(1) Attach importance to basic education. In most countries, the average allocation of funds to students receiving higher education is the highest, but in Finland, the funds invested in basic education, especially for senior students of basic education (equivalent to junior high school students in China) are the highest (up to $8,200 per person). Finnish research has found that children at this stage are developing their own learning methods and need the most resources. Investing in children of this age has the highest rate of return. Finland is a country with a vast territory and a sparse population. In order to meet the needs of national compulsory education, the state has invested generously in basic education. In a country with a population of more than 5 million, there are nearly 5,000 basic schools, with an average of less than 150 students in each school and no more than 20 students in each class. Schools in some remote areas, such as those in the Arctic Circle, often have only 30-50 students, but no matter how small the school is, there is no difference in the quality of teachers and teaching facilities, because Finns firmly believe that only a solid foundation can build high-rise buildings.
(2) Balanced basic education. Finland has the lowest Gini coefficient and the most balanced basic education in the world. In the PISA test, Finland's inter-school gap is the second smallest in the world, less than 5% (second only to Iceland with a population of 300,000), and only 1% of students failed the exam (the lowest in the world). The gap between Finnish middle school students is only 4.7%, while both the United States and Britain are above 20%. Finns do not advocate elite education (especially the basic education stage). Instead, they give? Weak? Children provide more care and resources. The Finnish point of view is that the education system, especially basic education, provides all applicable resource allocation, and students with good qualifications will naturally have the ability of self-learning and self-improvement. On the contrary, vulnerable groups should receive more care to minimize social injustice that may stem from congenital inequality.
(3) Low-stress education. First of all, Finnish education encourages children to compare themselves. Every self-transcendence is a successful experience, and of course they feel happy. Secondly, education in Finland is rarely evaluated and evaluated. The school does not rank students, nor does it conduct unnecessary appraisal and assessment of teachers. 1999 The new Basic Education Law abolished all evaluation methods of ranking or competitive learning. In order to protect students' learning enthusiasm and curiosity, examinations and daily evaluation of students' academic performance are prohibited in primary school. Only descriptive assessments and feedback can be used. Without the pressure of evaluation and examination, education will return to its essence. As long as it can help students better master knowledge and skills, schools and teachers are willing to try various innovations and reforms. Third, there are fewer class hours, less homework and fewer exams. The school time is short and the holidays are long, with one year 190 days of classes. The primary school students have a maximum of 5 hours of classes every day, and the middle school students have a maximum of 7 hours. Students have no homework, do not make up lessons on holidays, and rarely take exams at ordinary times.
(4) High-quality teachers and high-quality textbooks. In Finland, teachers have a high status and are the most popular and respected profession in Finland. Finnish education at all levels also has high requirements for teachers. Primary and secondary school teachers must have a master's degree and kindergarten teachers must have a bachelor's degree. The admission rate of students applying to enter the department of university education is less than 10% every year. Only the best people can enter the Ministry of Education and become teachers in the future. What are the textbooks for basic education in Finland? How many books in one class? . The outline of the national core curriculum compiled by the State Education Commission, and then the publishing house entrusts teachers, experts and special education talents in various fields to jointly compile the teaching materials according to the contents of various subjects stipulated in the outline. Educational institutions are free to choose the teaching materials they think fit. This policy has enabled Finnish textbooks to continuously improve their quality because of fierce competition. Even Finns, who have always been low-key and humble, can't help but proudly say: Finland's teaching materials are the best in the world and the quality is the highest. ?
(6) Pay attention to reading. The reading ability of Finnish students has always been praised by the world. In the last two PISA, Finnish students' reading ability won the championship again. Behind such excellent results is a strong reading atmosphere created by the whole society, including a good learning environment provided by schools and families, encouragement and examples from teachers and parents, the cultivation of children's reading interest, the design of reading strategies and leisure activities, and the construction of an overall learning network.