindergartens have become preparatory classes for primary schools, which is an extension of primary education to early childhood.
Three. Countermeasures and suggestions
1. Parents need to adjust the educational concept of educating their children and consider the long-term development of their children. Scientific early childhood education is based on the scientific view of children. As parents, we should improve our understanding of early childhood education, learn the scientific knowledge of early childhood education through the internet, books, lectures by early childhood experts and so on, and dilute it. Want to succeed as soon as possible? A utilitarian mentality. At the same time, kindergartens should organize various forms of parents' participation activities to guide parents to realize what kind of education is scientific and suitable for young children. First, give full play to the role of parents' schools, and through a series of professional educational knowledge learning, supplemented by some examples, let parents see that the way of quick success and instant benefit is not conducive to their children's long-term development. Second, hold more open activities such as parents' open days or other forms to attract parents' participation. Through various activities, parents can really feel the gradual improvement of their children's emotions, attitudes and abilities, and firmly believe in the authority of kindergartens in educating children, so as to actively cooperate with kindergartens to educate their children with correct educational concepts. Thirdly, in view of some hot topics and educational difficulties that parents are interested in, parents' forums, teachers' forums and other activities are held irregularly. Let parents establish a scientific educational attitude and long-term vision, let parents and kindergartens reach a consensus on early childhood education, and let kindergartens constantly change the practice of primary education.
2. Strengthening the improvement of preschool teachers' professional quality also plays a positive role in preventing the tendency of primary school curriculum. Preschool teachers should change the old and inflexible teaching methods and boldly try to create new, intuitive, concrete, interesting and exciting methods. Local training institutions should strengthen the professional management and training of teachers, and strengthen the close relationship between preschool education majors and kindergartens in colleges and universities. Earnestly study the spirit of the Outline, completely reverse the educational ideas of all kindergarten teachers, keep pace with the times, and make them meet the needs of quality education in kindergartens. For new teachers transferred from primary schools or other majors, because new teachers will inevitably encounter difficulties and don't know how to proceed, we should give them professional support at this time. This kind of support can come from kindergarten directors, teaching directors and other managers, but also from experts outside the park. Giving full play to the role of backbone teachers in preschool education can help new teachers adapt to the needs of preschool quality education in educational concepts and methods. Kindergartens should also create a strong teaching and research atmosphere, build the teaching and research group into the cradle of teachers' growth and the base of job training, and build a platform for teachers' growth. By improving teachers' professional quality and the quality of preschool education, we can overcome preschool education in concept and practice. Therefore, teachers should keep learning and improve their professional quality and guidance skills. Only in this way can we ensure the healthy development of preschool education and children have a bright future.
3. Further strengthen the guidance, supervision and management of kindergartens by the education department, and control the class size. The attitude of the education department largely determines the orientation of social evaluation of kindergartens. Therefore, the education department should further strengthen the guidance, supervision and management of kindergartens. In the evaluation of preschool education and professional title, it is necessary to examine whether his educational thought is correct and whether there is a phenomenon of primary school in preschool education, which is linked to the annual evaluation and professional title evaluation. It is necessary to strengthen the annual evaluation mechanism, adjust the kindergarten evaluation standards during the annual evaluation and certification of kindergartens, admonish or warn kindergartens with serious tendency of primary school education, and demand rectification within a time limit. If the rectification does not meet the requirements, the kindergarten qualification will be cancelled. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of kindergartens through unannounced visits, regular discussions and accepting complaints. We should always guide the education and teaching of kindergartens, strengthen the training of kindergarten teachers, and ask kindergartens to correct the purpose of running parks. In addition, for large classes in kindergartens, it is necessary to strictly control the class size, pay close attention to the norms of running kindergartens, strengthen supervision, and introduce relevant policies to strictly control the class size to ensure the level of education management and ensure the healthy growth of children.
Author: Zhang Yujun Unit: Guangzhou Garrison Kindergarten.
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