1. Four laws

It takes 24 years for a person to mature, but in the 24 years of the whole person's maturity, there must be lifelong rules to abide by and help guide, especially at the age of 0-6. The first rule is human tendency, which drives us to continue living in the environment and helps us to survive physically and psychologically, because the operation of human tendency drives us to enter the interaction of the environment to meet our needs; Another law is four stages of development, which is equivalent to a guide, telling us what kind of processes and characteristics human beings will experience in four different stages of development; Another rule is to absorb the mind, which can help people fully develop, help children absorb nutrients in the environment and help children build themselves; The fourth rule is the sensitive period. ?

2. Induction period

So what is the sensitive period? It was originally developed by Dutch biologists. Hugo. De? On the basis of VRIES, he used sensitive period to describe the growth of insects. Insects are actually a kind of butterflies. Insects lay eggs in trees and grow into caterpillars. Because the mouths of these caterpillars haven't grown well, they can't eat the old leaves. They can only eat new and tender leaves and leaves on the treetops, so these caterpillars have a special sensitivity to light after birth. These lights are phototactic. This phototaxis can guide and urge caterpillars to climb branches and treetops to eat young leaves. As the caterpillar grows up, that is, when it can eat any leaf, this special sensitivity to light disappears, because they don't need to eat that leaf, and they can eat all kinds of leaves anywhere, so this special sensitivity on the caterpillar is called the sensitive period. This sensitive period is to help this special creature develop, and this creature lives by this sensitivity. Without this sensitivity, they will starve to death, because they can't eat anything else, and no other creatures will tell them to eat the young leaves on the treetops. Nature gives it this special sensitivity, so it can survive. The same thing will happen to human beings, because through observation, we will find that human beings will experience similar patterns in the process of development, and then through development, we will find that children will do something at a certain stage, which is conducive to the all-round development of children's body and mind.

Second, the characteristics of sensitive period

We want to emphasize that the sensitive period is limited by time, so they are sensitive only for a certain period of time, and then the sensitivity disappears. At this stage, children will show a very strong interest in an environment or something. This sensitive period is common. Every child in the world has this sensitive period. Once this sensitive period disappears, they will never come back or appear again. Just like a house with only one lamp in the dark, it is dark all around. Only this point, all children's interests are devoted to this point, driving children to do a lot of work. So just now, children engaged in a lot of repetitive activities around their own interests, which allowed them to gain a lot of knowledge about that environment, their needs were met, and the sensitive period disappeared.

When a sensitive period disappears, there will be another sensitive period. We can regard the sensitive period as a curve, which will gradually decrease after reaching the peak. Many times, we realize that when things happen, they are in the range of termination or near termination, so we develop skilled skills. When children are still at the following point, we should prepare the environment, help them meet some needs and help them reach the peak stage, because when children are already at or near this point, they are already there. Sometimes two sensitive periods will be repeated together. When one sensitive period reaches its peak, another sensitive period has just begun. When we realize that this sensitive period is at its peak, we will immediately prepare the environment at this stage, but we are not aware of the situation of children in another sensitive period that has just begun, so we are not prepared for the environment in the sensitive period that has just begun. So we say that a sensitive period decreases at the peak and a sensitive period decreases at the peak. There is an overlapping interval between the two sensitive periods. In fact, it is our own poor training and poor observation ability. We often forget to prepare the environment for another sensitive period. In this process, each of us needs to do 250 hours of observation exercises to improve our observation ability. This will help you understand the development process of children, because we are the people who prepare the environment for children. If we don't have any clever skills to help the child, then the chances of the child's development are almost the same. The peak of sensitive period is an obvious stage. You will observe that when you speak, the child will focus on your mouth, but when you hear the child speak, you will know that it is a sensitive period, and then prepare the environment. It's too late at this time. Generally speaking, when children acquire certain skills or knowledge, this sensitive period disappears. But sometimes the environment is not ready for children to develop and acquire these skills, and there is nothing in the environment for children to develop.

Because adults and children around us don't know how to observe at all, many times children don't develop well at that stage, and this sensitive period will be slightly extended, but it is also very short. Once it's over, it will disappear forever and never exist. Never come back.

Third, the relationship between sensitive period and absorption psychology.

The relationship between sensitive period and absorptive mind: this special ability of absorptive mind is to let children absorb all the elements in the environment instantly, but when our attention is distracted, absorptive mind will also be weakened. Only in the sensitive period can we concentrate the energy of the absorption heart on a certain aspect of the environment at a special time, and this special energy is all concentrated on a certain aspect, so that the energy of the absorption heart will become very strong in this environment, and then this part will be absorbed.

Under the guidance of the sensitive period, some constructions will be completed by absorbing the energy of the mind. Absorbing the mind is a gift, paying more attention to one aspect of the environment, just like the camera metaphor we talked about. I can photograph a person, but your environment will also be photographed, so everything should be ready.

Fourthly, the importance of sensitive period.

1. Description of sensitive period in education.

We just talked about the sensitive period, so absorbing the mind is a more specific way. In this way, children can absorb what they need in the environment and express the sensitive period in other ways. Some people call it a critical period, while others call it a window of opportunity. If adults can find the sensitive period early in the process of children's development, then children's development will become easier. Montessori always called it "sensitivity" until this thing was worldwide. It was in 1928 that he called this special sensitivity sensitive period.

2. The importance of sensitive period to adults

Montessori said that it is very important to know or understand the sensitive period because it is the only way to help us know how to prepare the environment for our children. If adults can understand and observe the sensitive period of children, we can let children operate with a special teaching aid at a special time on the road of development to meet their special needs at that time.

Only when adults understand the sensitive period will adults stop doing too many things to help their children. Therefore, if adults provide more things than children need in this period, it will not only help children's growth and development, but will become an obstacle to children. Maria montessori always said that children make us feel like saying, "Please help me and let me help myself." In other words, we don't want to help children do it, but to provide them with some learning things and methods, so that children can accomplish these things by themselves through learning. Therefore, it is very important to understand the sensitive period, so as not to interfere with children's work and study. Only when adults find out the special sensitive period of children in a certain period can children work repeatedly in that area to meet their own needs. Children constantly acquire this skill again and again, so as to acquire skills and gain self-satisfaction.

3. The importance of sensitive period to children

Why is the sensitive period very important? Because it can make the child fully develop, get what he needs from the environment and help his development. Another important point is that because of the sensitive period, children can work without external stimulation, which is very different from traditional schools, so what we say here will give children a good environment. Through our observation, we can know which sensitive period the child is in and prepare for the environment. In this way, the child will be attracted by this environment, and he will try his best to do his job. Therefore, Montessori's children are not passively working in the environment, but are attracted by this environment and willing to work in it. Under the guidance of the sensitive period, he chooses what he needs in the environment and is helpful to his personal development. If the child can follow his sensitive period, he will not feel hard and tired, and that sense of self will give the child a steady stream of energy and make him satisfied. This satisfaction will encourage and push children to continue working in the environment.

We can say that the absorbing mind is to let children absorb all the elements in the environment effortlessly, and the sensitive period is to provide children with such an opportunity to interact with the environment effortlessly and tirelessly and work in the environment. Isn't this a gift from nature? If we don't have to work hard to do everything in life without feeling tired, if so, we can do more and better things now. This is why children can complete such a huge project early in life and learn more quickly, because they can learn all these attitudes towards environmental knowledge effortlessly and tirelessly.

Excerpt:

As long as the child's environment can fully meet his inner needs, all this happens in the form of cutting and will not attract people's attention at all.

-from the analysis of the sensitive period of mental embryos in Chapter 6 of The Secret of Childhood? Page 20

4. The consequences of missing the sensitive period

So what happens when you miss the sensitive period? What if the adults around you don't know the knowledge of sensitive period at all, or he doesn't know how to observe although he has relevant knowledge? We know that this sensitive period will only occur once. If a child gains the least knowledge in one aspect, his sensitive period may be slightly extended, so that he can enter the next stage. In other words, if the sensitive period is missed, the child will not be interested in a certain aspect in the future. Now the child shows interest in another level, because he has developed to another level and another period.

For example, when a child develops into a sensitive period of learning to eat by himself, adults are not prepared to let him learn to eat by himself. Children should eat by themselves, but they will eat everywhere, and grandma will feed them. At this time, the child will lose his temper, don't want to feed, and have to eat by himself. Over time, both parties will get bored, and children will lose interest in what they want to do.

Therefore, today's children need to make more efforts to learn to do something that they didn't have any interest in and were forced to do. What will happen if this sensitive period disappears? If we don't let him do this without making normal use of these sensitive periods to develop intelligence, we will force our children to do these things. Then there may be two situations, one is that children have problems eating, and the other is to eat a lot of other things to satisfy themselves by eating. We said these things shouldn't happen. In reality, many adults can't keep up with the development of children's sensitive period, and even lag behind the sensitive period. When adults tried to help children in the previous stage, the children might have run to the front. When a child acquires a certain skill, he will be responsible for it. If not, it doesn't matter what interest you give now, and you don't need to be responsible for anything, so once a child acquires a certain skill, he will be responsible for it in the environment. For adults, it is necessary to prepare the environment for children so that all this can be realized. Therefore, we should be modest, caring and patient, and help children acquire abilities that they didn't acquire before, instead of punishing them or forcing them.

Excerpt:

The sensitive period is related to a special sensitivity, which is acquired by the organism in the early stage of individual development. This is a temporary trend, limited to obtaining a special quality. Once this quality or characteristic is acquired, this special sensitivity disappears.

————————— Excerpted from Chapter 6 of The Secret of Childhood: Sensitive Period of Psychological Embryo P 17.

Sensitive period can make the temper of these children clear, and all kinds of reverie related to inner conflict in sensitive period are as fleeting as sensitive period itself. Imagination will not leave a permanent impression on those tendencies learned in the sensitive period, but it will have a bad influence and hinder the psychological maturity of children. A sensitive child's bad temper is an external manifestation of his unsatisfied needs, showing vigilance against certain dangers, or feeling that something is not handled properly. As long as it is possible to meet the needs

——————— Excerpt: The Secret of Childhood Chapter VI Chapter VI Sensitive Period of Mental Embryo P 18

Verb (abbreviation for verb) The type of sensitive period.

There are some sensitive periods in children's development, which sometimes appear alternately.

1, weaning sensitive period

Children in the sensitive period of weaning are interested in tasting different flavors of food. At this time, children want to establish a new relationship with the environment through food. Through the sensitive period of weaning, their hearts have opened a new door. They are interested in trying different things and want to try how to eat by themselves. Then the sensitive period of weaning reached its peak in about 5 months. In order to make good use of this sensitive period, we will make a lot of preparations in advance. We use a lot of thick and thick here, because every child is unique. We should look at the approximate time of a unique child through our own observation. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a good teaching aid or furniture for children to get through this period and wean them smoothly and eat well. Usually, you should do something such as let the children sit face to face, and slowly let the children know that they need to be separated from each other, instead of holding them as before. At this time, we should prepare a lot of beautiful things so that children have ideas and are willing to accept them. But this is a process, which takes about half a year. At first, it was the same amount of breast-feeding, just let the children experience this weaning environment, and then gradually reduce the amount and add some food to others until the children 12 months can completely eat three main meals.

2. Action sensitive period

There are two stages: acquisition and consolidation. The first stage is that the child needs to learn all the movements of his environment, how to turn over, how to walk and how to climb. This stage is from the birth of the child to about two and a half years old. The second stage is the coordination and control of actions. This stage is from two and a half years old to four years old. At this stage, he not only walks, but also walks gracefully. He is very interested in analyzing movements.

3. Sensitive period of small details

When children arrive at the big park, they will find small and subtle things, indicating that children are interested in some small details and small decorations. This happened when I was 2 years old.

4. Sensory exploration sensitive period

We know that a sensory explorer is over 6 years old, and a child knows his environment through his senses. This sensitive period can also be divided into two stages: the first stage is 0-3 years old, which is the stage when children gain all sensory experience in their own environment. At that time, children will explore the environment with their senses, and touch everything with their hands around 1.5 years old, so that they will get enough sensory experience. In this way, children can get detailed and accurate information about their own environment. This sensitive period of sensory exploration is the stage of classifying the previous ones, and the stage of refining the actual senses occurs at the age of 3-6. This period is very interested in some characteristics, such as he can draw colors, and this stage is also a sensitive period of tentacles.

5. The sensitive period of language

This sensitive period is also divided into two stages. It started when the mother was in the womb for seven months, so it started when the mother was pregnant. By the time the child is two and a half years old, the child is very interested in the surrounding sounds. Beautiful sounds will enable the child to learn the tone and rhythm of speech. The second stage is a sensitive period for children to read and write, which probably begins when children are two and a half to three years old. At this stage, children are interested in communication and like to die. Reading is from four and a half to five and a half years old. In many cultures, we don't want such a young child to be able to read and write, so the sensitive period of reading and writing is difficult to achieve. In fact, children are not interested, but adults force them to learn to write, so that children can concentrate on adults' compulsion, rather than the sensitive period he should have.

Excerpt:

Every child, at some stage of his life, will say many words with completely correct pronunciation for nothing. He can also easily learn to use various forms of nouns, verbs, prefixes and suffixes in three months. All this happens when every child is two years old.

-from chapter 10 of the Concentrated Mind, about children's language P54.

Excerpt:

Gradually, the child's ears can distinguish different sounds, and the tongue has new vitality and begins to move. It seems that his tongue stretches and contracts under some irresistible impulse, which makes him feel his throat, cheeks and lips. When he bent his limbs, clenched his fist, raised his head, turned to the speaker, and stared at the speaker's lips, the child showed that he was satisfied.

—— Excerpted from Chapter 6 of The Secret of Childhood: Analysis of Sensitive Period of Psychological Embryos (P 19)

6. Order sensitive period

We know that human beings have an orderly tendency, which has always existed in our lives, but we have a period of being sensitive to order, because at a certain period of life, children will be very interested in the order in their environment and want to know what order is. The meaning of order varies from culture to culture. This sensitive period is about 6 months to 2.5 years old, and children will cry because something is moving in the environment. This is about 1.5 to 2 years old, and then parents want to go to a beautiful place or a beautiful hotel. Everything around parents is beautiful, but the child's will or what adults think is beautiful, because the child has lost his previous reference, and he will be a little lost in a completely new environment. I'm not talking about going on vacation, but about making some preparations so that children can still have previous references, which are fresh for adults, but not for children. This sensitive period of order should be manifested through the work and rest system in the environment. Activities have a fixed pattern, and the same content is repeated every day. Then after experiencing the sensitive period of this order, children gain their own sensory experience and classification ability, because it has internalized the order process in the environment.

Excerpt:

The sense of order lies in recognizing the environment in which everything is located and remembering where everything should be placed. This means that a person can adapt to his own environment and support it in all details.

Obviously, children's love for order is different from that of adults. Order gives adults some external happiness. But it's different for children. It is like the earth where animals walk or the waters where fish swim. In the second year after children are born, they will get the principle of adaptation from the environment that they must control later. Because children are formed by the environment, they need precise and clear guidance, not just some vague and constructive formulas.

-from the secret of childhood chapter 8, P24.

The first stimulus given by nature in the sensitive period is related to order. Just as nature gives people a compass to adapt to the world.

? -From Chapter 8 of The Secret of Childhood: Order (P26)

7. The sensitive period of mathematics

When he was about four and a half years old, he showed great interest in numbers. Children can count 12578, and the environment will tell them the correct number. We will find that children are actually willing to learn the process of numbers or symbols, and they are willing to learn to write digital symbols. In Montessori's three-year-old environment, mathematics has many teaching AIDS to help children develop rapidly. In the relative environment, the child will begin to learn the concept of quantity through his sensory experience, and learn what is addition and notation.

8. The sensitive period of code of conduct, etiquette and customs.

This probably started when the child was two and a half years old. At this stage, children are very interested in the communication between adults in other environments. Children fully adapt to the culture in which they live by acquiring the contents of the code of conduct and etiquette in their culture. This sensitive period is for children under six years old. He wants to absorb the mind and concentrate the energy absorbed by the mind on a certain aspect of the environment. After the age of six, there is no absorbing mind. Therefore, this sensitive period can't be like what we talked about before. Montessori said that children after the age of 6 still have a kind of sensitivity, which is not obvious. It will last for a long time, which will help children to use his logical thinking to develop and acquire his special sensitivity. A child will use his own logical thinking to learn to understand his environment. At this time, children can learn about cultures around the world, and children will have an instinct for group culture. How many people do children want at this time?

9. Sensitive period of moral consciousness and social consciousness: Children are very interested in what is right, what is wrong, what is fair and what is unfair. In the third stage of development, 12- 18 years old, children want to participate in society and find their place in society. In the fourth stage of development, they have a desire. These young people aged 18-24 are interested in knowing how to make the world and society better.

Sensitivity of intransitive verbs

The difference between sensitive period and sensitive period, children over 6 years old can not be called sensitive period, because the absorbed mind no longer exists, so it can only be called sensitive period, which will be developed in the future development of children. There will be another kind of sensitivity in people's life, that is, the sensitivity of parents and mothers. This sensitivity is conceived when the mother is pregnant and will erupt when the child is born. It depends on the extent to which mothers are willing to let men pay and participate in this process when they are pregnant. Whether to let your partner accompany you to the hospital and let your father participate in this environment, through this process, let your father feel that he is a father, that is to say, at this time, the husband and wife start a new life through commitment. Therefore, the sensitivity of these two mothers just now has reached its peak when the child is born. Many times, the mother is asleep and the father is not with the children. We said that the child was born in the hospital, and the father should be there, that is, at that time, the father should feel that he wants to be a father, so you don't have to force his father to say that he wants to be a father afterwards. Therefore, if you are educated in this course, your children will grow up differently.

Related books:

The secret of childhood? Chapters 1 and 3, 7 and 8

Life in maria montessori? Chapter VII Chapter IX

Education promotes human development? Chapter II Chapter IV

Modern methods? chapter two