Explain the knowledge of photography skills. For friends who like photography, apart from paying more attention to the beauty around them and practicing more, they should also study the theory regularly. The following knowledge about photography skills is shared with you, hoping to help your photography.

Knowledge of photography skills 1 1. Aperture

Aperture is a commonly used parameter in shooting, and its size can directly affect the amount of light entering and the depth of field, so it is very important to control the aperture when shooting. The representation of the aperture is generally expressed by F. The greater the value of F, the larger the aperture and the more light the lens gets. In short, the bigger the aperture, the brighter the picture will be. The relationship between aperture and depth of field is that the larger the aperture, the smaller the depth of field, and the smaller the aperture, the greater the depth of field.

When shooting, the adjustment of aperture size will affect the quality and presentation effect of the picture. If a small aperture of F 16 is used, the object and the subject can be as clear as the background. When taking landscape photos, you can narrow the aperture to a certain range, such as F8-F 16, which can present a clear picture texture as a whole. By adjusting the aperture, the virtual reality and layering of photos can be adjusted. When shooting still life and figures, you can blur the background appropriately to make the people more dreamy and real.

When adjusting the aperture, you should manually define the size. In shooting, Xiao Bai can highlight the main characteristics and behaviors of the characters as long as he understands that they are shot with large aperture and long focal length. Use a smaller aperture when shooting scenery, so that the greater the depth of field, the better the effect. You can practice a fixed still life or scenery repeatedly when you are a beginner.

Second, the shutter

Another important parameter that beginners need to learn is the adjustment of shutter. Shutter speed is closely related to exposure time. If the light is good and sufficient when shooting, the exposure time is short and the shutter speed is short. For beginners, you can choose the automatic file or the P file on the camera. These two gears are relatively easy to operate and don't require users to make too many adjustments. At the same time, the amount of light entering the photo can be adjusted, and the shutter can be adjusted according to the environment and light effect when shooting.

Many scenes using shutters are used to shoot moving objects. If you find that the picture is blurred and the moving object is in a ball, there must be something wrong with your shutter speed. It is very important to adjust the shutter speed when shooting moving objects. If we can't control the relationship well, the picture will be either static or fuzzy. Shutter speed can only be defined after years of accumulation. For example, the shutter speed can be kept at1125 seconds when shooting a moving pedestrian, and it needs 1/65438+ when dripping water. There are certain rules to follow.

Third, the macro.

Macro shooting, as its name implies, is the main body of shooting small objects, such as small insects and food details. Macro shooting needs to make good use of light and shadow changes and composition skills. The definition of macro shooting is a key issue. If the photo is blurred, it will definitely not work. Micro-photography mainly describes the details vividly. Therefore, a tripod should be used as an assistant when shooting, because people tend to shake their hands when holding it. I always feel blurred when I enlarge it. With a tripod, you can fix the camera in a certain position, focus on the micro-world accurately, and ensure the clarity of the photos.

In fact, many cameras are equipped with macro lenses. Although its price is relatively high, it is not suitable for beginners, but the effect is very good. In fact, you can also take macro photos with a zoom lens and adjust them into macro files, which is flexible and convenient to use. When taking macro photos, you should avoid using too bright light, which is easy to produce various shadows. When the light effect is dim, you can supplement the light appropriately to coordinate the overall effect, and at the same time, you should present more details, ensure a reasonable camera ISO, and use the focal plane to learn what beginners in Yonghe City need.

Fourth, sensitivity.

Sensitivity is actually what we call ISO. People who have studied photography must know that aperture, shutter and sensitivity are called the three elements of exposure. Sensitivity refers to the camera's sensitivity to light. In traditional cameras, the setting of sensitivity is a fixed value and cannot be changed. Changes over the years will also change sensitivity. The higher the sensitivity, the stronger the sensitivity to light. Shooting in a dark environment can improve the ISO value, thus making the photos brighter and more noisy.

Sensitivity is particularly important when shooting at night. We can see from different photos that the higher the ISO sensitivity, the higher the brightness of the picture. Adjust ISO moderately when shooting, but it may explode if it is adjusted too high. If the light is insufficient and the ISO value is too low, darker photos will be taken. At the same time, the noise will increase after the sensitivity is improved, and the photos will be unclear. It is important to adjust the sensitivity when taking pictures.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) focal length

In addition to controlling the aperture, the focal length is also an important parameter that needs to be manually adjusted when shooting. Simply put, the focal length determines our field of vision and viewing area from the lens. From the parameters on the lens, we can see the focal length mark, such as 50mm, 17-40 mm, etc. These two focal length marks represent different meanings. The number of 50mm represents a fixed focal length, and the focal length is fixed, while the logo between the two numbers identifies the zoom lens.

When using focal length, you only need to remember one core content. The smaller the focal length, the wider the field of view, the larger the framing range, and the more photos taken, the smaller the proportion of each scene in the picture. For example, taking a landscape photo can capture the whole scene with a small focal length, and the field of vision covers the whole mountain peak, but the details such as trees on the mountain are very small. If the focal length becomes larger, you can see more details. Focal length is often used for ultra-wide angle shooting, landscape shooting and so on.

Sixth, exposure

Camera exposure refers to the amount of light that the lens enters the photosensitive element when shooting. A high-definition, rich and natural photo must be exposed normally. If the exposure is insufficient, the light received by the photosensitive element will be less, and the overall picture will be dark. If it is overexposed, it receives too much light and the photos are too bright. Reasonable exposure is formed by the comprehensive action of aperture, shutter and sensitivity. Only the close cooperation and contact of the three can ensure the normal exposure during shooting. When the light of the photosensitive element is insufficient, we can adjust the exposure by opening the aperture or reducing the shutter speed.

As the three elements of exposure, any parameter setting of aperture, shutter and sensitivity can determine the final imaging effect. As a beginner, we should first study and study the theoretical knowledge in depth and improve our practical ability through actual shooting. You can use P file and automatic file to shoot, which is suitable for novices and users who don't like to set up cameras. In this mode, various configurations of the camera environment can be automatically adjusted without manual exposure by the user.

The above six skills are several elements and configurations that beginners must learn when taking pictures. In any case, taking photos with digital cameras and SLR cameras requires more practice, more study and more observation. Only by learning the basics can we take a more advanced picture and make a technical control.

Explain the knowledge of photography skills II. Basic rules and examples

Tips for novices: The steps of taking pictures are: ranging, determining exposure, taking pictures, and pressing the shutter.

1. Adjust the distance from the camera to the subject on the distance dial. This distance can be estimated, measured step by step or measured with a rangefinder (if the camera is equipped with a rangefinder). In order to obtain the ideal depth of field effect in a wide range of depth of field, the area focusing method should be adopted.

2. Adjust the exposure with the help of the weather symbol on the camera. If it is measured by the exposure meter on the camera, be careful to check that the pointer in the viewfinder does not have a red warning signal. Shutter speed should be set to 1/60s or1125s. If the camera has a certain exposure adjustment range, when shooting bright outdoor scenes, the shutter speed can be1125 seconds and the aperture is f8.

3. Check the framing range of photos taken through the viewfinder, and the shot scene should be in the bright frame in the viewfinder.

Hold the camera steady and press the shutter to take a picture.

Second, automatic exposure

The internal metering system of many cameras automatically determines the exposure time. You just need to decide whether the light is within the test range of the camera exposure meter. Most outdoor photography daylight conditions are within the test range of the exposure meter. If the light is insufficient, a red or other warning signal will appear in the viewfinder of the camera, so a flash should be used.

In the viewfinder of some cameras, you can see a pointer or a set of LEDs next to the aperture or shutter speed scale, indicating the exposure selected by the automatic system. If it means the shutter speed, that is to say, the exposure speed is too long to take pictures by hand. If the exposure time is longer than 1/60 seconds (i.e. 1/30 seconds or slower), use the camera bracket or pay attention to hold the camera steady. Some automatic cameras have shutter speed dials. At this time, you can also choose a faster speed (1125 seconds to ensure clear photos). At this time, the camera can automatically choose the appropriate aperture. Sometimes a special warning signal (such as a yellow light) may appear, indicating that the exposure time is too long.

Third, exposure estimation.

For cameras equipped with semi-automatic exposure meters, it is up to the photographer to decide whether to adjust the aperture or shutter speed. At this time, it is best to adjust the shutter speed to1125 seconds, and then adjust the aperture controller to make the pointer of the exposure meter of the camera (or viewfinder) coincide with the indicator. By this time, the aperture has been adjusted, just like using a fully automatic camera.

You can also adjust the aperture first, and then adjust the shutter so that your hands overlap. However, in order to ensure the clarity of photos, the best speed for taking photos with a camera is1125 seconds. So it is more reasonable to adjust the shutter first. For cameras without exposure meters, the aperture and shutter must be adjusted separately. In the sunlight, the aperture is f8, and the shutter speed is1125 seconds, so you can get good results when shooting general scenes.

In the sun, it is quite safe to shoot ordinary people or scenery with medium aperture and medium shutter speed. The automatic camera can adjust the exposure by itself. Therefore, even a novice can take a good photo without accident with the simplest camera with neither adjustable aperture nor variable shutter speed. The aperture of this simple camera is f 1 1, and the shutter speed is 1/30 seconds or 1/60 seconds. The prerequisite for using the above camera is good weather.

Fourth, simple focusing method.

In order to get a picture with excellent depth of field, there is a simple focusing method: use a medium aperture, such as f8, and shoot with a medium-speed shutter in the sun. If the distance scale of the camera is 8 meters, you can get a clear image from about 4 meters to infinity. If the object distance is not less than 4 meters, the scenery beyond 4 meters will be very clear. Therefore, this focusing method from near to far makes the far and near scenes in the photo have almost the same clarity or resolution.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) depth of field

The effect of the above photos is mainly because the resolution of human vision cannot be compared with that of camera lens. Strictly speaking, only the objects in the lens focus can form the clearest image, and other objects are slightly less clear near or far. But when people look at photos, even enlarged photos, these near and far objects are quite clear, because people's vision can't tell the difference between absolute clarity and clearer.

Any focal length has a defined range, and the objects in this range are clear or relatively clear in the photo. This is the so-called depth of field interval, which is very useful for photography, because it provides flexibility for focusing, which is why a camera with fixed focal length can take clear photos with large depth of field. Focal depth of field

"Slightly poor definition" and "quite poor definition" are obviously not very accurate terms, and two people have different abilities to distinguish definition. Photographers and camera manufacturers generally agree on the definition standards used for focusing tolerance, and based on this, define the scope of the standard. If the photo does not need to be very clear, it can be taken at a distance of 3 meters from the object; If the definition is strict, you can shoot at a distance of 5 meters from the object.

In fact, in both cases, the photos are equally clear. What has changed is people's definition standard, not image resolution.

Using cameras that focus on ground glass (such as single-lens reflex cameras and autofocus cameras), the depth of field is also very useful, because when shooting scenes with equidistant high stations, the clarity of the photos can be improved by focusing. However, focusing from near to far is obviously the most useful when using a simple camera without focusing ground glass or distance scale.

The actual focus definition range from near to far also depends on the type of camera. The following is a typical picture of all kinds of cameras when the aperture is f8: With a pocket camera with a lens focal length of 25mm, when the camera is focused at 4m, everything except 2m is clear.

With a small camera of 35mm, the standard lens focal length is 35 to 50 mm, or with a reel film camera with a lens focal length of 75 to 80 mm (the picture shows 6x6cm), when the distance is adjusted to 8m, everything except 4m will be clear.