Guangya Academy, located in the northwest of Guangzhou, was founded by Zhang Zhidong, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, in the 13th year of Guangxu (1887). Zhang Zhidong was an influential government official in the late Qing Dynasty. He not only became a representative of the Westernization School in modern times, but also was a famous scholar who dared to reform the traditional education in China. /kloc-founded meditation academy in Wuchang in 0/869. 1873, Zunjing Academy was established in Chengdu. 1882, Lingde Academy was founded in Taiyuan. However, the educational contents of these academies basically can't reflect the traditional study of the world. Later, Zhang Zhidong became the governor of Shanxi, contacted the missionary timothy richard, and began to understand western affairs and natural science knowledge. 1887, Zhang Zhidong, then the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, raised his own funds, personally chose the site to build the college, and formally established Guangya College.
For the purpose of Guangya Academy, Zhang Zhidong said in the article "Please present the plaque of Guangya Academy": "I set up an academy ..... The above-mentioned people clarify the sacred way, emphasize the famous festivals, make the past serve the present, understand current events, and expect to have both body and function, which will be preserved as the material of the national framework. The second person can also bow to the wall, he will be embarrassed by the rural party, and he will not get rid of the habit of being arrogant and close to interests, which is enough to wash his body and customs. " The courses of Guangya College are divided into Confucian classics, history, nature, economy and Ci. Later, it was changed to classics, history, reason and literature, which were divided into four classes. Confucian classics, with knowledge of righteousness as the text, do not take triviality; Historiography, focusing on the connecting link between the preceding and the following, does not follow the empty theory; Neo-Confucianism emphasizes practice and does not take amendments; Literature is mainly intellectual and elegant, not extravagant. Its towel economy is dependent on history and geography. There are two kinds of examinations in Guangya College: formal classes and fasting classes. In the evening class, put away the papers of Shi Liwen's four courses and send them to the lecture hall this month. After the error is checked, it will still be sent to the college. The college belongs to its branch school, and the school has a hierarchy and the school has a ranking. The number of places to be selected will be filled in on the left side of the test paper, regardless of grade, which will still be collected by the supervision institute and sent to the lecture hall for joint reading and evaluation. The whole hospital will be a list. As for the fasting class, it is planned to divide books and everything will be handled according to the formal class. Again, the dean will collect comments, and the class papers of the whole hospital will be published. However, the content of this kind of examination is obviously different from the old-fashioned examination, but there is no difference in duration. The formal class time of Guangya College is three days, and there is no time limit for classes on an empty stomach. Each class is divided into majors, and each major has a class with at least two exam hours. This examination method of Guangya Academy was also absorbed by Hunan Current Affairs School hosted by Liang Qichao.
Although Guangya Academy is interested in innovation, at the beginning of its establishment, it did not jump out of the traditional four subsets of classics and history. It was not until Zhu Yixin, a scholar in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, became the second dean of Guangya Academy that this situation was changed. Zhu Yixin (1846 1894) is a student of Ruan Yuan's Jingshe in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. He delves into traditional knowledge. He is one of the few scholars in the late Qing Dynasty who can learn both traditional knowledge and western learning. From 65438 to 0888, Zhu Yiqing was employed by Zhang Zhidong as the president of Guangya College. He emphasized reading history and thought that "if it is an eventful autumn, learning classics is more important than learning history" and "the closer the history is, the more practical it is". At the same time, Zhu Xin also attaches great importance to western learning. He believes that "to govern western learning, we must understand its topography, test its political customs, and thus know its people's feelings, which is the capital for manipulation and control." The secondary art of war. It would be nice if everything was done by heaven. "He told students that he emphasized learning, chemistry and optics, as well as western medicine, railways and agricultural machinery. In his book "Questions and Answers in Ignorance Hall", it is recorded that he discussed a wide range of topics with students, which played a great role in guiding students to understand western learning and cultivating current affairs talents.
Guangya Academy is the most influential one among many academies founded by Westernization School in the late Qing Dynasty.
Xiguan, outstanding people, has left countless civilized ink marks in the long vicissitudes of life. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was first baptized by the spirit of European rain and west wind. With the development of national capitalism, Xiguan education is increasingly prosperous. Famous teachers add fuel to the flames, and scholars gather in the South China Sea like pearls.
In the late Qing Dynasty, private schools still occupied an important and mainstream educational site. At the same time, another more common educational base, the academy with a history of hundreds of years, gradually developed and expanded. After the Opium War, the Westernization School put forward the idea of "self-improvement" of "taking middle school as the body and western learning as the application", set up industries and schools, and learned advanced foreign science and technology. 1884 (Guangxu 10) During the Sino-French War, Zhang Zhidong, one of the representatives of the Westernization School, was promoted from the governor of Shanxi to the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. In addition to setting up shipyards, arsenals, weaving mills, coin bureaus and other industries in Guangzhou, he also imitated Bailudong Academy in Jiangxi and Yuelu Academy in Hunan, and chose Yuantou Township in the west of the city, and asked Guangxu Emperor to allow him to establish Guangya Academy. Built in 1887 and completed in 1888. It started school in June 2008.
The name of Guangya Academy is taken from "the greatness of broad people" and "the integrity of elegant people". The first predecessor was Liang Dingfen, and later, there were famous Guangdong scholars such as Liao Tingxiang, Deng, Ding Renchang and so on. Students were strictly selected by the counties of Guangdong and Guangxi, each with 100 people, all of whom were hospitalized. If you go out, you need to ask for leave. Those who fail to learn will be expelled, and 70 students will be rewarded for their assessment results. Due to strict education management, many talents have been trained. The course is divided into four courses: Confucian classics, history, neo-Confucianism and literature. Students are free to choose and study articles. The original term was three years, but it was later changed to nine years. Teaching not only absorbed the traditional way, but also had the characteristics of new learning, which had a certain impact on Guangdong education and was one of the famous academies in China at that time.
Guangya Academy is quite large, covering an area of more than 70,000 square meters, such as the courtyard river outside the side wall of about1.2000 square meters. The academy faces south, and the central axis of the building has the building of the Dean, the Auditorium, the Infinite Building and the Crown Building (built in the Qing Dynasty and rebuilt by Huang Linshu on 1935), which is a student library with many rare books. Everything is a study, each with 10 alley and each alley with 10 rooms, a total of 200 rooms. Dongzhai is the place where Guangdong students live and study, and Xizhai is the place where Guangxi students use it. There is a pond in front of the Guanguan Building, and there are Qingjiatang, Lingnan Temple and Lotus Pagoda near the pond for students to visit and rest in their leisure time. There is also the "Lake Boat" building next to Xichi, which was once the place where Kang Youwei and others studied. 1899 (twenty-five years of Guangxu in Qing dynasty), taking the lead in attaching western learning. 190 1 year, the Qing government issued the imperial edict of "abolishing academies, setting up schools and improving private schools", and Guangya Academy was changed into two major schools, and 1903 was changed into Guangdong and Guangxi higher education schools. After the Revolution of 1911, the provisional government issued a decree again: changing schools into schools and continuing to improve private schools. So the original "Guangya Academy" was renamed Guangdong No.1 Middle School, and 1935 was changed to Guangya Middle School, and the "623" discipline system was implemented. The title of Guangya Middle School has been called today. During the Anti-Japanese War, Guangzhou fell and Japanese puppet troops were stationed here. After the victory, Guangya Middle School recovered to the present.
Due to the vicissitudes of war, most of the buildings and cultural relics of Guangya Academy have disappeared. There are also Shanchang Building, Guanguan Building and Centennial Stone Bridge built in Qing Dynasty. Four Qing Dynasty stone carvings with a height of 3m and a width of l.85-Zhang Zhidong's Preface to Xu Jun's Explaining Words, Wu Dacheng's Theory of Six Arts in Jun Zheng, Li Wentian's Learning Rules of Zhuzi Bailudong Academy and Wang Mingluan's Four Proverbs of Cheng Zi; Three Qing Dynasty stone carvings with embedded walls of 2. 14 m high and 0.92 m wide —— The Rules of Guangya Academy, Zhang Zhidong, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and Memories of the Founding of Guangya Academy by Zhang Zhidong, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi; The stone carving of Zhang Zhidong's portrait is 2m high, 1.09m wide and 0.22m thick. It is rare that so many large-scale Qing Dynasty stone carvings are concentrated in one school in Guangzhou. The history room of the school also contains Qing Dynasty cultural relics such as bricks and tiles engraved with Guangya's memory.
The campus of Guangya Middle School is covered with trees and towering ancient trees. Old banyan trees with Lingnan characteristics are all over the school, with flowers in full bloom and dotted with campus. There are more than 900 trees in the campus (including 13 trees listed as ancient trees by Guangzhou Municipal People's Government); Lawn 1 1600 square meters (including 8000 square meters of green football field), 850 meters of hedgerows, more than 6500 shrubs, more than 65438 pots of potted flowers, and 6 small green scenes (biological park, geographical park, fountain, lake pavilion, Zhang Zhidong pavilion and goldfish sleeping lotus pond).