(A) emotional interaction

All kinds of feelings do not exist in isolation, but are interrelated and restricted. The interaction between different senses can change, reduce or improve sensitivity. For example, visual perception will change under the influence of hearing. Studies have proved that weak auditory stimulation can improve visual color sensitivity, while strong noise can significantly reduce visual discrimination sensitivity. Therefore, teachers should speak softly in class, not loudly, so as not to affect children's sensibility.

Generally speaking, under the interaction of emotions, weak stimulation improves the sensitivity of the analyzer, while strong stimulation reduces the sensitivity of the analyzer.

(2) adaptation

The same receptor will also change its sensitivity due to continuous stimulation, sometimes showing the complete disappearance of sensation. As the old saying goes, "If you stay in Lan Zhi's room for a long time, you won't smell its fragrance, but if you stay in abalone's room for a long time, you won't smell its stink", that is, the sense of smell disappears completely.

Adaptation is sometimes characterized by insensitivity. For example, if you put your hand in cold water, the feeling brought by cold stimulation will gradually decrease. For another example, when you enter a bright place from a semi-dark room, you can't see anything at first, and then the sensitivity of the visual analyzer decreases, so that you can distinguish the surrounding situation.

Adaptation is also manifested in the improvement of sensitivity. For example, when you first entered the darkroom, you couldn't see anything. Under the action of weak stimulation, the sensitivity of the eyes is improved and things can be seen gradually. This is called dark adaptation. Teachers should pay attention to the phenomenon of visual adaptation when leading children into dark places, such as cinemas, places with slides or darkrooms, and stop for a while before taking action to let their eyes adapt first. For example, let the children smell a certain smell, and don't smell it for too long, so as not to be able to distinguish it because of adaptation.

(3) Comparison

When similar but opposite feelings interact, the sensitivity of the other party can be enhanced, which is the phenomenon of contrast. For example, white and black, red and green, cold and hot, sweet and sour occur at the same time or successively, which can make the two feelings stronger. Red flowers and green leaves will be more vivid. Eat sour first and then sweet, and you will feel sweeter.

Kindergarten teachers should pay attention to the law of "contrast" when making teaching AIDS or arranging activity rooms for children. For example, a velvet teaching aid with black graphics on a white background stands out, but a "light yellow" graphic is not clear.

(4) publicity

Sensitization refers to the improvement of sensitivity due to the interaction and practice of analysts. This shows the trainability of feeling. On the one hand, it is caused by the compensation of feelings. For example, the hearing and touch of the blind are particularly developed. On the other hand, it is caused by special training. For example, dyeing workers can distinguish 40 ~ 60 kinds of black tones due to professional needs and actual exercise; Artists are very sensitive to scale estimation and can distinguish the change of object size. Teachers should attach importance to sensory education and consciously cultivate children's perceptual ability through various activities.

Second, the law of separating perceptual objects from the background.

When people perceive things, not all the stimuli in front of them can be clearly reflected at the same time. People always clearly perceive some stimuli, and these stimuli become the objects of perception. The rest becomes the background, but the reflection of the background is not very clear. The object is the center of perception; The background is a foil. For example, when a teacher is in a painting class, the picture drawn on the blackboard is the object of children's perception, while the blackboard and the wall are presented in the children's field of vision as the background. If a child looks at a portrait in the picture, the portrait becomes the object of perception and other people or things in the picture become the background.