The new curriculum advocates based on the problems existing in students' current growth process, focusing on students' future development, pursuing "the combination of mainstream value guidance and independent construction", and forming a supporting content system and implementation suggestions. For example, teachers have changed from the traditional role of imparting knowledge to the role of promoter, guide and consultant of students' development, and are the "chief among equals"; The most important thing in classroom teaching is to cultivate students' autonomous learning ability and innovative quality. The core problem is to return the process of students' thinking to students, and leave the process of exploration and all experiences to students to feel! Classroom research-based learning came into being.
However, practice has proved that there are still misunderstandings. The concrete manifestations are as follows: in the classroom, students' main role is brought into full play, while teachers' role as guides and promoters is weakened; The classroom is active, but the discussion direction is easy to get out of control and the basic knowledge points cannot be implemented; The learning style of "independence, cooperation and inquiry" is too formal. First, fake questions take up a lot of time; Second, "autonomy" is sometimes alienated into "laissez-faire"; Third, "cooperative learning" has been falsified, inquiry learning has been absolute, and a few people are still leading the way.
Classroom research learning, have to face the following thorny issues:
How to break through the bottleneck of limited class time and space?
How to break through the pressure brought by the rigor, monotony, boredom and even the uncertainty of the results of research-based learning, and guide students to learn to learn from passive acceptance to active exploration?
How to give students more opportunities to participate, think, express and show themselves and more independent space?
How to make students perceive things around them, learn to collect, analyze, summarize, sort out, associate and guess information, gain more successful experiences and become confident, positive and optimistic?
How to enliven thinking, internalize methods and skills, and break through the cage of "imitation", try to find problems from study and life, put forward ideas for exploration and problem solving, and cultivate innovative consciousness to meet the needs of the information age?
Personally, I think we should work hard in the following aspects under the guidance of the new curriculum concept:
I. Micro-exploration
Based on the limited time and space in the classroom, students' limited knowledge accumulation and immature experience and mind, it is very important to guide students to master the "inquiry trilogy" of classroom inquiry learning: ① What is it? Clearly identify and describe the problem; ② Why? Explore the causes of the problem; What should I do? Put forward measures to solve the problem. We must do the following: ① Narrow the scope of exploration as much as possible, so that students can have a clear direction, collect and consult materials easily, and get into the essence of the problem quickly; (2) Pay attention to the difficulty and gradient of exploring problem situations and students' knowledge and ability, so that all students can pick peaches as long as they "reach out"; As long as you "jump", you can pick a bigger "peach"; ③ Make full use of the existing knowledge and experience, maximize its creative potential, and stimulate the initiative of independent inquiry.
In the seventh grade of Ideological and Moral Curriculum Standard for Full-time Compulsory Education (experimental draft), students will initially have the ability to use the general methods they have mastered before to synthesize various methods and carry out research-based learning when teaching "Understanding common knowledge of adolescent mental health, learning to overcome adolescent troubles and control their psychological impulses". The specific operation is: design a situation to explore the problem, that is, ask you or the research group to collect all kinds of physical and mental troubles and puzzles of yourself and your classmates in the process of growing up, fully collect and use authoritative psychological tests and consultation forms scattered in newspapers, magazines and books, further understand your own situation, and talk about how to correctly understand yourself on the test results. Finally, write a survey report and provide it to schools and other relevant education departments for decision-making reference and consultation.
Teacher's guidance: ① Read the teaching materials and advise students to consult relevant books (such as adolescent knowledge, mental health knowledge, scientific and technological literature, etc.). ) in the library; (2) Searching for information such as words, pictures and psychological test forms from the Internet; ③ Visit relevant personnel (classmates, teachers, parents, relatives and friends around, relevant experts and scholars, etc.). ); ④ It is suggested to discuss from different angles such as "me in my mind", "I have grown up", "me in my classmates' mind", "me in my teachers' mind" and "me in my parents' mind". ⑤ Division of labor and cooperation among research groups.
The design based on one's own physical and mental changes has a small exploration scope and a clear direction. There is no standard answer to the design itself, so it is challenging and interesting to use different methods and use your hands and brains. Students of different levels have excellent performance, which can stimulate students' enthusiasm and initiative to the maximum extent. This study needs four class hours, lasting 15 days. One class hour is students' independent research learning under the guidance of teachers, the second and third class hours are group cooperative inquiry learning, and the fourth class hour is to show the research learning results to students in groups. The research study of this topic breaks through the limitations of classroom and textbooks, allowing students to find problems from a certain angle and draw their own conclusions and solutions. Although a little immature, the depth and breadth of thinking need to be further explored, but it shows a glimmer of light that "students surpass teachers", and the overall effect is good, achieving the expected purpose.
Second, experience happiness.
The famous coach Milu's concept of "Happy Football" made China Football Team enter the World Cup that Chinese people have been looking forward to for decades. Zhang Ning, the champion of women's badminton singles in Athens Olympic Games in 2004, said that it was because she regarded playing as happiness that she could overcome the hardships and pressures that ordinary people could not imagine in her study, training and life, and finally got on the podium of the Olympic champion. Therefore, teaching should start with interest and curiosity and learn happily. Curiosity is the intrinsic motivation of learning. "Compulsory learning without any interest will stifle students' desire to seek truth. "(ushinski)
With the help of ancient poems, photos, pictures, cartoons, songs, puzzles, videos, news, fragments of literary and artistic works, film and television stories, absolute challenges, interviews with famous artists and other means, through external stimuli such as "bright spots", "hot spots", "fresh spots" and "questioning points", the interest of teaching content is enhanced and curiosity is cultivated; Let the ideological and political discipline show the beauty of life, explore the source of great power of life, let students love ideological and political, and be willing to learn, love learning and enjoy learning; Through the difficulty gradient design of specific realistic problem situations guided by teachers, at the same time, let students affirm their own achievements and progress bit by bit, so that students can often experience the happiness of successful independent inquiry and feel the happiness of learning! "The art of education is to make students like what you teach." -Rousseau
When teaching the seventh grade "Growing Me" and the first part "Know Yourself" of "Ideological and Moral Curriculum Standards for Full-time Compulsory Education" (experimental draft), many China people who are active in the political and economic arena at home and abroad today have their own characteristics in "being good at knowing yourself", forming a beautiful landscape, which is a bright spot and attracts worldwide attention. Complement their growth process in time, learn from the deductive form of "Life AB Drama" of Zhejiang TV Station, face the "gateway" of life, and guide students to perceive, participate, analyze, associate, sort out and summarize. According to the feedback from practical teaching, students can think freely from their limited life experience and cognition. Disputes and collisions continue, the classroom atmosphere is extremely active, and persuasion and self-education are fruitful.
The international political situation is constantly changing, and the process of economic globalization and world integration is accelerating, forming a series of hot topics. Such as knowledge-based economy, Internet, 9. 1 1 incident, Iraq issue, world election, Palestinian-Israeli conflict, EU, ASEAN, China's response to WTO, western development, Three Gorges Project, plan to revitalize Northeast China, the annual "two sessions" direct attack, the road of scientific development, circular economy, Sino-US relations, stock market turmoil and so on. The above-mentioned challenging hot spot is the completion of the ninth grade "My relationship with the collective, the country and the society" in the "Ideological and Moral Curriculum Standard for Full-time Compulsory Education" (experimental draft). The fourth part "Knowing the national conditions and loving China" has stimulated students' enthusiasm for learning, cultivated their ability to find problems, and then cared about the environment and development of their hometown, instilled patriotic feelings imperceptibly, and initially formed a global consciousness.
As a developing country, India is now the second largest software producer in the world after the United States, accounting for more than 60% of the software sales market in the United States. Bangalore, Hyderabad and Madras in India are the world-famous "Golden Triangle" of Indian software industry. These "fresh blood" will not only shock the world, but also bring more research and comparison to students in the research study of "Understanding the current world development trend, understanding China's position, role, opportunities and challenges in the world structure, strengthening the sense of hardship, establishing a global concept and maintaining world peace" in the ninth grade of "Ideological and Moral Curriculum Standards for Full-time Compulsory Education" (experimental draft).
Natural vegetation in China is of great value in many aspects, such as soil and water conservation, climate regulation, pollution control, biological disaster prevention, biodiversity utilization and renewable energy, and the annual ecosystem benefits are as high as 1 1 trillion yuan. Since 1980s, with the rapid economic development in China, extensive management, predatory development and blind introduction of exotic species without scientific proof have caused serious ecological crisis. According to statistics, the annual economic losses caused by alien species invasion in the United States are as high as $654.38+05 billion, India is as high as $654.38+03 billion, and South Africa is as high as $80 billion. Only Mikania micrantha will devour Dingling Island, Eichhornia crassipes will try to strangle Dianchi Lake in Yunnan, and Eupatorium odoratum will occupy Xishuangbanna, and the economic losses of several exotic species in China will reach 57.4 billion yuan. What is the total loss caused by biological invasion in China? Dr. Xie Yan, who is in charge of investigating the current situation of invasive organisms in China, said: "It is estimated to be bigger than the United States."
Doubt: Please share your worries for the Prime Minister. How to develop economy according to local conditions? (Instruct students to carry out activity classes: the ninth grade teaching of "Ideological and Moral Curriculum Standard for Full-time Compulsory Education (Experimental Draft)", "Understand China's population, resources, environment and other conditions, understand the policies of family planning, environmental protection and rational use of resources, and establish a sense of sustainable development"
"Learning begins with thinking and thinking comes from doubt", which arouses students' interest and desire for knowledge. The continuous success of students' exploration is more helpful to stimulate the happiness of further exploration, guide students to pay attention to the trend of the times and join the real society, and cultivate students' sense of social responsibility and historical mission invisibly. In addition, students learn to "put themselves in the shoes" in their happy study, and feel all kinds of roles in life in an all-round way, so as to lay a solid foundation for the future healthy society!
Third, follow the personality.
"The ultimate goal of education is to cultivate talents, but' people' and' talents' can be separated. Some people are "people" and "talents", that is, "talents"; Some people are "people", and without "talent", they can't be called "talent"; Some people have talent, not people, and certainly not talent. Moreover, being human is better than being human, or unlike human. Without' talent', you can do less bad things. " Lv Xingwei, a famous educator, brilliantly pointed out that the primary task of education is to cultivate "people". Then, it is possible to cultivate "talents" that society needs! Only in this way can we truly realize the ambition of "all for the development of students"!
Suhomlinski told us: "The intellectual development of students ... is not taught by teachers; Students' future learning and living ability comes from independent thinking. "
All these require that the task of ideological and moral education is very urgent. We can't ignore students' individual differences and different needs, and we can't force the whole classroom to be consistent. Instead, we should be people-oriented, follow the law, and group students from the theory of multiple intelligences (four people at the front and back tables are appropriate, so that each student can fully express himself. ) and class (the purpose is to better reflect the collision of thinking and collective strength. Two-level inquiry provides students with time and space for hands-on operation, cooperation and exchange, discussion and autonomous learning; There is a process for students to grow up, which makes them uneven and even make mistakes; Teachers need to be patient, careful and careful to guide students to grow up in little successes, mistakes, failures and setbacks; Never be eager for quick success and instant benefit. Humanistic education is a long-term and systematic social project.
People-oriented, follow the personality, "Dont Ask For Help people are successful, but they want everyone to make progress!" . Only in this way can we lead students to explore pragmatically and effectively, break through the "cage of formalism", realize the "liberation of teachers", and then truly "liberate students" and publicize their individuality in the research-based learning of ideological and moral courses!
Fourth, the scene blends.
Classroom inquiry learning can take the form of individual or research group division of labor and cooperation, and can be carried out through speeches, investigation reports, picture reading, sketch performances, question competitions, study guidance and other forms.
Speech method requires putting forward one's own views and expressing one's feelings about a certain viewpoint or phenomenon. The steps are to collect materials, write topics and write speeches. The free speech time is about 3 minutes, and the free question and answer time is 5 minutes. Suggestion: It is advisable for four people to give a speech in the class at a time (the class is divided into four research groups, each group produces 1 person in turn, and other members of the group are the brains of the speakers in this group, providing friendly support and help), and all the students will rate the speaker's demeanor, accurate content, innovative consciousness, language expression and logic. Finally, the teacher and the students make a short comment together.
The investigation report requires the accumulation of materials by observing phenomena, consulting materials or visiting. , and make a comprehensive arrangement, analysis and summary, draw conclusions and put forward suggestions. Suggestions on the implementation of specific operation reference speech.
Reading pictures is typical, simple and enlightening. Try to analyze and explain the truth contained in typical cartoons and pictures in various media such as teaching materials; Draw a schematic diagram to explain the knowledge or truth required in the curriculum standards and textbooks.
Sketch expression, which expresses the content of teaching materials in the form of sketch. For example, the above-mentioned design of "understanding the common sense of adolescent mental health, learning to overcome adolescent troubles and adjust one's psychological impulses" can finally vividly reproduce the results of research-based learning through the form of sketch performance.
Through the implementation of the "Inquiry Trilogy", the problem competition guidance method guides students to find problems, explore the reasons, and then propose solutions to problems, so as to naturally master the knowledge points required by the curriculum standards and textbooks and complete the teaching tasks.
This paper will take the teaching of "Experiencing the connection between behavior and consequences, knowing that every behavior will have certain consequences, and people should be responsible for their own actions" in the seventh grade of "Ideological and Moral Curriculum Standards for Full-time Compulsory Education (Experimental Draft)" as an example to talk about the concrete attempt of "problem competition guiding learning method".
Drawing lessons from the examiner's form of CCTV's large-scale interactive program, Happy Dictionary, this paper designs the "Question Competition Guidance Method".
First of all, according to the curriculum standards and teaching materials, on the basis of reading, combined with their own experiences and feelings, students work together in groups, design topics, and test other students and teachers. (Courseware demonstration: competition requirements, design ideas, examples, evaluation criteria)
Competition requirements: study in eight groups and complete the problem design within the specified time. Each time, one group is the main test group, and the members of the group are members of the think tank. What kind of problems are put forward and discussed by the democratic division of labor within the group (see the following examples for eight types of problems, of which "what" must put forward three or at most four small questions; "Enumeration" class must ask two small questions; Other categories only need to ask one question; Of course, teachers must decide what kinds of problems there are in the classroom competition and how to divide them into several study groups according to the teaching materials and students' situation. The examiner will go to the podium and preside over the questions and discussions of the whole class; When each examiner encounters difficulties, team members support and assist each other, and can also ask other students and teachers for help; (When teachers assist, one is to create a democratic, equal and safe relaxed teaching environment, and the other is to perform when teachers and students talk, or solve puzzles, or guide in-depth, or divergent thinking, or guide induction. In short, grasp the rhythm of discussion.
Direction. Finally, according to the students' participation in the discussion, the "best study group" of this class was evaluated and praised democratically.
Reflections on design problems: ① "takenism" refers to the ready-made problems of each column in the reference textbook; Read through the curriculum standards and textbooks, find all phenomena, concepts, viewpoints and even problems, and design questions such as "what", "why", "list", "how to do it" and "compare the similarities and differences between two knowledge points"; On the basis of reading, combined with my own life experience and current affairs, I designed the categories of "life phenomenon analysis and questioning", "imagination" and "combination".
According to the above ideas, try to design an example. These questions are as follows:
1, what is self-esteem?
2. Why is modesty a sign of self-esteem?
3. Give several typical examples of national self-esteem.
4. How do we teenagers "create a record of success"?
5. "Maintaining national dignity is an adult's business, and it has nothing to do with our middle school students." Is this the right idea? What do you think middle school students should do?
6. What is the difference between "self-esteem" and "conceit"?
7. Yan Wenjing, a famous contemporary children's writer, please imagine what kind of person he would be if he had no strong self-esteem when he was young.
8. What is "self-esteem"+"self-confidence"?
Judging criteria: whether the question exhausts the teaching materials, related phenomena, knowledge and feelings in life;
Whether the questions and answers are scientific, rigorous and complete;
Whether the questions and answers are creative;
Whether the questions and answers are clearly expressed, natural and accurate;
Whether there is close cooperation and support between team members.
Secondly, when the examiner presides over questions and discussions, the teacher flexibly and dynamically adjusts the classroom teaching content according to the students' mastery and the progress of classroom time. In addition, in the face of possible "silence", on the one hand, we should use the principles of "Pimarion effect" and "south wind effect" to mobilize non-intellectual factors and encourage students to concentrate on participation; On the other hand, according to the teaching situation, the relevant multimedia materials stored in the courseware are called in time to create a specific situation. Or call the teacher's question bank in time to dynamically adjust the difficulty of inquiry learning so that different students can learn something.
Finally, consolidate the new curriculum. This session takes about 5 minutes. Teachers and students will summarize the knowledge, learning sentiment and reflection of this lesson (multimedia display). Briefly comment on the examiner and judge the "best study group".
The above various forms of inquiry learning, with the time, place, conditions, students, there should be other teaching forms. Through rich forms, we strive to give students a brand-new feeling, win their hearts at the same time, and naturally maximize the educational effect.
In short, to carry out the concept of new curriculum reform, people-oriented, and not reduce the burden, I personally think that only by making full use of the main position of students' learning-classroom, according to the curriculum standards, teaching materials, real life and students' situation, through the organic combination of "micro-inquiry", "experiencing happiness", "following personality" and "blending situations", can we pay attention to students' lifelong development and their feelings, attitudes and situations. To realize the leap of research-based learning from extracurricular to classroom, classroom research-based learning will certainly make students self-motivated, tap their potential, and finally form an internal dynamic mechanism for students to work hard and improve the efficiency of education and learning.