As for the four books and five classics you said, you can't understand them. It's not that ancient Chinese grammar is not good. But because these books were published early, about 2500 years ago, they belonged to ancient Chinese, and even people in the Tang and Song Dynasties rarely understood them, let alone now. Haven't you heard the saying, "every family has its own problems;" Do you know that?/You know what? In order to carry forward Confucianism, Zhu, a great scholar in the Song Dynasty, compiled four books, chapters and sentences, Analects of Confucius and other books to explain these classics, and Confucianism was carried forward. Time flies, and now it's 2 1 century. At that time, simple books that explained Confucianism, such as Four Books, Notes on Chapters and Sentences, Notes on the Analects of Confucius, became difficult to understand. What should we do?
I think there are also many masters who study Chinese classics. They take it as their responsibility to promote Chinese studies, and they have worked hard for decades to make increasingly difficult Chinese studies books interesting and fascinating. You should read their books! The classic Yi Tong series published by Hunan University Press is recommended, including four books: A New Interpretation of Wen Xin Diao Long, A New Interpretation of the Book of Changes, A New Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius and A General Introduction to the Book of Songs.
2. What books should I study first and what reference books are there? In the study of classical Chinese, there are often opportunities but mistakes, so it is difficult to get high marks. Some beginners feel confused and don't know where to start.
Based on my own learning experience, this paper makes a general review of the study of ancient Chinese. First of all, we need to realize that what we say in classical Chinese is just words in ancient people's daily conversations, just like our current Mandarin.
Therefore, it is not difficult to learn classical Chinese well, but it is difficult to have literary talent. Combined with my own learning experience, if the foundation of ancient Chinese is weak, it is suggested to study in the following order: 1. Read Sanzi Jing, Qianzi Wen, Revelation of Melody, Duiyun by Li Weng and The Book of Songs (excerpt), and be able to recite fluently (the above three-character and four-character short sentences all have the beauty of melody.
3. Sanyan Erpai, Historical Records, Warring States Policy and Zi Tongzhi Jian have better written versions. The above series are mainly historical books and literary novels, which are easy to understand and interesting, but also have high literariness and readability.
You can read it as an extracurricular book, as long as you understand it, and you don't need to recite it (primary school students don't recommend three words and two beats, and children don't). 4. The above nine books, Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Yan Jia Xun, Caigen Tan, Dongpo Laughing Forest, Laughing Forest Guang Ji, Small Window You Ji, Six Chapters of a Floating Life, Nightmare Shadow and Zeng Guofan's Letters, mainly involve the self-cultivation of the ancients, with short and easy-to-understand length and rich philosophy.
You can extract classic paragraphs and recite them. 5. Introduction to China Ancient Literature, Miscellaneous Notes on Classics and History, Ancient Literary Words, Collected Works of Tongcheng School, Notes on Water Classics, A Journey to Galand in Luoyang, Xunzi, Mencius, Zhuangzi and Han Feizi.
Generally speaking, the development of prose has gone through five important stages: pre-Qin, Han, Wei and Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Tang and Song Dynasties, and the turn of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The above ten books occupy a very important position in these five stages, which can be said to have their own advantages: Guanzhi of Ancient Literature, Miscellaneous Records of Classics and History, and Class of Ancient Literature and Parts of Speech are magnificent collections of famous works of ancient and modern times, but each has its own advantages, and Guanzhi of Ancient Literature is relatively basic and less difficult; The latter two are more difficult and suitable for learners with certain accumulation.
Most of the masterpieces of Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty are included in these three books, so they are not listed separately. Mencius has incisive reasoning, fluent writing and vivid language; "Zhuangzi" uses fables to describe Wang Yang's arbitrariness and vividness; Xunzi is good at reasoning, full of arguments, profound thoughts and meticulous logic. Han Feizi used fables and historical materials to demonstrate in a simple way, and saw the same philosophy.
These four books are the pinnacle of the pre-Qin period. Galand in Luoyang and Notes on Water Mirror are miscellaneous, and geographical customs and mountain customs are all involved. These two books are representative works of Tongcheng School in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and can be regarded as their continuation.
Tongcheng school plays an important role in the retro school in Ming and Qing dynasties, Tang and Song school, public security school and other schools. Influenced by stereotyped writing, most articles in Ming and Qing Dynasties lacked momentum and aura, but there were also some great men such as Yao Nai and Gui Youguang. We might as well learn from many aspects and confirm each other, so as to form a global view.
You can read the above articles about the theme and choose some of them to copy and recite. In addition, when learning ancient Chinese, you need to prepare a reference book, just one.
This is the Dictionary of Ancient Chinese edited by Wang Li. Matters needing attention: A. It should be noted that "Ancient prose Guanzhi" is the most famous and widely circulated. Students who want to learn ancient prose often want to take shortcuts, thinking that the purpose of ancient prose communication can be achieved by memorizing the articles in "Ancient prose Guanzhi".
View of China's Ancient Literature is just one of Selected Works of China's Ancient Literature. Although it is representative to some extent, the original intention of writing this book is to be used as a strategy in the imperial examination, so some articles with strong stereotyped writing atmosphere are selected. What's more, China's traditional culture is extensive and profound, and we need to dabble in it more to broaden our horizons and reach the realm of "not afraid of floating clouds covering our eyes, but afraid of the highest realm".
B as far as learning methods are concerned, learning a language is four magic weapons: listening, speaking, reading and writing. For ancient Chinese, the most important thing is reading and reciting.
It is suggested to recite more classic works of ancient Chinese, and then read the theme, so that we can gradually find the laws and feelings of ancient people using language, or rather, the sense of language. After finding a sense of language, it is not difficult to learn to do problems every day.
C finally, if you are not interested in classical Chinese, but only focus on doing the questions, then my suggestion is to clarify the meaning and usage of some common words in the textbook, such as real function words and generic words, as well as some special sentence patterns, such as top truth and predicate prepositions, and be able to recite some classic paragraphs skillfully. If you want to get a higher score in the ancient part of the exam, you must read the ancient and vernacular versions of Historical Records and Zi Tongzhijian, so that you can translate them yourself.
In the daily examination, the topic is often to choose someone's deeds, and then contact the knowledge of ancient Chinese to investigate. The so-called ever-changing cannot be separated from it. These two books are biographical and chronological, which are very representative. Most of the essays in the exam choose similar articles for investigation.
It is very necessary to read through these two books.
3. Who has an introductory book in classical Chinese, The Analects of Confucius, regardless of its truth geometry, the most important thing is concise and easy to understand.
Secondly, the History of the Three Kingdoms and the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, because they are books like the History of the Three Kingdoms, have a good understanding of the content and the semi-vernacular language.
And then it's almost there. ...
The selected articles in China's View of Ancient Literature are concise, short and pithy, which is a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation, from which it is not difficult to see the editor's meticulous and thoughtful eyes.
I remember someone said "Historical Records" and "The Book of Songs", which I didn't like very much. Because I don't like history very much, I don't like the former, and the latter is too simple and meaningful, so I don't watch it often. However, these two books are really good in improving ancient Chinese reading.
The book Shi Shuo Xin Yu is OK, because it was recommended by a junior high school teacher. It is a note novel produced in the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty in China, which mainly narrates anecdotes of characters in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Its text is short and pithy, suitable for reading. At that time, the teacher also said that the senior high school entrance examination had a trend in this book. ...
Dongpo's anthology personally appreciates Su Dongpo.
Ma Shuo Yongzhou Eight Notes, Man Jing Travel Notes, Yueyang Tower Notes ... These essays are all beautiful and worth reading.
4. I want to write an article, a book about how to introduce articles, especially grammar, because my basic title is "Handbook of Basic Chinese Knowledge" Editor: Xue Jinxing Publishing House: Beijing Education Publishing House Price: 18.9 (generally 20% discount) Note: This book I bought has been revised 14 times, and it is sold everywhere. It explains some pinyin, grammar, idioms and notes. This book also classifies the commonly used words in classical Chinese, and summarizes some commonly used verbs, function words and post prepositions in classical Chinese. You can see for yourself! There are also some summaries of literary common sense. Ancient poems and famous sentences basically include all famous sentences from junior high school to senior high school. Don't covet reference books, it is more effective to understand one thoroughly.