1. The conditions for the independence of pedagogy mainly include: the rich accumulation of educational knowledge in the pre-pedagogy period in history; 17-19 century educational practice, especially the objective needs of the development of normal education; The general trend of scientific classification development since modern times and the establishment of general scientific methods: the unremitting efforts of some famous scholars and scientists in modern times. 2. The marks of the independence of pedagogy mainly include: education has become a special research field in the research object; In terms of the concepts and categories used, it has formed an educational concept, category and concept and category system that specifically reflects the essence and laws of education; In terms of research methods, there are "scientific" research methods; In terms of research results, some special and systematic educational works have appeared; Organizationally, specialized educational research institutions have emerged. It took about 200 years before and after the sign appeared. Therefore, the independence of pedagogy is a historical process, not completed in an instant.
Independent landmark works
British scholar Bacon put forward pedagogy as an independent science for the first time in the article The Value and Development of Science (1623). Comenius, a Czech educator [2], published the first systematic pedagogy book in modern times, The Great Teaching Theory-Comenius.
( 1632)。 Locke, a British philosopher, published Random Talk on Education (1693) and put forward a complete theory of "gentleman education". Rousseau, a French thinker, published Emile (1762), which profoundly expressed the bourgeois educational thought. In Kant's On Education (1803), the German philosopher Kant clearly put forward the proposition that "the method of education must become a science" and "educational experiment". Swiss educator Pestalozzi wrote Lienhard and Goddard (178 1 ~ 1787) and put forward the idea of "making human education psychological". Herbart, a German psychologist and educator, is known as "the father of modern pedagogy" or "the founder of scientific pedagogy". His General Pedagogy (1806) is recognized as the first modern pedagogy work.