1. Sexual physiological status of senior high school students
The survey shows that the proportion of high school boys with various sexual and physical health problems is as high as 27%, and nearly half of them don't know and won't open the foreskin to clean the penis, so most of them have different degrees of inflammatory symptoms. The most common sexual and physiological problems are dysplasia, phimosis, penile curvature, varicocele, large area adhesion of foreskin, lithiasis and balanitis of foreskin. Some of them have reached the point where they have to receive treatment. For example, some people have never cleaned the inside of the penis foreskin, which causes the glans to fester; Some people have long-term inflammation of the foreskin due to phimosis, and are in a state of whitening and hardening of the foreskin mouth, which is in danger of malignant transformation. Female students' psychological counseling feedback also has problems such as menstrual instability, dysmenorrhea and a few gynecological inflammations.
2. Sexual psychology of senior high school students.
According to the survey, senior high school students have a common misunderstanding about sex. Most of them think it is shameful to talk about sex, and some sexual physiological phenomena (such as menstruation, nocturnal emission, erection, etc. ) It's embarrassing, too. Some even think that it is inconceivable to wash genitals in front of others when taking a bath. As a result, many people are in a state of sexual isolation and sexual repression, and often feel contradictory, confused and even inferior.
The incidence of male masturbation is about 70% in Grade Two and Grade Three, and about 20% in Grade One. Most of them feel guilty, contradictory, ashamed and even guilty, which affects their daily study and interpersonal communication. Personal masturbation behavior is out of control, because it is too frequent and often impulsive, and physical discomfort has appeared, including backache, leg pain, dizziness and brain swelling, perineal pain and so on. It increases the psychological burden and seriously affects physical and mental health.
Most of the girls with unstable menstruation and severe dysmenorrhea are related to the psychological pressure caused by incorrect understanding of sexual physiological phenomena. Before these phenomena appear, there are often tensions, anxieties and fears. These bad psychological states will interfere with endocrine and cause uterine spasm, thus aggravating menstrual instability and dysmenorrhea symptoms.
3. The current situation of high school students' sexual morality
Although some senior high school students are young, they are very casual about sexual behavior and lack the necessary sexual moral awareness and sexual self-control. Individual high school students can have sex as long as they have the right time and sexual requirements, and they are prone to sexually transmitted diseases during this period. Some senior high school students have weak moral concepts and legal concepts, and lack the necessary ability of binding behavior. If it is not changed in time, it is likely to lead to serious consequences that endanger society, collectives and individuals.
Contents of sex education for senior high school students
We know the importance of sex education, and we also know that sex education needs to be carried out at a certain age, but we need to be cautious about the specific content. For senior high school students, the content of sex education should not be too deep, nor too close to the level of adults, especially not involving sexual feelings and skills, otherwise it may be counterproductive. Emphasis should be placed on the following aspects.
1, Sexual Physiology Education
Mainly about the biological knowledge of sex and fertility, such as the physiological structure of both sexes, the functional characteristics of reproductive system, the mechanism and process of fertility, etc. Through education, students can understand the basic structure of the human body, treat sexual physiological phenomena correctly, understand the physiological differences between the two sexes and their changing laws, and accept the fact that their sexual physiological development is gradually mature in time and smoothly.
2. Sexual psychological education
Including gender development psychology, gender role, love psychology and so on. Make students understand the general law of the occurrence and development of human sexual psychology, understand the psychological agitation and anxiety in adolescence, guide students to face it with a calm and healthy attitude, and strive to standardize their lives according to social requirements. At the same time, overcome sexual mystery, fear, self-blame and guilt, and achieve the purpose of promoting the healthy development of sexual psychology.
3. Sexual moral education
Including the basic code of conduct between men and women, the etiquette of social communication between men and women, and the attitude towards the opposite sex; How to correctly handle the relationship with the opposite sex and hazy gender feelings; How to cultivate and establish a correct view of love? Let students master the moral norms and codes of conduct to maintain and adjust the relationship between the two sexes, how to maintain a good form of sexual communication, what is true love, and establish a correct view of love. , improve their sense of social responsibility and obligation to gender relations, enhance their ability to control and resist temptation, and avoid sexual moral deviation.
4. Sex legal education
It is divided into two parts: legal knowledge and strengthening legal consciousness. That is, popularize the legal knowledge related to sex, let students master the targeted laws and regulations formulated in China, and guide and regulate their sexual behavior with laws; On the basis of popularizing legal knowledge, we should strengthen legal awareness, consciously abide by the law in dealing with gender relations, restrain impulses, control emotions, balance our mentality with morality and law, make our sexual behavior meet social requirements and effectively protect ourselves.
5. Sexual health education
It refers to the general hygiene of reproductive organs, not to the hygiene of sexual behavior of both sexes, because it is still too early for students of this age. Through learning, they can consciously pay attention to the hygiene of vulva and learn correct cleaning methods, including daily cleaning of female vulva, menstrual health care and treatment of dysmenorrhea; Penis cleaning of boys, spermatorrhea and cleaning after masturbation.
6. Sex safety education
Guide students to understand the knowledge of self-protection on sexual issues, such as the prevention of reproductive organ trauma and the treatment of general trauma, basic contraceptive methods, how to restrain sexual impulses and avoid stealing forbidden fruits prematurely; How to avoid sexual harassment, how to avoid sexual assault when getting along with the opposite sex, and how to save yourself once you encounter these situations; Knowing the knowledge of common sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS prevention and treatment is of positive significance to improve their sexual self-protection ability.
7. Sexual aesthetic education
It refers to being able to distinguish between beauty and ugliness on sexual issues, grasp one's daily behavior according to the requirements of beauty, know the specific ways and means to sublimate sexual desire, avoid indulging in sensuality, pursue frivolous sexual pleasure and enjoyment, put an end to sexualism, stay away from pornography and vulgarity, and cultivate beautiful sentiments.
Methods of adolescent sex education for senior high school students
How to scientifically, appropriately and effectively carry out adolescent sex education among senior high school students should start from the following aspects.
1, in charge of the principal's personal grasp, and all departments cooperate.
The adolescent sex education of senior high school students needs to be successful and effective, and it needs the headmaster in charge of the school to personally grasp it, and the cooperation and attention of relevant departments. At the same time, it is necessary to incorporate the curriculum plan and class arrangement into the teaching system. In which grade, how many class hours are needed, what form to take, how to determine the teaching effect, and how to track and feedback the actual effect of education should all be seriously considered and studied.
2. Selection and training of teaching staff
The particularity and importance of adolescent sex education curriculum determines the high requirements for teachers. They should not only have noble moral cultivation, correct sexual awareness and attitude, but also have scientific and systematic accumulation of sexual knowledge, which can be expressed through flexible and diverse teaching methods. They also need to understand and deepen students' special abilities.
3. Take various forms.
According to the actual situation of the school, adolescent sex education can be included in the school-based curriculum, and students' associations can be guided to establish relevant associations and carry out sexual knowledge publicity activities. Experts can be invited to give lectures and consult on the spot, print publicity materials, publish internal newspapers and periodicals, answer questions regularly, open young people's mailboxes, and even hold knowledge contests and cultural performances to make students like it, which is vivid and diverse and has obvious effects.
4. Grasp the principle of timeliness, moderation and appropriateness.
"Timely" means that the content and opportunity of education must follow the law of psychological and physical development of senior high school students, and they must be educated and guided in a timely and appropriate manner according to their characteristics and needs. "Moderation" means that when imparting scientific knowledge in adolescent sex education, we should grasp the discretion in the content setting and degree according to the physiological and psychological characteristics and acceptable and tolerable ability of senior high school students, so as to prevent students from being too shallow and too little, giving them a feeling of going through the motions and becoming a mere formality, and failing to achieve the educational purpose; More importantly, it is necessary to avoid being too deep and excessive, forming a seemingly incitement and development, unlike popular science education, which causes students' resistance and unacceptable, and even brings counter-effects. "Appropriateness" means that the methods of sex education and the attitude of schools and education should be appropriate. We should put ourselves in the shoes of high school students and respect their individuality in form and method. In particular, we should not touch the privacy that individuals do not want to disclose, abide by the requirements of confidentiality, and adhere to the standards of humanization, scientificity and correctness.
5. Write appropriate special teaching materials.
Many factors should be considered when designing textbooks. First of all, from the perspective of comprehensive education in adolescence, not only the content of sex education, but also some contents related to adolescent education, especially the combination of life education and inspirational education, which makes the textbook not an obvious sex education, but a comprehensive education in adolescence. The organic combination of the two will get more obvious results.
6. Establish a coordination mechanism between parents and schools.
Sex education cannot ignore the role of family. There are several points to note here: First, let parents understand. Limited by the current situation of national education in China and the influence of traditional ideas, there may be some situations that parents can't understand, which will inevitably affect the smooth development of the work and the degree of effect received, which we have a deeper understanding when carrying out this work. The second is to let parents cooperate. This includes the cooperation between words and deeds and actual behavior. You should know something about sex science. Even if you can't educate yourself, you should at least understand and recognize the content of school education, so that it is easier to make the effect of sex education reach the expected goal. It is necessary to create a good family atmosphere and strengthen the effect of school education in a natural, peaceful, positive and harmonious family atmosphere.
In short, it is very difficult to educate senior high school students about puberty. It needs the joint efforts of our leader and educator Qi Xin, as well as various inputs and the support and cooperation of relevant personnel. Only in this way can we achieve real results.