For example:
Keywords Yong Ni, Buso, Japanese guest quota, land quota, craftsman handsome eight matches,
Luo Yu, Mobikaba, Nanny Chunba, Mosiba, Notaba, Nanny Ivo, Tuga, Xilang and so on.
Tujia people have a natural affinity for nature, so their names are often related to nature. For example, Tujia nationality at the foot of Longshanpo, most of the baby names given to children now are Tujia language.
For example, Remu (beautiful bamboo), Haimu (prosperous bamboo), Arjun Shiyong (general under the rock), Barbie (hill) and Mai (celestial official) are the official language records of the ruling class: according to the historical book "Biography of Nanman Southwest", Nanjun, Cuba County is among the five surnames.
Tujia surname is similar to that of Han nationality. Except Tian, Xiang, Qin, Peng and Ran, the population ranking order of other surnames such as Li, Yang, Wang, Zhang, Liu, Chen, Zhao, Huang and Zhou is similar to that of Han nationality.
The second is China's name and surname attached on the way to the Central Dynasty.
This situation is very complicated. Simply put, a toast was given to a Han, and everyone under his jurisdiction attached to his surname.
The ancient Han people stipulated that barbarians were not allowed to become officials, and some people bought the genealogy of the Han people in order to become officials. It reached a small peak in the Ming Dynasty, so that many genealogies of Miao and Tujia in southwest China came from Jiangxi.
Another is to return to the surname of the extended family. Land-lost farmers naturally cling to their surnames after returning to their extended families. If the children of these farmers gain fame, the extended family is more willing to recognize them as clans. 1. In the 12th year of Qingganlong in Datian, Taoyuan (1747), an ancestral hall was built in Dongluojiadian, County. Genealogy was founded in 193 1 year.
2. Tom Taoyuan Qinshi Ancestral Hall is located in Dongmen Bridge of the county seat. Genealogy was created in 1929.
3. In the forty-five years of the Ming Jiajing of Qin family in Shimen (1566), the genealogy was revised in Guangyu Hall, in the sixth year of Qing Daoguang (1826), in the first year of Guangxu (1875) and in the fourth year (1922). In the 18th year of Jiaqing (18 13), Jiurutang revised the genealogy, in the 8th year of Guangxu (1882) and in the 3rd year (193 1). In 2004, Guangyutang, Jiurutang and Quanfu jointly compiled genealogy. Ci School: Following Zong Guang's help in the world, his family has a long voice, his articles follow the right path, his career helps Tang Ming, he is loyal, loyal and gentle, his courtiers are often frustrated, he is prosperous from generation to generation, and he is determined to learn from the sages, recruiting talented people to step on Shou Kang, which is auspicious and prosperous in prosperity.
4. The genealogy of Qin clan in Shimen was revised in the 19th year of Jiaqing (18 14), the 8th year of Guangxu (1882) and the 3rd year (193 1). Old school: The great powers of the Ming Dynasty had self-esteem, the universe was harmonious and met saints, and they used martial arts to think about the past and think about the future. From then on, they wrote articles and spread strategies and glory all over the world. Lan Guiteng was always Shao Fen.
5. In the first year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1875), 192 1 year, in 2004, Qin's genealogy was co-edited with Tianshungong, and now there are more than 2,200 people. Pai Yu: The fist shows that Hongbaoshi is a double armor Yun Xiang, always a pioneer, and at its peak, he is a scholar and helps Ming.
6. The genealogy of Qin clan in Lixian and Tianjin was revised for the first time in Ming Dynasty, the second time in the first year of Qing Daoguang (182 1), the third time in the seventeenth year of Guangxu (189 1), and the fourth time in 1947. In 2004, it merged with Shimen Guangyu Hall and Jiurutang. Paiyu is the same as the Qin family in Shimen Guangyu Hall.
7. Ciliqin compiled a genealogy in Guangxu thirty years (1904).
8. Bali Bridge in Mayang, the old discussion school of Mayang CCBA in Lancun Qin: In Qing Dynasty, the Emperor of Heaven started (promoted) the generation, the ancestor (zong) deguang Fiona Fang, the humanity was less nationalized, Cheng Kaishi wrote, and Changda started to sound (the old word "light" versus the new school "Li"). 1990 The new words in the genealogy of Wugong family are: Hongdu Jingzhao Hall, Hakka in the Book of Songs, determined to assist Chaogang, take root in luxuriant branches and leaves, accumulate jade and make a fortune, enjoy a long and healthy life, and celebrate the Millennium scenery, which will be passed down from generation to generation.
9. The Qin family tree in Santanping, Zhangjiajie was founded in the 28th year of Qing Daoguang (1848) and was renewed in 1994. Santan Yinyue School: Liang Shang Zong Guangzuo Jia Sheng Qing Yuan's long essay is acceptable. Shimen platoon ranking: the world follows the right path with Zongguang Zuojia's voice celebrating the distant articles. Maogang Royal Academy: Written by Yin Ting, Hong Sheng and Chunzu Xi Zhong during the reign of Jiashi Deyong. China Lake School: The history of the university wrote a long article about Confucius and Mencius. Xuanjiayu School: Gege Gege is spreading the teachings of Confucius and Mencius and writing articles. Factions in the bamboo circle: Wan's long article "Three Fires for a New Official" is acceptable. Langxi ranks: Wan, Xin Guan, Qi, Zuze Yan Hengyong. Dazhuang sent a faction: Zong Yin Zhong Wende Jiasheng Qingyuan Changwen was acceptable. Wuxi School: You xiaoxing Shi Mao Qi Xi Shi Kai Cheng Da Yun Guang De Yong. The official faction: Liang Shangzong Guangzuo, a long family voice, a correct article, a prosperous foundation, a country name, a first contribution, and a preface. Especially self-association, loyalty is before the show. Poetry should be detailed, and laurels should be held high. Lanting is full of fragrance, Confucianism is humble, and Xikang is practiced more, which is in line with the original history of Beijing.
10. The Tian Ancestral Hall in Duojia Bridge in Taoyuan is located in Duojia Bridge. Genealogy was founded in the 22nd year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1896), and was renewed in 1946.
1 1. Taoyuan Wuxi Tianshi (1890) In the sixteenth year of Guangxu, the ancestral hall was built in Rangjiaba. Genealogy was established in the 21st year of Guangxu (1895).
12 years, the genealogy was revised for the first time between Tianming and Chongzhen in Baiyang Lake, Shimen, twice in the 16th year of Qingganlong (175 1), three times in the 9th year of Xianfeng (1859) and four times in 1928. Ci school: all kinds of scholars (should) be pure and virtuous, and they will last forever. Their families are Qing Yu and Zude Rongchang. In 2005, the Tian family in northwest Hunan jointly revised the genealogy and drew up the general school: Dai was graceful and luxurious, the ancestral temple was restored to vitality, and it was safe and cheerful, and it was strict and healthy. Baiyang Hutian adopted the general school after the word "Yu".
Huangxiping, Shimen, Ma 'anpu Shi Tian School 13: Jin Yong arrives in Xiangguang, and Zhong Bing is beautiful. Books spread to Zong Ze, and classics enlighten sages. After the word "zong", it is adopted by all schools. The genealogy of Ma 'anpu Temple was first compiled in the second year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1863). Up to now, the population has exceeded 1000. The school said: Bravely worship Confucius and Mencius, the program will last for 10,000 minutes, inherit the virtues of the world, restore the prosperity of the family, and make the sacred dynasty become righteous and proud of the country. After the word "tide" is the general school.
14, Shimen Moshi School: Yong Ting Xing Shiying, Qi Wenming, Bang, Hong. After the word "health" is the general school.
15, Fenghuang Tian Ci School: 1. "Ancestors celebrate Ying, as quiet as a thatched cottage in Hong Ren". Second, "Rong Taigu has loyalty."
16. Peng's family in Luoping, Zhijiang moved to their ancestral home, originally from Ji 'an, Jiangxi, and moved to Hunan because Guan Chenguo's secretariat was located in Luoping Township, Zhijiang. Ethnic groups are distributed in Magongping, Yongshun and Baojing.
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18, Xipeng School Language of Mayang Tuqiao: Zhijing Pavilion is large and medium-sized, and everything in Shitianzhong is beautiful, and Zude must be glorious, and the immortal is hairy, and the seven phases are prosperous.
19, Mayang Pengxiao dialect: From a scholar to the ages, I aim at prosperity, and I show my civil and military politics day by day, celebrating Longchang from generation to generation.
20. Sangzhi Peng's ancestral hall is in the county seat.
2 1, Taoyuan Qingyun Shixiang ancestral hall is in Xiangjiaping. Genealogy was founded in 194 1 year.
22. In the thirteenth year of Yongzheng (1735), the ink spectrum was created and revised in Daliping, Taoyuan, in the eighth year of Guangxu (1882), the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), the year of Xuantongyuan (1909) and/kloc.
23. In the twelfth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1862), Taoyuan Taiping Temple was built in Taiping Temple. The genealogy was established in the 12th year of Daoguang (1832), and was renewed in 19 14 years.
24. Sangzhi Zhuyeping merged with the old toast during the Republic of China.
25. In the sixteenth year of Daoguang in Yiyang Qing Dynasty (1836), two branches began to compile genealogies, which were called three revisions, four revisions in Guangxu four years (1878) and five revisions in 19 17. Xian Siam Public School: It is said that delay is in the order of virtue, and people with lofty ideals must inherit it first, build a foundation to loosen the country and greatly open up the family business. Hongde college said: celebrities take morality as the order, benevolent people take the lead, build a foundation and secure the country, and enlighten their families.
26. Phoenix urn came to Yang's Ancestral Hall in Xinchang Township, Fenghuang County, and Qing Daoguang began to repair his genealogy in three years. In the 16th year of Qing Daoguang, he joined hands with Yangka and Yang Zhiying to build ancestral temples and county towns. 27. In the sixteenth year of Qing Daoguang, the ancestral hall was in the county seat.
28. In the sixteenth year of Qing Daoguang in Zhiying Yang, Phoenix, genealogy was compiled, and the ancestral temple was in the county seat.
29. The ancestor of Huaihua Yang Ming was male. The third ancestor preferred to move to Tongren, Guizhou; The first one moved to Dong Bang, Jiudang, Zhu Yi County, Jingzhou, and the first one gave birth to seven sons: Zheng Jin lived in Tuokou, Zheng Yu lived in Yantouwan, Hongjiang, Zheng Man lived in Rock, Tang Zheng lived in Xinluhe, Fu Zheng lived in Zhou Mu, Chenxi, Lu Zheng lived in Luxi and Zheng Shou lived in Taipingmen, Changde. The purlin gave birth to four sons: he settled in Longjiawan (later changed to Yangjiadi) in Tongan (Wantong); Only live in Yangjiatian, Wolong; Only after entering Baiyan Qingshan (Huangxi); Cai Zhen lives in an air beach.
30. Forty years after Qianlong in Qing Yang, Wolong, Huaihua (1775), the ancestral hall was built in the old house in Wolong. Tujia language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, and its branches are uncertain, but there are branches of Yi language. Because most people have lived with the Han nationality for a long time, they began to use Chinese and Chinese very early. Regarding the lineage of Tujia language, Luo Changpei and Fu Maoji wrote A Survey of the Languages and Literature of Ethnic Minorities in China, which mentioned: "... some features of Tujia language are similar to Yi language, and it is still inconclusive whether it should be temporarily classified into Yi language branch".
Most people speak Chinese, and today only a few inhabited areas still retain Tujia language. There is no national script, but the Latin script created by 1984 is currently used (there is also a "Bitz script scheme" created by Bitzka elites combining Chinese, Japanese and Tibetan vowels).
Tujia language is a general term for Bizka and Monz. However, because Mongolian has always been a minority language with few users, Tujia language is generally referred to as Biji language, which has been a common language in Wuling Mountain area for more than 1000 years. Tujia language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family, and its branches are uncertain. One branch belongs to Yi language (with similar pronunciation) and the other belongs to Qiang language (with high degree of adhesion), but the difference between Biji language and most Tibetan-Burmese languages is very obvious, and of course it is more different from Chinese, Miao-Yao language and Zhuang-Dong language, so Tujia language branch is generally set up separately. Biji is a cohesive language and Monz is an analytical language. Bijie dialect is divided into Longshan dialect and Baojing dialect (note: Baojing dialect used to be divided into Shasha dialect and Xiami dialect, but they are very close to Longshan dialect, so Tibetan and Burmese scholars tend to merge them into the same dialect after 2006). There are still differences in whether there are jawed sounds and vowels on the tip of Longshan dialect.
Huma, another branch of Tujia language, only exists in Dadongxi, Wangmu Village, Langxi Township, Yongshun County. Due to the isolation of things, Tujia people outside the mountain have been sinicized under the influence of Chinese culture, but the original Tujia culture has been preserved here, and Huma language has also been well preserved.
Biji and Monz are too different to communicate. There are basically no obstacles in the dialogue between Biji and two mother tongues. Even though it is more traditional than the basic language, it has been influenced by the southwest mandarin since it was changed to the mother tongue. Voiced consonants b, d, g, dz and d? Obviously, but this change is not complete. Only when the first syllable after a natural pause is voiced, it becomes unvoiced and unvoiced, and the rest of the time is voiced. However, in the original unvoiced syllable, when the first syllable after the pause is unvoiced, the air supply is strong, and the air supply is weak at other times, and occasionally it is not aspirated. Therefore, we should pay more attention to this point, get rid of the influence of southwest mandarin on the pronunciation of Biji dialect since the reform, maintain the binary opposition mode of clarity and turbidity, and eliminate the inconvenience of two spellings of the same word. However, Mongolian is deeply influenced by the surrounding languages (mainly Hunan and Miao), and its pronunciation is far from Biji. Grammatically, it runs counter to the high attachment of Biji language, completely giving up attachment and becoming an analytical language.
1983 In the spring, Tujia scholars Peng and Ye Deshu from the Ethnic Studies Office of Jishou University accepted the opinions of some representatives of Longshan, Yongshun, Baojing, Guzhang and Zhouzhi during the NPC session. In accordance with the principle of creating minority languages proposed by the Prime Minister and the northern Tujia dialect phonetic system, Peng and Ye Deshu revised the "Tujia Pinyin Scheme (Draft)" in combination with the opinions of experts and professors from various fields this autumn.