In the first year of Yongchu (420), Emperor Wu of Song abolished and became emperor on his own, with the title of Song and its capital of Jiankang, and the Southern Dynasties began. During his reign, he learned the lessons of the powerful and overbearing gentry.
Centralization, restraining the merger of powerful countries, terminating land, rectifying bureaucrats, reusing the poor, developing production, neglecting tax collection, abolishing harsh laws, trying cases in person, revitalizing education, sending envoys to visit the people on a trial basis in various counties and counties, and improving political and social conditions, thus ending the era of dictatorship of the gate valve and restoring and developing agricultural production in South China. It laid a solid foundation for Yuanjia's rule and also laid the embryonic form of politics in the Southern Dynasties. Li Zhi, a great thinker in the Ming Dynasty, praised him as "the king who set aside chaos to promote prosperity".
He made great contributions to the economic development in the south of the Yangtze River and the protection and development of Han culture, and created the broadest period of the Six Dynasties in Jiangzuo, and was known as the "first emperor in the Southern Dynasties".
Due to its partial security, the Eastern Jin always faced threats from the north. Zu Ti, Yu Liang, Yin Hao and Huan Wen all went to the Northern Expedition successively, but none of them succeeded. In order to make the country strong, Emperor Wu of Song decided to move north.
In the fifth year of Yixi (409), Murong De, the leader of Southern Yan, died, and his nephew Murong Chao captured the position, defeated the Huai River and was captured as the satrap of two counties in Shanxi, driving away more than a thousand people. Emperor Wu of song therefore went to the Northern Expedition. In March, he led the Jin army north.
Southern Yan general Gongsun saw the mighty Jinshi on the fifth floor and suggested to Murong Chao to seize Daxian (now Yixian County, Shandong Province), but he was rejected. Emperor Wu of Song seized the opportunity, ventured over Daxian Pass, conquered Linyou (now Yexian County, Shandong Province) at one stroke, and seized a lot of trench. Then, with the personal encouragement of Emperor Wu of Jin, the Jin army quickly advanced to Yandou Optical Valley (now Yidu). Murong Chao fled to the city and couldn't hold on. The two sides entered a stalemate.
On the one hand, the Jin army surrounded the optical valley and enriched the army with the food of Yan people; On the one hand, we accepted the surrender and adopted the strategy of disintegration. Southern Yan general Huan Zun brothers and Xuzhou secretariat Duan Hong joined in succession, especially the capture of Shang Shulang Zhang Gang, which was very beneficial to Emperor Wu of Song. Finally, it was with his siege equipment that Yan Dou was captured alive and Murong Chao was captured alive. Emperor Wu of song killed three thousand people below the maharaja to vent their anger on the grounds that the optical valley had been kept for a long time.
When the territory of Qi was conquered, Liu Yu wanted to stop Pi in the town and wander around Heluo, but Sun En's brother-in-law Lu Xun gathered the remnants of Sun En and defeated Jin Jun in (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). Emperor Wu of song had to move troops back to the DPRK. After returning to Beijing, Du Fu's poems successively suppressed Lu Xun, wiped out the influence of Liu Yi and Qiao Zong in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and drove Sima Xiu away, forming a situation of great unification in the south that has never happened in the past hundred years.
In January of the 12th year of Yixi (AD 4 16), Yao Xing, the master of the late Qin Dynasty, died, and Yao Hong succeeded to the throne, with frequent internal rebellions and unstable political power. Emperor Wu of song thinks this is a good opportunity for the demise of the Qin Dynasty. When Emperor Wu of Song tried to appease the northern people with the reputation of Jinshi, he wanted to make a northern expedition in the name of Sima, so Sima wrote to send troops to repair Jinshan, and finally Emperor Wu of Song set out with Sima.
In August, Emperor Wu of Song took Wei Liu Shangshu as his left servant, who was always in charge of the internal affairs and provided stores to the outside world, and led the army to the Northern Expedition in four ways. In September, Emperor Wu of Song arrived in Pengcheng. General Long Xiang and top scholar Tan Daoji led the troops from Huai and Fei to Xu and Luo. At the end of Qin Dynasty, all the defenders stopped, and 8 Jin Army advanced by leaps and bounds. 10, Wang Zhene army occupied Luoyang.
In the first month of the following year, Liu left his son to guard and led his army north. At this time, the Northern Wei Dynasty sent 100,000 troops to Hebei to ride and harass 8 Jin Army. Emperor Wu of song in the March, although stood still beat Wei Jun with a crossbow, but the marching speed was much slower. After Wang Zhene army arrived in Tongguan from Luoyang, it defended the main force of Qin, and the route for providing foodstuff in Ji Jun of Tandao was also cut off by Yao Shao, the general of Qin. 8 jin j is in danger at the moment.
Wang and Tan turned to Emperor Wu of Song for help, but Emperor Wu of Song was distracted by the Northern Wei army. Thanks to the help of the local people, Tongguan Jin Jun turned the corner. In July, Emperor Wu of Song got rid of Wei Jun and entered the mountain city; Striker Shen broke through Wuguan and entered (now Lantian, Shaanxi). In August, Emperor Wu of Song went to Tongguan to meet the ministries.
In order to alleviate the crisis of being attacked on both sides, Yao Hong, the king of Qin, planned to destroy Chen Tian's army first, and then resist Emperor Wu of Song, so he rode tens of thousands of military forces in a hurry. Kanda Zijun was originally a suspected army, but there were more than 1000 people, but they fought in their own way and were extremely brave. After several attacks, Yao Hong was defeated and returned to Chang 'an. At this point, Wang Zhene broke through the Tongguan defense line, marched forward, captured Chang 'an in one fell swoop, and Yao Hong led the ministers to surrender.