Educators carry out purposeful, systematic and organized education and training on the mental development of educatees according to laws, regulations and industry norms, according to school conditions and professional titles, and use existing experience and knowledge to teach people, explain various phenomena, problems or behaviors for them, and improve their practical ability. Basically, it is to look at things with a relatively mature or rational thinking. The following is a detailed explanation of the structure and function of education, which I carefully arranged. I hope it helps you!
Educational structure
1. Structure of educational activities
(1) educator
Educators are the main body of educational practice. Educators exert certain educational influence through their own activities and promote the physical and mental development of the educated. Educators are the designers of educational activities, as well as the makers and implementers of educational objectives, contents, methods and organizational forms. Its basic characteristics are dominance and social representation.
(2) educated people
Educated people are the objects of educational practice (educational individuals). As the object of education, it develops under the influence and guidance of educators, and only people can become the object of education.
(3) Educational measures
Educational measures are the implementation means and methods of educational practice activities, and are the sum of the influences on the educated and the activities and methods that make use of these influences. It includes educational tools, educational contents, educational methods and educational organization forms.
2. Structure of the education system
The structure of education system refers to the proportional relationship and combination of all parts of the whole educational institution. The structure of the education system is multi-level and multi-faceted:
① Education level. It consists of preschool education, primary education, secondary education and higher education.
② Educational type structure. It consists of general education, professional education and special education.
③ Form and structure of running a school. It consists of full-time, part-time (agricultural) and part-time schools, amateur schools, correspondence schools, publishing schools, broadcasting schools and television schools.
④ Educational management system structure. It consists of public, private, social organizations, enterprises and institutions and private schools.
(B) the function of education
1. Personal development function and social development function
This is classified from the object of educational function. Education has both individual development function and social development function. The function of individual development refers to the role of education in individual survival and development. The function of social development refers to the role of education in maintaining social operation and promoting social change and development.
2. Positive and negative functions
This is divided from the nature of educational function, which is also called positive function and negative function. Positive function refers to the positive and good effects produced by educational function, while negative function refers to the negative and bad consequences produced by educational function.
This pair of concepts was first put forward by American sociologist Merton. In the 1950s. Merton divided social function according to its nature and form, and got the concept of positive and negative function. At the same time, he also got another pair of important concepts, namely explicit-implicit function. Chaiye Changshan, a Japanese educational sociologist, introduced these two concepts into the field of education and conceived a theoretical analysis framework about the educational function of schools.
3. Dominant function and recessive function
This is divided from the presentation form of educational function, and the dominant function of education is the consistent result of education in actual operation according to educational purposes. For example, promoting people's all-round harmonious development and social progress is the expression of explicit educational function. The recessive function of education is an unexpected function accompanied by the dominant function. For example, education replicates existing social relations, reproduces social inequality, and schools take care of children, all of which are manifestations of hidden functions. The difference between overt and covert is relative. Once the hidden potential function is consciously developed and utilized, it becomes an explicit educational function.
Differences between China and the West
Western education is mainly based on humanistic thought, which cultivates people's practical ability and analytical ability from an early age. Encourage freedom of thought and be responsible for your words and deeds. The teacher's role is mainly to guide students and often discuss problems together like friends. For students' problems, always refer to the library, so that students can find information and judge for themselves, and try not to affect students' independent thinking. The homework that primary school students in Europe and America often do is the experimental report. What did you study, how did you do it, what did you observe, what were the results and conclusions, and what documents did you refer to? The research objects and problems are very small, often just the rolling of a pencil, the dissolution of sugar and salt and so on. What matters is not the size, but the way! )。 It protects the root of human creativity to the greatest extent-freedom and autonomy of thought. I think that the reason why human beings are in a dominant position in this world is because of their creativity! Man creates tools and uses them. Among the known creatures, only humans and chimpanzees have the behavior of creating tools. This is the main reason why most modern inventions and discoveries appeared in the West. Similarly, it also has shortcomings and limitations. It pays attention to analysis and lacks the cultivation of comprehensive thinking ability. Analysis is like a light. Once the direction is determined, it will go step by step and rarely reflect on the starting point. It "likes the new and hates the old", attaches importance to individual innovation, and often ignores individual accumulation of existing knowledge. The Secretary of Education of the United States also said: "The education in our country is a complete failure, and we have turned people into meat machines." This is because western education lacks the cultivation of comprehensive thinking ability and lateral thinking ability (lateral thinking-the fundamental difference between people and computers, such as: having ten dollars and one dollar, which one to take? Take ten pieces or one piece for the answer, that is, think vertically; Answer all or nothing, that is, lateral thinking).
The main body of education in China has always been expressed through Confucianism. Because Confucianism has the idea of "loyalty and filial piety", those in power mainly entrust education to Confucianism for the sake of ruling interests. Whether the state administration is also based on Confucianism is another matter. (Han and Tang dynasties, both "use Huang Lao internally and respect Confucianism externally"; The Song Dynasty respected literati, but did not take Confucianism as the sole criterion, otherwise those ministers who often joked with the emperor would have been "pointed" by Confucianism; The Yuan Dynasty was invaded by foreign countries with blood and tears. The Ming Dynasty followed Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, which was only a branch of Confucianism. I don't want to discuss the most ignorant and hateful Manchu here, so as not to ruin my good mood. ) This kind of education pays attention to comprehensiveness and immanence, and accumulates the known knowledge. Therefore, it means "reviewing the past and learning the new" and is good at thinking in many directions. Kung fu is beyond poetry. Its disadvantage is that it imprisons the freedom of thought to a certain extent, which makes people lack creativity, organization and systematicness, and is not accurate enough. Students often aim too high, thinking that they already know the general outline of things, and so do the rest, refusing to study and analyze the details of things in a down-to-earth way. This is one of the reasons why there were no great inventions and discoveries after the Song Dynasty.
Modern education in China experienced the impact of western educational methods, and there was a situation of coexistence of opposites. In other words, it was a strong collision between Chinese and western ideas, and the difference in educational methods only reflected the differences. Therefore, there are "foreign control" and "takenism". Sticking to self is also a way. In Taiwan Province Province and Southeast Asia, there are very successful examples of using China's traditional education. They have always insisted on moral education and trained many outstanding talents. Successful education is to cultivate most outstanding citizens, not a few rare celebrities or scientists. Whether a country is strong or not depends on the quality of most citizens themselves. However, there are still many problems in China's current education system, especially in the university stage, the essence of quality education can not be well reflected, and students are more a form of taking exams.
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