Introduction to special education
Education designed (provided) to meet the learning needs of children with special needs is called special education. June 1994 Organized by UNESCO? World Congress on Special Needs Education? The Salamanca Declaration adopted says: Every child has his own unique characteristics, interests, abilities and learning needs; The design of education system and the implementation of education plan should take into account the wide differences of these characteristics and needs. ? The education of different kinds of special children can be divided into blind children's education, deaf children's education, mentally retarded children's education, extraordinary children's education, speech-impaired children's education, emotional and behavioral disorders' education, multiple disabled children's education and so on. The main spirit of special education is to consider the individual differences within each child and between individuals.
The goal of special education
The target range of special education also varies according to the situation of each country or region, and some countries or regions have put forward? Zero rejection? The goal is that all disabled children should receive free compulsory education that suits their needs. All kinds of public schools at all levels shall provide education and related services for disabled children, and shall not refuse their admission for any reason. Special education in China is mainly for children and adolescents who are blind, deaf, dumb, mentally retarded and have other physical and mental defects. There are schools for the blind and deaf, schools for the mentally retarded or classes for disabled children, classes for mentally retarded children and work-study schools. China's constitution, compulsory education and regulations on education for the disabled all clearly stipulate that the state guarantees the right to education for the disabled? 、? Compulsory education for disabled children and adolescents? .
Special education and general education have a lot in common, and the general laws of general education are also applicable to special education, but special education also has its own special side. Like general education, it not only educates students in morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, but also emphasizes the education of making up for defects and developing advantages, such as teaching blind children to learn Braille and directional walking, training deaf children's listening and language, and educating mentally retarded children's sensory perception and motor ability. Special education pays more attention to early education, because the younger children are, the greater their plasticity is, and they can also protect the residual vision and hearing of disabled children as soon as possible and develop their intelligence and language ability. If you miss the best period, you will often get twice the result with half the effort. If early language training is not carried out for deaf children, it will bring great difficulties to future language development. Compared with general education, special education pays more attention to individualized education and emphasizes teaching students in accordance with their aptitude to meet the special needs of different students. Suzhou education department has put forward higher goals and requirements for special education. Teaching on demand? . To achieve good results, special education must be organically combined with social education and family education. Therefore, special education also emphasizes the concept of big education and the integrity and systematicness of education.
In China, there are generally three forms of education for disabled children: special education schools, special education classes attached to ordinary schools and other institutions, and regular classes in ordinary schools. Most disabled children study in ordinary classes in ordinary schools.
Note: A disabled person refers to a person who is mentally, physically or physically disabled or abnormal in some organization or function, and completely or partially loses the ability to engage in some activities in a normal way. Disabled people include people with visual disabilities, hearing disabilities, speech disabilities, physical disabilities, intellectual disabilities, mental disabilities, multiple disabilities and other disabilities (autism, cerebral palsy, language barriers, mental retardation, etc.). ).
Significance of special education
That is, education aimed at meeting the special learning needs of special children.
The goal of special education is to help children with special education gradually adapt to the least restrictive environment, so that they can participate in learning activities in ordinary schools as much as possible with normal children, thus achieving the goal of adapting to normal life.
From seeking help to living in social care, the disabled are like a cold wind in Leng Xue after a cold winter, suddenly welcoming the warm sunshine in spring. They feel extremely lucky, grateful and uneasy. They look at themselves in their hearts, and society gives me love. Is it necessary to be a catcher? What is true love? Love is sincere dedication, enthusiastic acceptance, mutual respect and shoulder-to-shoulder resistance. Nobody asked anyone to do it, and the person who did it didn't ask anything. In the process of transmitting love, everything in the world becomes equal and ordinary! Return love with love, convey love with love, and inspire love with love. Only in this way can everything around us become beautiful. When you meet the truth, all the abyss of suffering will be filled. Suffering, illness and torture will only create a more confident and stronger person, and only they can understand that dedication will slow people down in the torrent, make people more determined in hesitation and satisfy them in expectation. Personally, although my material life is not enough, I have never been empty or dissatisfied. In my world, the word hope will fill every nerve and every cell, and persistence will become the permanent motivation of hope. I will try my best to feel everything around me, even a ray of fresh air, even a trace of flowers, even a bird song. I know it exists for me. I want to enjoy everything that nature has given me, and I want to live more meaningfully. You must ask me, why is this? Are you tired of real life? Or has it fallen far behind the reality and has to be a utopian spiritual pursuer? There are both right and wrong answers. I think it is also the pursuit of life to watch the fertile soil of peace, stay away from the noisy struggle and entertain yourself. Let's not go with the flow, ignoring too many beautiful things in human nature and too many bright spots worth promoting! After a pause, you will have time to think; With thinking, there is love. ? Love gives everything. ? At this moment, I am actively engaged in the cause of love, dedicated to those friends who are full of ideals, love and unwilling to do anything, so that each of us can gather a little love into an energy with unlimited potential and push the world forward in a brighter direction.
Special education promotion plan
Development and Reform Commission of Ministry of Education, Ministry of Civil Affairs and Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Health and Family Planning Commission China Disabled Persons' Federation
I. Significance The development of special education is an important content to promote educational equity and realize educational modernization, an important measure to adhere to the people-oriented principle and carry forward the humanitarian spirit, and an important task to safeguard and improve people's livelihood and build a harmonious socialist society. Since the new century, especially in recent years, China's special education has made great progress, government investment at all levels has increased significantly, the popularization level of compulsory education for disabled children and adolescents has improved significantly, and the scale of running special education in non-compulsory education has been expanding, basically achieving the goal of setting up a special education school independently in counties with a population of more than 300,000, and disabled students are given priority in the national student aid system. However, on the whole, the overall level of special education in China is not high and the development is unbalanced. The popularization rate of compulsory education for disabled children and adolescents in rural areas is not high, the development level of special education in non-compulsory education stage is low, the conditions for running special education schools need to be improved, the number of special education teachers and rehabilitation professionals is insufficient, and the professional level needs to be improved. Therefore, we must speed up the development of special education, improve the level of special education, further protect the right of disabled people to receive education, help them develop in an all-round way, better integrate into society, and let the majority of disabled people share the fruits of reform and development. Two hundred years? Realize the goal of a happy life and the Chinese dream.