First, the new culture movement.
The New Culture Movement is an ideological and cultural innovation and literary revolutionary movement initiated by Hu Shi, Chen Duxiu, Lu Xun, Qian, Li Dazhao and other people who have received western education (then called New Learning).
19 15, Chen Duxiu published an article in New Youth (formerly known as Youth Magazine), advocating democracy and science (formerly known as Mr. De and Mr. Sai). This movement dealt a heavy blow to the traditional ethics that ruled China for more than two thousand years, stimulated people's democratic consciousness, promoted the development of modern science in China, and laid an ideological foundation for the spread of Marxism in China and the outbreak of the May 4th patriotic movement. The publication of "New Youth" marks the official start of the New Culture Movement in China.
Second, the vernacular movement.
The vernacular movement is an integral part of the new culture movement. The magazine "New Youth" was the main position of progressive thought at that time. 19 17 In June, Hu Shi published "My humble opinion on literary improvement" in New Youth, proposing "eight noes" and advocating "living literature", which was the beginning of the whole vernacular movement. Since the first issue of Volume IV was published in June 65438 +0965438+2008 10, New Youth has changed to vernacular and published some new poems with new punctuation marks, which has played an important role in the spread of revolutionary ideas and the development of literary creation. In particular, Mr. Lu Xun, a great writer, thinker and revolutionary, published the first vernacular novel Diary of a Madman in the history of modern literature in China in May 19 18.
1920 65438+ 10, according to the decree issued by the Ministry of Education at that time, Chinese classes were also taught in schools all over the country. "This marks the initial victory of the May 4th vernacular movement.