Pharmacy, as a highly applied discipline, is obviously influenced by changes in social environment. In the final analysis, the development trend of pharmacological experiment course reform is centered on cultivating new pharmaceutical professionals who can provide pharmaceutical health care services.
abstract:
In China's vocational education system, the pharmacy major has long been dominated by chemistry, and the employment direction connected with it is hospital pharmacy. However, with the development of society, the social needs of such specialties are mainly community health service centers and social pharmacies. Therefore, the importance of pharmacology and other courses has become increasingly prominent, and the reform trend of pharmacology courses is imminent, especially the reform of pharmacological experiment courses.
Key words:
Vocational education; Pharmacology; Experimental courses; reform in education
In China's vocational education, there is a long-term gap between the pharmaceutical education system and social needs. Mainly reflected in the narrow service scope of professional setting (mainly for hospital pharmacy and pharmaceutical enterprises), so the curriculum is set as? Chemical model? That is, pharmaceutical science, pharmaceutical engineering and other engineering courses mainly focus on drug production and deployment, and the proportion of courses related to social pharmaceutical services is too low. This has caused a serious lack of professional training channels for clinical pharmacists and licensed pharmacists, and it is difficult to meet the post requirements of community health service centers and social pharmacies [1]. After China entered a deeply aging society in 20 10, by the end of 20 15, the population aged 65 and above in China had accounted for 10.5% of the total population.
The grim situation of a deeply aging society will make China urgently need community pharmaceutical services for a long time to come. At the same time, with the popularization of new technologies such as automatic drug taking system, the demand for pharmaceutical personnel in hospital pharmacy departments and pharmaceutical enterprises has gradually declined [2]. This obvious change has a great influence on medical practitioners. For example, the 20 15 new national licensed pharmacist examination syllabus has obvious changes in examination subjects and contents. By merging other disciplines, the new syllabus has greatly increased the proportion of clinical pharmacology and its closely related disciplines [3], precisely to better bridge the obvious gap between the curriculum and social needs. Pharmacology and other courses have attracted much attention in the curriculum reform of pharmaceutical vocational education system. Among them, the reform of pharmacological experiment course with strong practicality is the focus. Although its current reform trend is still in the primary stage, it is still relatively consistent in the general direction of reform [4].
1 Adjust some experimental items
1. 1 Delete some experimental projects with obviously weakened teaching and practical significance.
With the development of society and the progress of technology, the teaching and practical significance of some traditional pharmacological experiments has obviously declined. In order to make full use of laboratory resources and further improve the teaching effect, it is in line with the requirements of teaching reform and development to delete some such experimental projects appropriately. In the process of demonstrating the deletion of experimental items, we should fully refer to the clinical use of various drugs. For example, the rescue experiment of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning is a traditional pharmacological experiment, but today, with the sharp decline of agricultural workers and the popularization of low-toxic pesticides [5], the clinical cases corresponding to this experimental project have rarely appeared or even rarely appeared in various places in recent years. Another example is the pharmacological experiment of barbiturates as sedatives and hypnotics, which basically withdrew from the first-line drugs as early as the end of last century. Obviously, based on the existing teaching and practical value of the above experiment, it can be considered to be removed, and there will be a pharmacological experiment teaching project.
1.2 Add some experimental items of commonly used drugs in clinic.
Due to historical reasons and other factors, the introduction of commonly used drugs in clinical teaching materials in higher vocational colleges in China is relatively backward. For example, some versions of pharmacology textbooks in current textbooks still do not include hypolipidemic drugs. As for the drugs for senile diseases, such as osteoporosis and degenerative arthritis, which have been used rapidly in clinic in recent years, there are few versions involved in the current pharmacology (physiology) textbooks. Therefore, it can be predicted that the content of commonly used drugs will increase greatly in the future pharmacology (physiology) textbooks, but due to the particularity of the experimental class itself, it is more necessary to make experimental preparations for related drugs in advance.
2. Explore new pharmacological experiments with reference to the new national licensed pharmacist examination syllabus.
As we all know, the new national licensed pharmacist examination syllabus has extremely high reference value [6], and one of the core changes related to pharmacology in the new syllabus is to increase the content of adverse drug reactions and drug abuse monitoring. In addition, self-medication of common diseases has also added new diseases [3]. This change fully shows that the monitoring of adverse drug reactions and drug abuse will become a hot spot in the future industry. However, because the experimental model involved in this content has the characteristics of long experimental period and many theoretical knowledge points, it belongs to a new experimental project compared with the traditional pharmacological experimental model in vocational colleges. How to introduce and improve this kind of new pharmacological experiment project in teaching reform has become a new challenge for the current related teaching reform. Especially for a long experimental period, it will be technically difficult to discuss the teaching schedule of each experimental stage and the choice of experimental animals (growth cycle, fertility, etc.). ) and the final treatment of experimental animals (such as the final treatment of drug-induced teratogenic animals).
3. Innovation of safety management of pharmacological experiment students under the new situation
Due to the influence of the one-child policy, the popularity of the Internet and other factors, students in higher vocational colleges at this stage are characterized by strong initiative and sensitivity, while there are many risk factors in pharmacological experiments, plus being influenced by? Medical problems? And other social phenomena, so in pharmacological experiments, the safety of students' experiments can easily become a difficult problem in educational reform. Fuse? . Faced with this problem, under the current trend of teaching reform, the concept of making full use of modern technology for laboratory safety management has been highly valued. Take the bite of a representative mouse in pharmacological experiment as an example. In the past, it was difficult to ensure that experimental mice could not come into contact with domestic mice carrying rabies virus during school. Afterwards, there were often disputes between parents and teaching units about whether students needed rabies vaccine. However, with the popularization of modern experimental equipment and advanced technology, using closed-circuit monitoring equipment to monitor the activity range of experimental animals during school provides a new solution to this problem.
4. The overlapping phenomenon between pharmacological experimental projects and other disciplines has increased.
4. 1 Mutual penetration of pharmacological experiments of traditional Chinese medicine and chemical drugs (western medicine)
On the whole, the dividing line between traditional Chinese medicine pharmacology and chemical medicine pharmacology (western medicine) is clear, but the dividing line between the corresponding experimental courses of these two courses obviously overlaps. The reason for this phenomenon is that they have many similarities in experimental theory, experimental equipment and common experimental techniques [7], and on the other hand, in the experimental teaching of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacology, the pharmacological experimental items of a single natural product (strictly speaking, chemical medicine, that is, western medicine) have developed rapidly; At the same time, some compound preparations of chemical drugs began to be tried in pharmacological experiment teaching, which further deepened the mutual penetration of pharmacological experiments of traditional Chinese medicine and chemical drugs.
4.2 the deepening of academic exchanges at home and abroad on the impact of pharmacological experimental courses in higher vocational colleges in China
The pharmaceutical teaching system in foreign countries, especially in western developed countries, is obviously different from that in China. Taking the United States as an example, clinical knowledge plays a dominant role in the pharmaceutical teaching system in the United States. Students will also be forced to study in primary clinical institutions for a certain period of time during their studies at school. In this teaching mode centered on clinical drug therapy, the content of pharmacological experiments will inevitably be influenced by diagnostics and other disciplines [8]. With the deepening of academic exchanges with foreign countries, the experimental teaching of pharmacology in higher vocational colleges in China, which is in the early stage of reform, will inevitably be influenced by foreign teaching models [9].
4.3 The influence of the change of pharmacological theory course on pharmacological experiment course
Pharmacy, as a highly applied discipline, is obviously influenced by changes in social environment. In recent years, great changes have taken place in the social environment related to pharmacy, such as the booming online drug purchase channels and markets at home and abroad in recent years, which have had a huge impact on traditional pharmacy disciplines [10]. In order to cope with this situation, it is a good solution to add some related emerging subject knowledge to pharmacological theory courses before the corresponding emerging courses are mature. Similarly, the change of pharmacological theory course objectively puts forward corresponding requirements for pharmacological experiment course. In addition, the trend of pharmacological experiment course reform is influenced by many other factors. But generally speaking, under the actual national conditions of our country, as the main employment market of pharmaceutical talents, the demand of community health service centers and social pharmacies is the main driving force to promote the reform direction of pharmaceutical education system. Therefore, as an important part of curriculum reform, the development trend of pharmacological experimental curriculum reform is centered on cultivating new pharmaceutical professionals who can provide pharmaceutical health care services.
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