1. Cultivating students' aesthetic ability is the starting point for people to carry out all aesthetic and creative activities, the initial and basic ability in the whole aesthetic ability, the premise and foundation for the start and development of aesthetic imagination, appreciation and understanding, and the bridge to a higher aesthetic realm. Schiller said: "The cultivation of sensibility is the most urgent need of the times, not only because it is a means to improve the insight into life, but also because it will arouse the improvement of insight." Therefore, I think to cultivate children's aesthetic ability, we must first let children have the ability to feel beauty. In Chinese subject, beauty is colorful and endless. The question is whether we can feel it and find it promptly and keenly. If students lack the ability to feel beautiful, then no matter how beautiful music and painting are, they can't be the aesthetic objects of students, which is meaningless to students. Aesthetic perception is mainly the result of acquired aesthetic education, but for various reasons, everyone's aesthetic perception is very different. In view of students' perceptual psychology, audio-visual media should be used as much as possible to reproduce the situation, and the colorful images in the text should be reproduced concretely and intuitively by using external forms such as lines, shapes, colors and sounds, so that the images can be transformed from the indirect representation of language and words to the direct representation of some material, which will increase the intensity of strong perception, allow students to be in a beautiful atmosphere, discover and feel beauty through vision and hearing, and thus improve the sensitivity, activity and control of aesthetic senses. For example, in Chinese textbooks for primary schools, there are many colorful artistic images, fascinating profound artistic conception, concise and vivid beautiful words and expressions, which require us to experience beauty from the shallow to the deep in Chinese teaching, thus infiltrating beauty in teaching and improving students' aesthetic consciousness and ability to feel beauty.
Second, cultivate students' aesthetic imagination. The so-called aesthetic imagination is the ability of people to mobilize the accumulation of past appearances, supplement, expand, enrich and perfect the object, transform and reorganize it and then create new objects on the basis of directly caring for the object. Including synaesthesia. For example, in the Song Dynasty's Jade Tang Chun, the words "the clouds outside the poplar are pale, and the branches of the red apricot are Man Chun" are analogously associated with the prosperity, complexity, richness and chaos when the apricot flowers are in full bloom, while the word "noisy" will turn silence into sound, beautify the static beauty into dynamic beauty, and convey the aesthetic feeling of visual image into dynamic beauty. Another example is Autumn Rain, which not only describes the beauty of autumn rain. We can play courseware, let students enjoy the beautiful and colorful autumn scenery in beautiful music, read aloud with music, let students close their eyes and imagine what fragrance you smell, and so on, to create a beautiful and interesting fairy tale situation. To cultivate students' aesthetic appreciation ability, we should guide students to read aloud and taste language according to their physiological and psychological characteristics, so that students can gradually understand what aesthetics is. In teaching, through language, put yourself in the position of telling the beautiful and moving artistic realm expressed by language. So as to arouse their imagination and association, make them moved and emotional, and cultivate their aesthetic imagination in a subtle way. The reason why Autumn Rain has the power to move people's hearts is that the article is meticulous and ingenious in conception, exquisite in structure, concise in language, sincere in feelings and poetic in the whole article. Reproducing these beauties in the teaching process will naturally achieve our teaching purpose. Because I don't cultivate my own aesthetic imagination in isolation, but closely follow the language of the text and guide students to appreciate the beauty of scenery and language, so students not only get the cultivation of aesthetic imagination, but also get profound language training.
Third, cultivate students' aesthetic appreciation ability The so-called appreciation ability refers to the ability to identify and appreciate beautiful things. In teaching activities, recognition and appreciation are inseparable. Only identification can make appreciation, and identification is for better appreciation. Due to different objective conditions and subjective reasons, people's appreciation level is often different. Xie Jin, a film director in China, once said in an article that when I first saw a dream of red mansions as a teenager, I fell in love with xiren and didn't know Lin Daiyu. When I am old, I think Qingwen and Daiyu are lovely. Reading the romance of the Three Kingdoms, I talked to my classmates when I was a child. They all wanted to fuck Liu Bei. When I grow up, I think Cao Cao is really something. Why is this happening? This is mainly the improvement and development of ideological level and aesthetic experience. Generally speaking, the wider the knowledge, the richer the aesthetic experience and the higher the aesthetic appreciation ability. Therefore, to cultivate students' aesthetic appreciation ability, we must first improve the level of cultural knowledge and the cultivation of beauty. The knowledge of primary school students has not accumulated to a certain extent, and it is still relatively poor, and the knowledge is relatively narrow, so the aesthetics are still vague and uncertain, and sometimes even rash. Therefore, we hope that students can broaden their knowledge. In the usual Chinese teaching, we hope that every child will prepare a special book for data accumulation, and extracurricular materials and wonderful words can be included. Teachers' concern for children's own data packages will stimulate children's enthusiasm for collecting and sorting out data. In the long run, children's language ability will be greatly improved, and their knowledge will not be limited to the texts in books. With the broadening of knowledge, students' aesthetic ability will gradually improve. For example, Zhao Zhouqiao does not provide information kits after class. However, if students form the habit of accumulating information, under the guidance of teachers, they can independently understand the splendid and long-standing "bridge culture" of the motherland through extracurricular books, internet and other channels, and can appreciate the exquisite structure and beautiful appearance of the bridge, thus deepening their understanding of the characters, inspiring national pride and realizing the greatness of ancient labor.
Fourth, cultivate students' aesthetic comprehension ability The so-called aesthetic comprehension ability refers to the ability to rationally think, recognize, judge and evaluate aesthetic objects. It can neither be attributed to intuitive perceptual knowledge nor simple rational knowledge, but to the harmonious unity of perceptual knowledge and rational knowledge. As Qian Zhongshu said: "Reason is like poetry, water is like salt, and flowers are like honey. Invisible and tasteless. There is nothing, and there is nothing to say. " Aesthetic comprehension and psychological factors such as aesthetic feeling, imagination and appreciation are integrated together without trace, which plays a comprehensive and overall aesthetic effect. Aesthetic education not only requires guiding students to feel beauty, taste beauty, appreciate beauty and understand beauty, but also requires cultivating students to express beauty and create beauty in order to achieve the purpose of developing language. Creating beauty is the purpose of aesthetic education and the highest realm of aesthetic education. The ancients said it well: apply what you have learned. If you find beauty, you must be able to understand it, express it and create it. This is the truly perfect and improved aesthetic education. Only when students discover beauty, express beauty and understand beauty according to their own thinking and methods can they embody innovative education and initiative. Teachers should not only feel and appreciate students' aesthetic education, but also ask students to understand and seize the opportunity, stimulate students' creative desire, be moved by the object of beauty, and produce subtle spiritual power to create beauty. Beauty is ubiquitous in the real world, and the articles in textbooks are even more beautiful models. For example, in the poem "Looking at Tianmen Mountain", most people appreciate the word "Chu" because it brings dynamic beauty to the originally motionless mountain, but few people realize why the poet feels "Chu". If you look at Tianmen Mountain from a fixed foothold on the shore, you will probably only have a static feeling of "the green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite". Only when the boat is driving on the river, Tianmen Mountain in the distance gradually comes into view, and the feeling of "green mountains on both sides of the strait are opposite" will be highlighted. Teachers can use some intuitive teaching methods to help students understand these clever words. Teachers can let students enter the original artistic conception with the assumption of "if I were a poet, what would it be like", and let students spread their imagination wings according to the teacher's instructions to appreciate the poetry: the green hills on both sides of the strait appear and disappear for a while, and a boat sails from Japan. Put this wonderful imagination into the students' understanding of beauty, and then let the students speak in groups to express the beauty that everyone understands. Students also developed a rich imagination, from imagination to understanding, enriching the content of the text. Thus, their inner feelings about China and the United States are naturally revealed and expressed, and the purpose of aesthetic education is achieved. Comrade once said, "We can't understand what we feel at once, only what we understand can make us feel it more deeply." In teaching activities, we must attach great importance to cultivating and improving students' aesthetic ability through aesthetic education practice, so that students' aesthetic understanding can go from shallow to deep, from low to advanced, from one-sided to multi-faceted, and truly grasp the inner meaning of aesthetic objects. . 1 1. 15 proudly wrote.