Preface to Sima Qian's Biography of Huo Zhi in Han Dynasty.
Laozi said: "The ultimate rule is that neighboring countries are facing each other, and the voices of chickens and dogs are endless. The people are willing to eat their food, dress their clothes, keep their customs, and enjoy their karma until they die. " If we must take this as a service, we can attract the eyes and ears of modern people, and then there will be fewer lines.
Tai Shigong said: Before Fu Shennong, I didn't know myself. Since the summer, as described in poems and books, my eyes and ears are eager to look good and listen well, my mouth is eager for low taste, my body is comfortable, and my heart is proud of potential energy. Let vulgarity gradually become popular for a long time. Although residents say it will be embarrassing, it will not change. Therefore, if a good person does it, he will benefit it, if he teaches it, he will be neat, and the bottom will compete with it.
Fujian is rich in timber, bamboo, bamboo and jade, Shandong is rich in fish, salt, lacquer, silk and timbre, and Jiangnan is rich in bangzi, ginger, cinnamon, gold, tin, lotus, cinnabar, rhinoceros, tortoise shell, pearl, tooth and leather. Copper and iron are thousands of miles away. This one is bigger, too. They are all loved by the people of China, and they are well-fed and have tools for life and death. Therefore, it is dangerous to wait for farmers to eat, and it is done by working and doing business. Is there a period of political and religious levy in Jinning? Everyone is allowed to do what he can and try his best to get what he wants. So cheap things are expensive, and expensive things are cheap. Everyone suggests his industry and enjoys it. If he goes underwater, he will come uninvited, and the people will come uninvited. Isn't it a symbol of Tao, but a test of evil by nature?
"Zhou Shu" said: "Without agriculture, there will be food shortage; If you can't get out of work, you will lack things; If there is no business, there will be three treasures; If you can't get out of danger, you will have less money. " There is little money, but mountains and rivers can't open. These four things are the source of food and clothing for the people. It turns out that the big one is forgiveness, and the small one is fresh. The upper class has money, and the lower class has money. The way of the rich and the poor, don't take it, the skillful one is more than enough, and the humble one is insufficient. Therefore, King Taigong was sealed in Yingshan, the land was barren and there were few people, so Taigong advised her to be a woman, extremely skilled, and pass the fish and salt barrier. When the characters arrived, they would return to it and converge. Therefore, Guan Qi wears clothes and shoes all over the world, and Haidai spends his leisure time in the DPRK. After that, the State of Qi declined, managed and established nine clans, so the Duke of Huan was the hero and nine Wang Ping ruled the world. The Guan family also has three returns, and it is in the position of accompanying ministers among the kings of various countries, and it is extremely rich. Therefore, Qi Fuqiang, as for.
Therefore, as the saying goes, "granary knows etiquette, food and clothing know honor and disgrace." Rites are born with something, but abandoned with nothing. Therefore, a gentleman is rich and good at his virtue; Little people have money and can do what they can. Deep and fish live, mountains are deep and beasts go, and people are rich and benevolent. Rich people get benefits and lose benefits, but the guests are not happy. Yidi is very helpful. As the saying goes, "the son of a thousand daughters will never die in the market." This is not empty talk. Therefore: "the world is bustling, all for profit; The world is bustling, all for profit. " The king of thousands of people, the king of thousands of families and the king of hundreds of families are still poor, but what about the people who form a family!
translate
Laozi said: "When ancient Taiping reached its peak, although people in neighboring countries could see each other and hear the voices of chickens and dogs, people thought their food was the sweetest, their clothes were the most beautiful, their customs were the most comfortable and their careers were the happiest. Therefore, old age and death do not interact. " It is almost impossible for anyone who aims at this goal to gild the lily in modern times, shielding the eyes and ears of ordinary people and letting them go back to ancient times. Tai Shigong said: I have no way of knowing what happened before Shennong. As for the situation since the summer recorded in The Book of Songs and The Book of History, we can still know that people's ears and eyes should try their best to enjoy the music of music and sound, and their mouths should eat all kinds of delicious food. The body is comfortable and happy, but the heart envies and boasts the glory of being strong and talented. This trend has been deeply rooted in people's hearts for a long time. Even if we use ingenious theories to persuade people from door to door, we can't make them change. Therefore, the best way for the people is to let nature take its course, then guide them according to the situation, then educate them, and then make laws and regulations to limit their development. The worst way is to compete with the people for profit.
The western part of Taihang Mountain is rich in wood, bamboo, Broussonetia papyrifera, wild hemp, oxtail and jade. East of Taihang Mountain is rich in fish, salt, lacquer and silk, as well as songs and dances and women's colors. Jiangnan produces nanshu, catalpa, ginger, cinnamon, gold, tin, lead, cinnabar, rhinoceros horn, hawksbill, pearl, ivory and leather; The north of Longmen and Jieshi is rich in horses, cattle, sheep, felt, wool, tendons and horns; As for copper and iron, they are distributed in the territory of thousands of miles, and mountains and rivers are produced everywhere, which is really dotted. This is the general situation. These are the necessities that people in the Central Plains love, and they are usually used to make things to wear, eat, drink, preserve health and die. Therefore, everyone relies on farmers to farm for food, people in distress to develop resources in the mountains, workers to make all kinds of utensils, and merchants to trade for goods to flow. Is there a political decree to levy and bind them? People do their work according to their abilities. Do your best to satisfy your desires. Therefore, cheap things are signs of being expensive, and expensive things are signs of being cheap. This stimulates people from all walks of life to work hard in their careers and regard work as fun, just like water flowing downwards, day and night. There is no need to call, they will deliver it themselves; There is no need to seek things, people will produce them themselves. Doesn't this prove that the work of agricultural safety industry and commerce conforms to the economic law? "Zhou Shu" said: "If farmers don't produce, they will lack food; If workers don't produce, they will lack utensils; Merchants do not transship, and grain, utensils and goods are cut off; If the monk doesn't produce, the goods are scarce. " Without wealth and commodities, Shanze's resources cannot be developed. Agriculture, industry, commerce and dangerous production are the sources of food and clothing for people. A big source makes you rich, while a small source makes you poor. If the source is large, it can make the country rich and the family rich. The rich and the poor have to rely on themselves. No one plundered him when he was rich, and no one gave him anything when he was poor, but there were more smart people than stupid people. Jiang Taigong is enclosed in Yingshan, where the land is saline-alkali land and there is little labor. Therefore, Jiang Taigong encourages women to spin, and tries their best to show their skills, so that local fish and salt can flow to other places. People with children on their backs gathered there in an endless stream, just like the spokes of a car gathered in the hub. Therefore, the crown-belt clothing and shoes produced by Qi are sold all over the world. The monarch of a small country between the East China Sea and Mount Tai respectfully rolled up his sleeves and came to Qi. Later, when Qi weakened halfway, Guan Zhong revised the Taigong policy, set up a Jiupin yamen and adjusted the cashier's currency. Qi Huangong took this opportunity to seek hegemony, met with governors for many times, and everything in the world was rectified, so Guanzhong also collected city rent. Although he is a minister, he is richer than the monarchs of other countries. Therefore, the prosperity of Qi continued until the times of Qi Weiwang and Qi Xuanwang.
Therefore, Guan Zhong said: "Only when the warehouse is full can the people understand etiquette, be well-fed and well-fed, and be able to distinguish honor from disgrace." Etiquette comes into being when you are rich and is abandoned when you are poor. Therefore, a rich gentleman is benevolent; Only when civilians are rich can they adjust their labor force. In deep water, fish will naturally gather; When the mountain is deep, the beast will naturally run; When people get rich, benevolence and righteousness naturally join. When the rich gain power, their reputation becomes more prominent; Once you lose power, you will have no home like a stranger, so you will be unhappy. In Yidi, the situation is even worse. As the saying goes, "People who have daughters will not die in the market." This is not empty talk. Therefore, it is said: "People in the world are happy and happy, all for financial gain; Everyone in the world is clamoring for money. " The monarch with thousands of chariots, the princes of every household in the city, and the doctors of every household are all afraid of poverty, not to mention the common people!