1, the meaning of adolescent abuse and negligence
The meaning of adolescent abuse and negligence can refer to the definition of child abuse and negligence, and will not be repeated here.
2. Family characteristics of abused teenagers.
(1) Parent type. Parents usually have two types: acceptance-responsibility (child-centered) and rejection-irresponsibility (parent-centered) (Wolfe, 1987). Rejecting parents is also often called authority, which is considered to be related to the occurrence of adolescent abuse. Authoritative parents are not sensitive to their children's abilities, emotional needs, interests and self-esteem needs. They rely on power, threats and punishment to control their children. The influence of this kind of parents on children is that children tend to retreat socially, lack active and spontaneous behavior, and lack emotion and curiosity for their peers.
Domestic abuse usually manifests itself as violence between family members, including intergenerational abuse patterns. Therefore, the parental model can be regarded as the adaptive challenge of parents to their children under the influence of the previous generation.
(2) family pressure. If the family has enough support, the abuse pattern may stop, but if it is under pressure or repeated crises, the abuse pattern may reappear.
Some families live under excessive pressure, and each pressure will lead to another. For example, illness will lead to long-term unemployment and poverty. Some families cope with stress by breaking down or attacking outwards. At this time, the main goal of social work is to reduce the pressure on families and increase resources to restore balance and consolidate families. Based on this concept, social workers must be ready to provide various services to families at any time before they can provide effective intervention. These services include telephone consultation, emergency day care, emergency foster care and shelter care, 24-hour youth protection hotline, long-term mental health service and environmental renovation service.
(3) Mental diagnosis. Generally speaking, abusive parents have more emotional irregularities (familiaro, Barnum,&; Si Tong, 1986). For example, abusive parents generally have bipolar disorder, severe depression and alcoholism.
(4) Environmental variables. Insufficient family income has a high correlation with poor living environment and abuse.
Secondly, the behavior and psychological reaction of the victims of abuse of teenagers.
Abuse and negligence pose a great threat to the growth of teenagers. When teenagers are subjected to long-term or serious abuse or neglect, they usually have the following reactions:
1, identity attack.
2. Neural and functional adaptation. Such as overthinking, compulsion or fearful behavior.
3. Silence. They think they should be responsible for the events that caused them confusion.
4. Mental illness. They accept their parents' morbid worldview and live in a state of semi-mental confusion.
5. depressed. I often blame myself.
6. indifference. Refuse to exist.
7. Revenge. Heal wounds with intrigue and tit for tat.
8. rebellion.
9, looking for. Seek a sense of security from other places or other means.
10, precocious. Become a precocious little adult.
Fourthly, social work intervention of abused teenagers.
1, individual counseling for abused teenagers
Personal counseling is the first step for social work to intervene in abused teenagers. The goal, content or direction of counseling can be roughly developed around the following aspects:
(1) Understanding-Let teenagers know that they are victims and that they are often afraid to admit their true feelings.
(2) Objection to the original self-when they learn that they are victims, they will begin to experience pain and true feelings; In the process of consultation, let them experience these feelings repeatedly.
(3) Silence-when new feelings and epiphany appear, teenagers will begin to feel responsible in some places (whether negative or positive); For some reason, they think "I asked for it".
(4) Despair-when counseling is going on, they begin to realize that their childhood is different from others; In a childhood different from others, I usually feel lost.
(5) Re-evaluation of relationships-Young clients who were abused in childhood will seek integrity and interpersonal relationships to meet their interpersonal needs.
(6) Facing-When teenagers can face emotions, they are ready to face the perpetrators.
(7) Reconstruction-Encourage young customers to have more contact with others.
2. Family counseling for abused teenagers
There are many social work methods to intervene in the families of abused teenagers, such as family therapy, individual counseling for parents of abused teenagers, and groups of abused parents. Among them, family maintenance services and family reconstruction projects are now widely used in family counseling for abused teenagers.
There are three levels of social work services to support families (residential builders, 1989), which are:
(1) Social-based services to help and support adults to play the role of parents;
(2) Family-centered services, providing various services to stabilize the family situation (such as case management, consultation, counseling or treatment, educational skills, advocacy and substantive services);
(3) Intensive family-centered services provided when children need to be taken away.
Homebuilder refers to "an intensive family crisis counseling and life skills education program in families, aiming at preventing the unnecessary disintegration of problem families and reducing the placement of teenagers in the public care system". Family reconstruction is based on the belief that "one's own family is the growth environment for children and adolescents" (Homebuilders, 1990).
When implementing social work services oriented to family reconstruction, we need some skills, such as: evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of families, changing the environment, planning goals, setting time limits, signing contracts with families, teaching special life or social skills, intervening in times of crisis, cooperating with families within families, and personalized services catering to family needs.
3. Environmental intervention of abused teenagers and helpers who use nature.
Natural helpers (such as friends, relatives and neighbors) in the direct environment of the family are good resources that can be contacted and utilized, and they have more contact with the family than practitioners. Organizations and natural helpers in the direct environment of use cases are one of the resources to promote positive changes among abused teenagers and their families. Another advantage of natural helpers compared with professionals or volunteers is that they usually keep in touch with their families after the help relationship ends.
4. Medical intervention of abused teenagers.
The case of abused teenagers raises complex social psychological and legal issues, which require medical, legal, psychological and other professional skills to help together. The contents of medical intervention for abused teenagers include: setting up adolescent abuse intervention group in pediatrics or emergency room, carrying out first-aid response, clinical service without appointment, and psychological evaluation of sexually abused teenagers and their families. In addition, doctors' consulting services are needed to assist the management of teenagers and their families, and to help managers deal with the anxiety of sexual abuse and other abuse cases. In addition, there should be a special clinic where practitioners can evaluate the quality of young people's ability to cope with stress and trauma, as well as the impact after the report. At the same time, it also cooperates with the juvenile protection agency, so that once the case owner enters the pediatric emergency room, it can be used to remind medical staff that there may be abuse of the juvenile case owner. This assessment is conducted under the joint supervision of social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists and other related professionals.