1. Pedagogy is a science that studies educational phenomena and reveals educational laws.

2. The Book of Learning written by China in the late Spring and Autumn Period is the first educational monograph in the world. It is about 300 years earlier than quintilian's On the Cultivation of Speakers. Among them, the main ideas are: "don't encourage seedlings" and "do it without paying attention to festivals" (reflecting the principle of gradual teaching); "Tao is modest, strong and restrained, and open" (reflecting the teaching principle of enlightenment); "Teaching and learning learn from each other" (reflecting the teaching law of the unity of teachers' leading role and students' main role).

3. The Great Teaching Theory by Comenius of Czech Republic (1632) is the first educational monograph in modern times. He put forward the idea that class teaching system, education should conform to nature and "whole person education".

4. Dewey's humanism and education in the United States emphasizes "children's center", puts forward the method of "learning by doing" and establishes "modern education school".

5. Zakov's "Teaching and Development" of the Soviet Union takes the "all-round development" of students as the starting point and attribution of teaching. 6. The main idea of Bruner's "educational process" in the United States is structuralism and discovery teaching methods. 7. The Soviet Union and Holinsky of the Soviet Union wrote "Advice to Teachers" and "Dedicating the Whole Mind to Children", which are called "living pedagogy" and "encyclopedia of school life".

8. The concept of education: broadly speaking, it refers to social education, school education and family education; Narrowly refers to school education; The deviation of righteousness refers to ideological and moral education.

9. The essential attribute of education is that education is a purposeful social activity to cultivate people. The social attributes of education are eternity, historicity and relative independence.

10. The teaching contents of China feudal social schools are mainly: "Four Books" (University, Doctrine of the Mean, Analects of Confucius, Tanzi); "Five Classics" (Poetry, Book, Ceremony, Book of Changes, Spring and Autumn Period). Run through Confucianism.

1 1. Genetic quality does not play a decisive role in people's physical and mental development, but social environment does. However, environmental determinism is wrong, because people's acceptance of environmental impact is not negative or passive, but a positive and dynamic practice process. 12, the dual tasks of ordinary middle schools in China are: to cultivate labor reserve forces in all walks of life; Send qualified freshmen to higher-level schools.

13. The components of quality education in China are moral education, intellectual education, physical education, aesthetic education and labor technology education. (The core idea of quality education)

14, "double basics" refers to the systematic basic knowledge of science and culture and basic skills and technologies.

One of the tasks of intellectual education is to develop students' intelligence (including observation, imagination, thinking, memory and attention), in which thinking ability is the decisive factor.

16, the fundamental task of physical education is to enhance students' physique.

Cai Yuanpei first put forward aesthetic education in 19 12, and advocated "replacing religion with aesthetic education". 18, the task of aesthetic education: (1) to enable students to have a correct aesthetic view and the knowledge and ability to feel and appreciate beauty; (2) Cultivate students' ability to express and create beauty; (3) Cultivate students' spiritual beauty and behavioral beauty. 19, the task of labor technology education: (1) Cultivate students' labor outlook and develop correct labor attitudes and habits; (2) Educate students to master some basic production knowledge and labor skills.

20. Compulsory education is a national education that school-age children and adolescents must accept according to law and is guaranteed by the state, society and family. Compulsory education is a kind of compulsory education. |||

2 1. Teachers are the organizers and leaders of educational work and play a leading role in the educational process. 22. Teaching and educating people is the fundamental task of teachers. 23. Characteristics of teachers' labor: (1) Complexity and creativity; (2) (time) continuity and (space) extensiveness; (3) long-term and indirect; (4) Subjectivity and demonstration.

24. Teachers' quality: professional ethics, knowledge and ability.

25. Students are the object of education, the subject of self-education and development, and the developing people.

26. The characteristics of the new teacher-student relationship in China are: (1) respecting teachers and loving students; (2) Democracy and equality; (3) Teaching and learning learn from each other. Fundamentally speaking, the establishment of a good teacher-student relationship depends on the education level of teachers.

27. Teaching is a bilateral activity composed of teachers and students to transfer and master social experience.

28, teaching is the basic way to achieve educational goals. Teaching is always instructive. Teaching is the central work of the school, and the work of the school must adhere to the principle of teaching priority and overall arrangement.

29. The teaching process is a process of teaching information feedback and bilateral activities between teachers and students. In teaching, teachers play a leading role and students are the main body. The leading role of teachers is not to replace doing everything.

30. Moral education is the central work of school education; Teaching is the central work of the school.

3 1. Principles to be followed in the compilation of subject curriculum standards and teaching materials: unity of ideological and scientific nature: integration of theory with practice; The combination of stability and the times; The combination of systematicness and acceptability.

32. Knowledge is not the same as intelligence, and how much knowledge is mastered does not indicate the level of intellectual development. It is wrong to combine the mastery of knowledge with the development of intelligence in the teaching process. Whether it is formal education theory (British Locke) or substantive education theory (British Spencer), it is wrong to focus only on the cultivation of ability.

33. Herbart put forward the law of the unity of knowledge imparting and ideological and moral education. |||| 34. Basic stage of teaching process: (1) Stimulate learning motivation; (2) Understanding knowledge (including the perception and understanding of teaching materials) is the central link in the teaching process; (3) consolidating knowledge; (4) applying knowledge; (5) Check knowledge.

35. Main teaching principles: (1) the principle of combining science and education; (2) the principle of integrating theory with practice; (3) the principle of intuition; (4) Heuristic principle; (5) The principle of gradual circulation; (6) the principle of merger; (7) The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude.

36. Two opposing teaching methods are heuristic and injection. Heuristics should be advocated and injection should be opposed. 37, the basic organizational form of teaching-class teaching system. 38, commonly used teaching methods:

(1) Teaching method based on language transmission: ① Teaching method: ② Speaking method; ⑧ Discussion method; 4 reading guidance method. (2) Teaching methods based on intuitive perception: ① Demonstration; ② Visiting method. (3) Teaching methods based on practical training: ① Practice method; ② Experimental methods: ⑧ Practical methods; ④ Practice the activity method. (4) Teaching method based on inquiry activity: discovery method. (5) Teaching methods based on emotional edification (experience): ① Appreciation teaching method; ② Situational teaching method.

39. The basic link of teaching work: (1) preparing lessons; (2) attending classes (the central link of teaching work); (3) assignment and correction of homework; (4) Extracurricular tutoring; (5) Evaluation of academic performance.

40. The basic requirements of a good class: (clear purpose; The content is correct; Reasonable structure; ; Appropriate methods; Language art; The blackboard writing is orderly; Relax. )|||

Moral education generally includes four basic aspects: political education, ideological education, law and discipline education and moral quality education. 42. The process of moral education is a process of cultivating and improving students' knowledge, feelings, intentions and actions. Knowledge, emotion, will and action are the four elements of moral psychology. Behavior is the key to the formation of students' ideological and moral character, and it is also the main symbol to measure a person's ideological and moral level. The process of virtue develops in the order of knowledge, emotion, will and action, but any one of the elements can be taken as the beginning of moral cultivation, that is, ideological and moral education is multifaceted, that is, the process of moral education is the process of cultivating and improving students' knowledge, emotion, will and action, and teachers should "reason with reason, move with emotion, persevere and guide them." 43. Activities and communication are the source and foundation of students' ideological and moral formation. 44. Principles of moral education: 1, principle of socialist orientation; 2. The principle of proceeding from students' reality; 3. The principle of unity of knowing and doing;

4. The principle of combining collective education with individual education; 5. The principle of combining positive education with discipline; 6. The principle of relying on positive factors and overcoming negative factors;

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7. Respect trust and strictly demand the principle of combining students; 8. The principle of consistency and coherence of educational influence. |||

45. makarenko's theory of parallel education: the principle of combining collective education with individual education.

46. Ways of moral education: Ideological and political courses are particularly important, while teaching in other disciplines is the most frequent and basic way. 47. Cultivation education includes personality cultivation, environmental cultivation and artistic cultivation. 48. The main tasks of a class teacher's work are: giving good classes and teaching students well;

The key links for a class teacher to do a good job in class work are: organizing and cultivating excellent class groups; The premise and foundation of effectively doing the work of class teachers are: fully understanding and studying students; The important symbol of the formation of class collective is the formation of correct collective public opinion. 49. The basic characteristics of the class collective: 1, a clear common goal; 2. A certain organizational structure; 3. Some standard of living together;

4. The atmosphere of mutual equality and psychological compatibility among collective members. ||||| 50. How do teachers organize and train class groups? 1, determine the development goals of the class collective; 2. Establish an effective class collective core; 3. Establish the normal order of the class collective; 4. Organize various educational activities; 5. Cultivate correct public opinion and good class spirit. 2. Psychology

5 1. Psychology is a science that studies psychological phenomena and their occurrence and development laws. Psychological phenomenon is also called psychological activity, including psychological process and personality psychology. 52. Psychological process: (1) cognitive process, including feeling, perception, memory, thinking and imagination; (2) Emotion and emotional process; (3) Meeting process. 53. Personality psychology: (1) Personality psychological tendency (including needs, motives, interests, beliefs, world outlook, attitudes, etc. (2) Personality psychological characteristics (including ability, temperament and personality).

54. The brain is the organ of psychology, and psychology is the function of the brain. The essence of human psychology: psychology is the subjective response of the human brain to objective reality.

55, the basic activity of the nervous system-reflex. |||

56. Consciousness is the highest form of human psychological reflection. The basic characteristics of consciousness: conscious purpose, subjective initiative, social constraints, and the coordination of two signal systems, mainly the second signal system.

57. Nature of Psychology: Psychology is an interdisciplinary subject between natural science and social science.

58. Demand type: (1) By source: physiological demand and social demand; (2) By object: material needs and spiritual needs.

59. Maslow's hierarchy of needs can be divided into physiological needs, security needs, love and belonging needs, respect needs and self-realization needs.

60. Incentive conditions: internal conditions are needs and external conditions are incentives. 6l。 Interest refers to the individual's psychological tendency to actively know, explore and engage in activities.

62. The quality characteristics of interest: tendentiousness (also called directionality), extensiveness, stability (also called persistence) and high efficiency. 63. Stimulation of learning motivation: (1) Stimulate interest and keep curiosity; ||| (2) Set reasonable goals;

(3) Cultivate a proper sense of self-efficacy; (4) Attribution training;

(5) Express clear expectations and make rational use of external rewards;