1. condorcet plan
Condorcet (1743-1794) was one of the leaders of the Gironde Party, the ruling party of the big bourgeoisie during the Great Revolution. He is a philosopher and mathematician, in charge of the public education committee. 1792 in April, he organized a five-member team to draft a comprehensive education plan, and proposed that the state should set up secular free schools.
The plan proposes that the state should undertake the responsibility of educating its male and female citizens and establish a unified and interrelated school system, including primary schools (four years), senior primary schools (three years), middle schools (five years) and specialized schools (universities). Among them, primary schools are universal, all school-age children must enter school, and extensive general education and labor education are implemented; Senior primary schools recruit primary school graduates with better equipment and pay attention to practical education; In addition to completing general education, middle schools also carry out education in agricultural, military and medical expertise; Specialized schools are institutions of higher education that replace the old universities and train talents who hold government positions and engage in research work.
Condorcet suggested a unified school management system. He advocated abolishing religious education and teaching students the bourgeois constitution and the Declaration of Human Rights. Strengthen science education, especially the teaching of mathematics and physics knowledge, because this knowledge is not only of great practical value to the development of industry, but also beneficial to people's intellectual development.
The basic spirit of the condorcet Plan had a great influence on French education in the19th century, but it reflected the interests of the big bourgeoisie. It demands universal primary education, and schools at all levels implement a free system, but it fails to provide any material guarantee for poor children to receive education.
2. Repetti program
Ray Roland (1758-1793) first criticized condorcet's plan in his own plan, pointing out that it only declared universal primary education, without considering the material conditions for implementing such education. In order to truly achieve universal education, Repatti advocated the establishment of "National Education Home", which is a boarding school organized by the state, enrolling all boys and girls aged 5 to 12, and the state provided them with food and clothing. Its source of funds is to levy progressive income tax on the labor income of the rich and their children. He emphasized that "the education expenses of the poor should be borne by the rich". The management of "National Education Home" should involve parents and take turns to participate in all school life for one week every year. At school, students should receive moral, intellectual, physical and labor education and cultivate healthy, honest, disciplined and patriotic French citizens.
The Repatti Plan represents the interests of the radical petty bourgeoisie in the revolution, and it is more democratic and revolutionary than the condorcet Plan. The plan was discussed by the National Association for many times, and was revised and passed in 1793, but it was soon abolished.