Fire theory knowledge training, fire skills training and fire practice training.
Second, the training purpose:
Do more safety work in the company, let all volunteer firefighters master the skills of fire fighting, fire fighting, evacuation and escape, improve the safety awareness of all employees, and ensure the safety of employees and property of the company.
Fourth, the training place:
Verb (abbreviation of verb) training methods: lecture, case analysis, demonstration and operation.
Six, teaching time:
Seven. Trainee: All volunteer firefighters.
Eight, training content:
1, the company's peripheral and internal environment solutions
2, fire theory knowledge training
3, fire fighting skills training
4, fire, fire drill training
5, fire treatment procedures
Course details:
First, the basic knowledge of combustion:
Combustion, commonly known as fire, refers to the fire caused by the reaction of fuel with oxygen or oxidant, accompanied by the phenomenon of flame smoking or burning out of control in space.
The combustion of any substance from unburned state to combustion state requires three conditions, namely, the ignition source of fuel and combustion-supporting substance, and the three conditions should interact with each other.
1. Combustible: Any substance that can react with oxygen in the air or its oxidant is called combustible.
2. Combustion-supporting material: any substance that can help support the combustion of fuel, that is, any substance that can undergo an oxidation reaction with fuel, is called combustion-supporting material 3. Ignition source: any energy source that can cause combustion reaction between fuel and combustion-supporting substances is called ignition source.
Second, the combustion type and fire shape conditions:
1, combustion type: flash, fire, spontaneous combustion, explosion, etc.
2. Fire conditions: fire sources, combustibles and combustion-supporting materials must be lacking.
3, the basic measures to prevent fire:
Third, to prevent fire, we must eliminate the conditions of production and combustion.
1, control fuel
2, combustion-supporting materials
3, eliminate the ignition source and other measures to destroy the production and combustion conditions.
In addition to doing a good job in fire prevention in the physical and objective environment, it is more important to strengthen the subjective awareness of fire prevention and prevention, so that we can consciously abide by various fire prevention rules and regulations, put an end to fire sources, take necessary fire prevention measures, and truly eliminate fire conditions.
Four, fire types, all kinds of fire fighting equipment.
Any burning phenomenon that is out of control and property is damaged is called fire according to the nature of burning. Fire extinguishers are suitable for five types of fires and all kinds of fires:
Class A refers to clean water fire extinguishers, foam extinguisher and ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguishers (ABC dry powder fire extinguishers) used for carbon-containing solid fires.
Class B refers to the use of dry powder fire extinguishers (ABC dry powder fire extinguishers) and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers to extinguish liquid fires. Foam extinguisher is suitable for oil fires and polar solvent fires.
Class C refers to dry powder fire extinguishers (ABC dry powder fire extinguishers) and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.
ABC dry powder fire extinguishers are generally located in Class III fire-prone areas, and the number is determined according to the area. 4 sets of general danger zone, each weighing 4 kg, and the danger zone or light danger zone shall be increased or decreased appropriately.
Class d refers to metal fire, which is still effective at present, and generally uses sand.
Class E refers to dry powder fire extinguishers (ABC dry powder fire extinguishers) and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, which are used for burning fires on site.
V. All kinds of fire extinguishers:
The use of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers:
When putting out a fire, the fire extinguisher should be lifted or carried on the fire, about 5 meters away from the burning objects. Put away the fire extinguisher, pull out the safety pin, hold the handle at the root of the horn with one hand, and press the hose with the other hand. The carbon dioxide fire extinguisher should pull the horn to 70~90 degrees, and can directly grasp the outer wall of the horn or the metal connecting pipe with one hand to prevent the frostbite extinguishing liquid from flowing and burning. Users should spray carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent from near to far and burn it in a liquid container. The user should raise the horn so that one side of the container is facing.
When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, when it is used outdoors, it should be sprayed in the wind direction. When it is used indoors in a narrow space, the fire extinguishing operator should leave quickly to prevent suffocation.
Use of ABC dry powder fire extinguisher
In case of body fire, attention should be paid to direct quasi-liquid level injection from the nozzle to prevent liquid splashing and expand the fire. It is difficult to put out the fire in the combustion chamber of liquid metal container. The wall temperature of the container is higher than the self-ignition point of the liquid, which is easy to cause re-ignition. If it is used in combination with foam extinguisher and asbestos, the truth report must specify the details of the fire unit, and make clear the fire image, type range and accurate alarm as much as possible. After receiving the report, the fire department can quickly dispatch fire engines to the fire point.
6. What are the basic firefighting methods?
I know that combustion must meet three conditions-combustible and combustion-supporting materials. As I have already introduced, fire fighting has destroyed the existing combustion conditions. If the burning conditions can be eliminated, the fire will be put out. According to the basic principles and fire fighting practice, I will summarize several basics and create specific and effective fire fighting methods according to the objective and actual situation.
1, isolation: isolate or remove a fire or object from its surrounding fuel. If there is a lack of fuel in the combustion process, the actual use will stop. Flammable and combustion-supporting articles near the fire source will be removed, and burning articles will be safely transferred; Close the valves of power supply, gas and liquid pipelines to prevent combustible substances from entering the combustion zone; Demolition of flammable buildings near the burning fire, etc.
2. Asphyxiation: prevent the air from flowing into the combustion zone or dilute the air with burning substances, so that the burning substances can be extinguished with enough oxygen. In actual use, flammable or nonflammable substances such as asbestos blanket, wet sack, wet cotton, wet towel, yellow sand, foam, etc. are used to cover the combustible materials; Equipment for fil containers with inert gas such as steam or carbon dioxide; It is best to close the doors, windows and holes of fire-fighting building equipment.
3. Cooling: directly spray fire extinguishing agent to reduce the temperature and ignition point of combustion products, stop burning near the fire source or spray fire extinguishing agent to reduce its temperature and prevent radiant heat from affecting the fire. Cooling and fire fighting mainly include cooling with water and carbon dioxide.
4. Suppression: A fluorine-containing and brominated fire extinguishing agent (12 1 1) is sprayed to the flame, so that the fire extinguishing agent participates in the combustion reaction and the free radical chain (commonly known as "combustion chain") is broken to achieve the purpose of fire extinguishing.
Practical, according to the actual situation, use one or two, to achieve the purpose of rapid fire extinguishing.
Seven, participate in fire fighting.
"Fire Command, Fire" has been going through fire fighting, and now it can protect family property, people's life safety, take care of advanced deeds, heroes, and there are many people in the fire. The situation is ten complicated places. To put out the fire quickly, it is necessary to have unified command, coordinate operations, and put out the fire in a planned, step-by-step and effective way. What should I do?
1, the effect of "following the command" is to put out the fire. When a fire breaks out, a command organization must be set up to put out the fire in the factory. The active participants in employee fire fighting should consciously obey the command of the command organization. The key to command fire fighting is to organize four teams to fight together: a fire fighting team and a public security fire fighting team; Relief materials combat team, mainly assisting the rescuers of public security fire brigade to evacuate main materials; A fighting team to guard the fire and maintain order; The security team is responsible for rescuing the wounded and supplying materials and equipment such as fighting, tea and fire fighting. The battle is tense, so we should do our work actively and conscientiously.
2, to be vigilant, abide by the order of fire, to prevent the bad guys from taking advantage of the fire, stealing property and destroying it.
3, fire, should pay attention to safety, to avoid the necessary casualties. The more complex the fire, the more orderly it is. We should carry forward the spirit of not being afraid of hardships and death, dare to fight and fight, avoid necessary sacrifices, pay attention to science, be good at fighting, attacking and withdrawing, and avoid blindly walking in the fire, frequent mobility and nervous thoughts; Instrument, after moving; Sundries, smooth passage; It is difficult for leaders to take into account the collision between things, and even dangerous goods may cause safety problems. They mainly rely on their own courage and caution to ensure their own safety.
Eight. Do it on the fire
First, if you can run and roll, you can experiment together. Be careful to light the alcohol lamp and knock it over. Alcohol will spill all over your clothes and you will catch fire all over. Due to the sudden panic, all the participants shouted in unison: "Run! Run! " The more the fire burns, the more experienced the teacher is. He ordered the fire to roll in a "rolling" posture and quickly helped put out the fire. Because the front "ran", the burn was still light.
Second, if possible, tear off the burning clothes quickly, pour them into the water, or step on them, or put them out with a fire extinguisher and water.
Third, if the nearby rivers, ponds and pools quickly jump into shallow water and the body burns too heavily or deeply, you can dive to prevent bacterial pollution or conduct other tests.
Fourth, the second scene, if there is no fire, you need to be calm. Immediately cover, jump, slap, or help tear clothes, or wet sacks and blankets and catch fire.
Fifth, pay attention to dousing with water, and spray directly at the body with a fire extinguisher.
9. How to escape from the fire in the stairs?
Modern factories are very tall, almost all of them are built by themselves, and the items stored in the factories are more complicated. When I was working, some places caught fire. Because I am not prepared, I can panic and find that the stairs are filled with smoke or raging fires, which is even more urgent. Do you think it's weird?
In the face of fire, I will overwhelm my courage, be afraid of danger and dare to overcome my courage. First of all, I must calm my mind, keep a clear head, want to put out the fire, try my best to put out the fire, whose water should I use or use the fire extinguisher in the building to cover it with wet cotton, and so on. Only in this way can the fire be put out and the fire be surrounded by danger. I should avoid necessary sacrifices and set up a roof or balcony to escape. Whether to go through the wall; Don't go through the window; Borrow water pipes and bamboo poles to slip; Whether to use rope, belt and other things to slip; Step by step and so on. And use your brains to save it.
Children, diseases and other fires should be rescued with blankets, cotton-padded jackets and other things, ropes should be tied with ropes, those without ropes should be tied with torn pieces, or thrown on the balconies and roofs of adjacent houses to get out of danger as soon as possible.
It is extremely important to call for help and fire attack. The surrounding people listened to the call for help and set up rescue.
X. fire risk handling procedures:
1. Cut off the power supply in the first room, call the police, put out the fire, and evacuate people and materials.
2. Just call the "1 19 fire alarm", ring the alarm bell to inform its members and set up a voluntary fire brigade to call the police quickly to organize rescue and evacuation of groups and materials.
3. The fire location, fire nature and nearby landmark buildings should be clearly stated. Relevant personnel should be arranged to meet the fire truck at the nearby intersection, and the fire truck should open a passage so that the fire brigade can put out the fire accurately. Now that the building is on fire, smoke often spreads to the stairway, and the building is prone to hallucinations. The stairs burned out, but there was no way out. In fact, it didn't burn. Cover your face completely and suffocate. Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel. Even if the stairs are on fire, stay close to the floor or simply squat down.
The stairs are really burned out, so think calmly and check, don't take the stairs; No fields
X. volunteer fire brigade
Support an alarm team and a fire fighting team, and cooperate with the public security fire brigade to put out the fire; Relief materials combat team, mainly assisting the rescuers of public security fire brigade to evacuate materials; A fighting team to guard the fire and maintain order; The logistics team is responsible for rescuing the wounded and supplying combat materials and equipment. The battle is tense, so we should do our work actively and conscientiously.