Surgery is a level in the health qualification examination. In order to facilitate everyone to know more about surgical nursing knowledge. Here are 100 pieces of surgical nursing knowledge I brought to you. Welcome to reading.

1, the earliest clinical symptoms of colon cancer are (changes in defecation habits and fecal properties).

2. The main factor leading to perforation of appendix is (obstruction of appendix cavity).

3. The most common cause of 3.DIC (Gram-negative bacterial infection).

4. Digitalis is the most unsuitable for acute left heart failure within 24 hours after myocardial infarction.

5. Magnesium sulfate poisoning was the earliest (knee reflex disappeared).

6. The best effect of treating epigastric pain in patients with peptic ulcer is (proton pump inhibitor).

7. The mildest part of epidemic encephalitis is the spinal cord.

8. The most significant part of intestinal pathological changes of bacillary dysentery is in (sigmoid colon and rectum).

9. The most valuable method for early diagnosis of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is (local stratified puncture).

10, malignant tumor metastasized to pelvic cavity, most commonly (gastric cancer).

1 1, the most common intracranial tumor is neuroepithelial tumor.

12, the most commonly used laboratory index for diagnosing acute pancreatitis is (serum amylase).

13, bilateral renal artery stenosis in hypertensive patients should not be the first choice (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor).

14. The most commonly used and simplest monitoring method for shock monitoring is urine volume.

15, hypokalemia first appeared myasthenia.

16, the most prominent symptom of acid replacement is deep breathing.

17, thirst is the best index of plasma osmotic pressure.

18, the most common acid-base balance in clinic is acid substitution.

19, the most common acid-base balance of pyloric obstruction is the substitution of alkali.

20. Hemolytic reaction is the most serious complication of blood transfusion.

2 1, the most common shock in operation: hypovolemic shock.

22, hemorrhagic shock, the minimum blood loss is 20% of the total blood volume.

23. The most basic measure of shock is to replenish blood volume.

24. The most effective and reliable method for tetanus is tetanus toxoid injection.

25. The most dangerous complications after thyroid surgery: dyspnea and asphyxia.

26, the most critical measure to prevent thyroid crisis is hibernation mixture.

27. The worst thyroid cancer is undifferentiated cancer.

28. The most common pathogen of acute mastitis is Staphylococcus aureus.

29. The most common breast cancer is invasive nonspecific cancer.

30. The most common metastatic site of breast cancer is the lung.

3 1. The most prone part of rib fracture is the 4th to 7th rib.

32. The most common lung cancer is squamous cell carcinoma.

33. The worst prognosis of lung cancer is small cell carcinoma. Small cell carcinoma is the most sensitive to radiotherapy.

34. The most common part of esophageal cancer is the middle part.

35. The most common esophageal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma.

36. The most common pathogen of secondary peritonitis is Escherichia coli.

37. The main symptom of peritonitis is abdominal pain.

38. The most common part of peptic ulcer complicated with bleeding is the posterior wall of the small curvature of the stomach.

39. The most common parts of peptic ulcer perforation are acute gastric curvature and anterior wall. Chronic, posterior wall.

40. The most common part of gastric cancer: gastric antrum. The most common route of metastasis: lymphatic tract.

4 1, intestinal obstruction is the most common adhesion type. The key measures of treatment are fasting and gastrointestinal decompression.

42. The most important sign of acute appendicitis: there is obvious fixed tenderness point in the right lower abdomen.

43. The most common complication of acute appendicitis surgery: incision infection.

44. The most common histological type of colon cancer: adenocarcinoma. The main way of metastasis: lymphatic metastasis.

45. The most common part of rectal cancer is ampulla.

46. The most common open injury is liver rupture. The most common closed injury is spleen rupture.

47. Congestive splenomegaly first appeared in portal hypertension.

48. The most common bacterial infection of acute cholecystitis is Escherichia coli. The preferred diagnostic method is B-ultrasound.

49. The most common cause of acute pancreatitis in China is cholelithiasis, and the most common complication is shock.

50.CT is the best method to diagnose pancreatic necrosis.

5 1. The most common pancreatic cancer is adenocarcinoma with vascular components. The first symptom is epigastric pain.

52. The most common symptom of urethral injury is urethral bleeding, and the most common injury is bulbar part. Pelvic fractures are most common in the membranous part.

53, renal tuberculosis first appeared frequent urination.

54. Bladder tumor is the most common male genital tumor in China.

55. The most common dislocation of hip joint is posterior dislocation of hip joint.

56. The most needed treatment in the early stage of burn is fluid replacement.

57. balanced salt solution is the first choice for isotonic dehydration.

58. 5%GS is the first choice for hypertonic dehydration.

59, cardiac insufficiency acute blood loss preferred concentrated red blood cells.

60. Propylthiouracil is the first choice of thyroid drugs in thyroid crisis (and also the first choice during pregnancy).

6 1. Simple high ligation of hernia sac is the first choice for inguinal hernia in children.

62. The most effective drug for circulatory arrest and resuscitation is epinephrine.

63. Repeated vomiting can lead to electrolyte disorder, and Na+ is the most lost.

64. The most likely cause of hypokalemia is severe intestinal fistula.

65. The most serious technical complication of parenteral nutrition is air embolism.

66. Many patients with blood transfusion and anemia accompanied by fever choose to wash red blood cells.

67. The most commonly used formula for calculating basal metabolic rate is pulse rate+pulse pressure-11.

68.McVay is the most ideal surgical method for the treatment of recurrent inguinal hernia in the elderly.

69, strangulated intestinal obstruction is the most prone to metabolic acidosis.

70. The most common cause of adhesive intestinal obstruction is: intra-abdominal surgery.

7 1. The most important feature of acute appendicitis is the fixation of tender points in the right lower abdomen.

72. The most important thing to diagnose acute appendicitis is metastatic right lower abdominal pain.

73. The simple and reliable method to diagnose gallstones is B-ultrasound.

74. The most common urinary calculi in clinic are oxalate stones.

75. The ideal treatment for hydronephrosis is to remove the cause and keep the affected kidney.

76. Secondary varicocele is most common in: renal cancer.

77. The best prognosis of femoral neck fracture is basal fracture.

78. The most common joint with congenital dislocation is the hip joint.

79. The most common sites of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis are tibia and femur.

80. The most striking difference between central lumbar disc herniation and cauda equina neuroma is myelography.

8 1, the physiological water requirement of normal people is 2000-2500ml.

82. The minimum daily urine volume is 500-600 ml.

83. Esophageal cancer is unpalatable, and patients with high fever are generally hypertonic dehydration; Acute intestinal obstruction is isotonic dehydration; Long-term gastrointestinal decompression, vomiting and diarrhea belong to hypotonic dehydration.

84. Thirst is the main symptom of hypertonic dehydration. Also known as primary dehydration, the treatment mainly supplements 5%GS.

85. Isoosmotic dehydration is the most common type of dehydration in surgery, also known as acute dehydration.

86. Hypoosmotic dehydration is also called secondary dehydration. The treatment is mainly supplemented with normal saline.

87, shock, hypotension patients can add 3% sodium chloride when a lot of water loss.

88. A characteristic U wave will appear on the electrocardiogram of patients with hypokalemia. Hypokalemia patients have muscle weakness, weakened tendon reflex, dull heart sound and abdominal distension.

89. Intestinal obstruction caused by peritonitis is paralytic intestinal obstruction. Spastic intestinal obstruction caused by lead poisoning. Intestinal obstruction caused by mesenteric thrombosis is strangulated intestinal obstruction.

90, intestinal obstruction patients appear isotonic dehydration, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis.

9 1. Peritoneal stimulation in patients with intestinal obstruction suggests strangulated intestinal obstruction, which requires urgent surgical treatment.

92, children's jam-like prompts intussusception.

93. The typical symptom of appendicitis is metastatic pain in the right lower abdomen. It begins around the navel or upper abdomen and then moves to the lower right abdomen. The first reason is visceral nerve reflex, and then the body pain caused by parietal peritonitis.

94. The frequency of defecation after appendicitis perforation operation increased, and it was first urgent and then heavy, suggesting the formation of pelvic abscess.

95. Patients with periappendiceal abscess underwent surgery three months after their body temperature was normal.

96. The most common content of external abdominal hernia is the small intestine. Indirect inguinal hernia is the most common. Femoral hernia is the easiest to incarcerate.

97. The main cause of hernia is that there is a weak area in the abdomen or a defective area in the abdomen.

98, hernia surgery after 3 months can't engage in heavy physical labor.

99. The method of hernia surgery to prevent scrotal edema is to press the wound with sandbags and hold up the scrotum.

100, painless hematochezia is often internal hemorrhoids. Pain with blood is usually anal fissure. External hemorrhoids are mainly round or oval masses outside the anus, with deep purple color, obvious tenderness and no bloody stool.

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