Generally speaking, arbitrary charges for education refer to the act of collecting education fees without national laws and policies. Specifically, it refers to the behavior of some localities and schools that violate the relevant laws and policies of the state and provincial people's governments and introduce charging items, expand the charging scope and raise the charging standards without authorization; At the same time, it also includes some grass-roots governments and relevant departments, which collect apportionment and ride fees from students or through schools.
The vast majority of education fees can be divided into four categories: one is "survival" fees. This kind of arbitrary charges mainly occurs in rural primary and secondary schools in economically underdeveloped areas or weak schools in economically underdeveloped urban areas. When the educational funds invested by the government are not enough to maintain the normal operation of the school, the school relies on charging students to maintain the basic needs of running the school.
The second is "developmental" arbitrary charges. This kind of arbitrary charges refers to some schools, in order to meet the basic conditions of modern education, without the guarantee of government education funds, or some schools have incorrect school-running ideas, blindly expand the scale of running schools, engage in the construction of luxury schools that are divorced from reality, and can not be maintained by government funding and normal fees, thus moving towards arbitrary charges.
The third is "profit-seeking" arbitrary charges. When there is a contradiction between the public welfare of education and the profitability of the market, due to the negative impact of the market economy, some education authorities and school leaders are in the wrong direction. On the one hand, they collect "kickbacks" by ordering textbooks, dressing the, selling insurance and other expenses; on the other hand, they make so-called "income generation" by running classes to make up lessons, recruiting "school-choosing students" and holding key classes, which leads schools to use arbitrary charges to pay benefits other than wages to faculty. In particular, some local governments acquiesce in the school's "income-generating" behavior and increase the salaries, benefits and subsidies of faculty in disguise.
The fourth is to "pass on" arbitrary charges. This kind of arbitrary charges means that the government charges schools, rides or students through schools. Government departments charge schools within their jurisdiction, some of which are difficult to apportion. In fact, they are crowding out limited education funds and school fee income. These arbitrary charges have increased the burden on schools, and to some extent encouraged schools to pass on the economic burden to students' families.
19. What are the reasons for the repeated prohibition of arbitrary charges in education?
Generally speaking, the basic national condition of our country at this stage is "poor countries run big education", and it is the largest education in the world. The contradiction between modernization, the people's growing educational demand and the shortage of education, especially high-quality education, is the basic contradiction facing the development of education at this stage. On the one hand, people expect education to reach the level of modernization as soon as possible to meet their demand for high-quality education. On the other hand, China is still in the primary stage of socialism, and the investment in education lags far behind the needs of educational development. This situation will exist for a long time.
Specifically, the reasons for the repeated prohibition of arbitrary charges in education are as follows: First, the investment in education in some places is seriously insufficient, making it difficult to maintain the normal operation of schools. For this reason, some local governments want to make up for the lack of government investment by charging students at random, and a few schools also ease the difficulty of running schools by charging students at random. Second, some local and school leaders have a weak concept of laws and policies, and there are laws that are not complied with and orders that cannot be made; Third, the investigation and punishment of arbitrary charges is not strong enough, which makes some places and schools repeatedly ban arbitrary charges; Fourth, the unbalanced development of education, the shortage of high-quality educational resources, and the contradiction between supply and demand are prominent, which makes it difficult to fully meet the needs of the broad masses for higher-quality education, leading some localities and schools to take the opportunity to charge high fees and collect fees indiscriminately. Fifth, some grass-roots government departments or units charge students for hitchhiking through schools, or occupy, transfer, intercept or misappropriate the school's fee income.