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The first to ninth are recording styles, and the tenth is dialogue styles. The ten items compiled here are selected from Learning Politics, Establishing People, Shure, Taber, Zi Han and Wei Linggong.
1. Confucius said, "Why don't you say something when you learn it?" Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Ignorance and dissatisfaction are not gentlemen? "(Learning)
2. Zeng Zi said: "I am in three provinces. I am (xǐng): Is it unfaithful to others? Don't believe in making friends? Can't you learn? " ("learning")
3. Confucius said: "Review the past and learn the new, so you can be a teacher." (Politics)
4. Confucius said: "Learning without thinking is useless (w m 4 ng), thinking without learning is dangerous (dài)." (Politics)
5. Confucius said, "Your daughter (rǔ) knows it! Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, but knowing. " (Politics)
6. Confucius said: "See the sage Si Qi Yan, see the sage and introspect (xǐng)." ("Li Ren")
7. Confucius said, "In a threesome, there must be a teacher. Choose good and follow it, but change it if it is not good. " ("Shu Er")
8. Ceng Zi said: "Scholars have a long way to go to strive for self-improvement. Isn't it important to think that benevolence is your responsibility? Isn't it far after death? " ("Taber")
9. Confucius said, "Cold tells the decline of pine and cypress." ("Zi Han (h m 4 n)")
10. Zi Gong asked: "Who can walk for life without saying a word?"
Confucius said, "I forgive you! Don't do to others what you don't want. " (Wei Linggong)
First: learning methods
Confucius said, "It's better to keep pace with the times, isn't it? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? People don't know or care (yùn), aren't they gentlemen? " ("learning")
Confucius said, "Why not study and review on time? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? People don't know me, but I'm not angry. Isn't that a man of moral cultivation? "
Keyword explanation: (1) Zi: Sir, it refers to Confucius. In ancient China, the title of respect for a man with status and knowledge was sometimes called a man. "Confucius" in The Analects of Confucius refers to Confucius. Confucius (55 BC1-479), named Zhong Ni, was born in the Spring and Autumn Period (now Qufu, Shandong). He was a thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in ancient China.
(2) Learning: The "learning" mentioned by Confucius here mainly refers to learning the traditional cultural classics such as rites, music and books in the Western Zhou Dynasty.
(3) Time study: review on time. During the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, the word "Shi" was used as an adverb, meaning "at a certain time" or "at an appropriate time". However, Zhu interpreted "time" as "constant" in his book The Analects of Confucius. "Xi" refers to exercises, rituals and music; Comment on poetry and books. It also means review, internship and practice.
(4) Say: the common word, the sound yuè, is actually an archaic word of "Yue", which means pleasure.
(5) Friends: There were differences between friends and friends in ancient times: classmates (teachers) were friends and comrades were friends.
(6) Music: different from talking. The old note said that joy is in the heart and joy is outside.
(7) People don't know: This sentence is incomplete, and there is nothing that people don't know. Missing object. Generally speaking, knowing is understanding. People don't know, that is, others don't know themselves.
(8) Yu: Pinyin: yü n, angry, angry.
(9) Gentleman: a person with moral cultivation.
Explanation of supplementary words:
And: conjunction. Example: always study.
Example of turning point: people don't know and don't care.
I (y): The same is true.
Tribal tiger: mood particle, interrogative mood, which can be translated as "horse"
Self: from.
Know: I understand.
Understanding of this paragraph:
1 This sentence is about learning methods. For knowledge, "learning" is only a cognitive process and "learning" is a consolidation process. In order to acquire more knowledge, it is necessary to unify "learning" with "learning".
The second sentence is about the fun of learning. Visiting like-minded people can enhance friendship, learn from each other and improve together.
The third sentence is about attitude. "People don't know", followed by the object "Zhi", can be translated as "I" or "myself"
The second one: dealing with people.
Ceng Zi said, "I (wú) live in three provinces (xǐng) every day. I (wú) was unfaithful to (wèi)? Don't believe in making friends? Chuán is not used to it? " ("learning")
Ceng Zi said: "I will reflect on myself many times every day: Have I tried my best to work for others? Is it sincere and frank to associate with friends? Have you reviewed what the teacher taught you? "
Keyword explanation:
(1) Ceng Zi: Ceng Zi, surnamed Yu Zi, was born from 505 BC to 436 BC. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Nanwucheng (now a native of Feixian County, Shandong Province) of the State of Lu was a descendant of the Sui Dynasty, which was destroyed by the State of Lu. Zeng Shen is a proud pupil of Confucius and is famous for his dutiful son. It is said that he wrote the Book of Filial Piety.
(2) Three provinces (xǐng): more introspection. Note: There are several explanations in the three provinces: First, repeated inspection; The second is to check from many aspects. In fact, in ancient times, adding numbers before verbs with actions meant that there were many actions, which did not have to be recognized as three times. Three: refers to many times. Conduct self-examination and introspection many times.
(3) loyalty: the old note said: loyalty. We should do our best here.
(4) letter: the old note says: the believer is sincere. Believe in honesty. People are required to keep faith with each other according to etiquette rules to adjust the relationship between people. It means: sincere and frank.
(5) Pass it on: Pass it on (verb as noun). The old note says: "It was passed on by the teacher. The teacher taught himself Learning, like the word "learning while learning", refers to review, practice, exercise and so on.
Explanation of supplementary words:
Wu: Me.
Day: Every day.
Three: Many times.
Province: check and reflect.
Pro: Pro.
Ask: plan.
Loyalty: Do my best.
Faith: honesty
Biography: knowledge imparted by teachers.
Third: learning methods.
Confucius said, "Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher." (Politics)
Confucius said: "Reviewing what you have learned can gain new insights and experiences, and you can learn from them."
Key words explanation: Note: This chapter has two explanations for "reviewing the past and learning the new". One is "review the past and learn the new": review what you have heard and gain new insights from it; The second is to "review the past and learn the new": on the one hand, we should review the stories of laws and regulations, on the other hand, we should strive to acquire new knowledge.
I think it may be more complete to combine these two solutions: within my ability, read the classics as widely as possible, think over their meanings repeatedly, and review what I have heard regularly to gain experience and understanding; And strive to absorb new knowledge; In this way, we can expand the field of human knowledge, and closing the door can also give the sages the meaning of the wisdom era. It can be called "reviewing the past and knowing the new", blending the old and the new, and blending the ancient and the present.
Some scholars believe that it is not appropriate to review the past and learn the new, because literally, only absorbing ancient and modern knowledge without understanding experience is like a buyer and seller of knowledge, not a teacher. So let's look at the meaning of "teacher" first. In the Analects of Confucius, you can find the word "teacher" in chapter 14, which has the same meaning as today's teachers.
So: old knowledge (adjectives are used as nouns).
And: conjunction, indicating inheritance, but
Know: comprehend.
Yes, you can.
Relying on: relying on.
In favour: as.
Another word explains:
Review the past and learn the new (idiom):
Please be careful not to review the past and learn the new.
Commentary: text: review; So: old. Review old knowledge and gain new knowledge and experience. It also refers to recalling the past to better understand the present.
From: "The Analects of Confucius for Politics": "Reviewing the past and learning new things can be a teacher." Han Bangu's "Ode to the East": "It is rare to know new difficulties by reviewing old ones."
Example: ~ is an important method in learning.
Grammar: linkage; As predicate and attribute; For study, work or other purposes.
Fourthly, the dialectical relationship between learning and thinking.
Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." (Politics)
Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is a waste of time and you are at a loss. If you think without learning, you will be confused and not get it. "
Keyword explanation:
And: conjunction, indicating a turning point.
Then: conjunctions are equivalent to "JIU" and "Bian".
Wang (w m 4 ng): Tong "Wang" means to feel confused and at a loss.
Dài: The meaning here is harmful. Intention: danger.
This paragraph talks about the dialectical relationship between learning and thinking, and thinks that they should not be neglected.
Fifth: learning attitude
Confucius said, "Why not teach your daughter to read? Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, but knowing. " (Politics)
Confucius said, "Zhong You, let the teacher teach you the attitude of knowing and not knowing!" Knowing is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing. This is very clever. "
1, teach women to know!
Teach you the correct attitude of knowing or not knowing! (Yang Bojun, The Analects of Confucius)
2, prostitutes know!
Let me tell you what knowledge is! (Li Zehou, "reading of the analects of confucius")
3, prostitutes know!
I'll teach you how to calculate, you know! (Qian Mu's New Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius)
4. Hey, what do women know?
Education (teaching), you know? (nan huaijin's Analects of Confucius)
5. What do you know about your niece?
Do you know everything I taught you? (Xu Zhigang's Interpretation of The Analects)
6, prostitutes know!
(I) taught you, (you) understand! (Full Interpretation of Middle School Students' Textbooks in Xue Jinxing)
7. Let me teach you. Do you understand this truth? (Yang Rungen, Discovering the Analects of Confucius)
Confucius said, "Zhong You, teach you the attitude of knowing and not knowing: knowing is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing-this is wisdom."
Keyword explanation:
Female: The common word "female" means "you", you.
Zhi: The word "Zhi" means "Zhi": smart and clever.
One: what Confucius taught.
Teach: teach, teach.
Hu: Phonetic auxiliary words.
Author: Zhong Youzi (Luz) (542 ~ 480 BC) was born in Bianqiao Village, Quanlin Town, surabaya county City, Shandong Province in the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius is a proud student and is famous for his political affairs.
Understanding of this paragraph: Confucius said this sentence means to be cautious in words and deeds and not to exaggerate his knowledge and skills. Be honest and modest, don't pretend to understand.
Sixth: learning attitude
Confucius said, "If you don't do it, you will be introspective." ("Li Ren")
Confucius said: "when you see a talented person (a person with both ability and political integrity), learn from him and hope to be on an equal footing with him;" When you see a person who is not virtuous, you should reflect on whether you have the same shortcomings as him and correct them. "
Keyword explanation:
Thinking: Hope, thinking.
Province: refers to reflecting on whether the same problem exists.
Qi: alignment
Xian: A person with both ability and political integrity.
Yan: modal particles at the end of the sentence
Understanding of this paragraph: learn from everyone and pay attention to learning anytime and anywhere. Learn with an open mind, learn from others and learn from each other's strengths.
Seventh: learning attitude
Confucius said: "In a threesome, there must be a teacher. Choose good and follow it, but change it if it is not good. " ("Shu Er")
Confucius said, "When several people walk together, one of them can be my teacher. We should choose their strengths to learn. If we see their shortcomings, we should reflect on whether we have the same shortcomings as them. If it is, it should be corrected together. "
Keyword explanation:
There must be my teacher: someone must be my teacher. Well, it's equivalent to "inside", which means "inside".
Three: refers to many times;
Yan: the word "Yu" is there;
Chi: the word refers to those who choose their goodness and follow it: Dai Shan;
One: the word refers to a bad person, and it is changed to a bad person.
Eighth: cultivate one's morality and be a man
Ceng Zi said: "Scholars have a long way to go to strive for self-improvement. Isn't it important to think that benevolence is your responsibility? Isn't it far after death? " ("Taber")
Ceng Zi said: "An ambitious person must be broad-minded and determined, because he has a great mission (or responsibility) and a long way to go. Isn't it important to realize the ideal of' benevolence' as your mission? Don't stop until you die, isn't it far? "
Explanation of words:
Hongyi: Broad-minded, strong-willed: strong and brave.
Benevolence: this refers to the Confucian idea of pushing oneself and others and being kind to others.
Has: ended
Ninth: cultivate one's morality and be a man
Confucius said, "Cold tells the decline of pine and cypress." (Zi Han)
Confucius said: "It was not until the coldest season of the year that we knew that conifers and cypresses (b÷I) were the last to shed leaves." Deep meaning: people should stand the test of time, and also use pine and cypress to compare people's perseverance!
What is said here is a structural auxiliary word, which is used between the subject and the predicate, cancels the independence of the sentence and becomes a biased structure, which is not translated or barely translated as "de"
Cold: the cold season of the year, deep winter.
Then (ancient and modern characters): nature, after. It means to explain separately. Sure, like this. Later, later.
Student: Ambitious people.
Understanding of this paragraph: this paragraph refers to a persevering social phenomenon, not following the crowd, maintaining integrity and perseverance.
Tenth: cultivate one's morality.
Zi Gong asked, "Who can walk for life without saying a word?" Confucius said, "I forgive you! Don't do to others what you don't want. " (Wei Linggong)
Zi Gong asked: "Is there a sentence that can be pursued for a lifetime? Confucius said, "It's probably the word" forgiveness "! Don't impose what you don't like on others. "
Keyword explanation:
In a word: in a word.
Good: Pursuit.
Its forgiveness: its: probably, maybe. Forgiveness: thinking about others' hearts with your own heart refers to Confucianism pushing yourself and others and being kind to others.
Desire: like, think. Want to (do).
S: Apply.
Qi: Probably.
Comment on this paragraph: "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" means don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. It has positive significance in today's social moral cultivation and has become a warning motto.