20 12 April, the Ministry of Education issued "Several Opinions on Improving the Quality of Higher Education in an All-round Way", clearly stating that the undergraduate enrollment scale of public universities will remain relatively stable in the future. On the other hand, the excessive expansion of undergraduate colleges has caused the decline of the quality of higher education. In order to improve the quality of teaching, it will become a basic system for professors to teach undergraduates, and they cannot be hired as professors unless they attend classes. The undergraduate enrollment expansion that lasted for 13 years will stop.
In 20 13, the total scale of all kinds of higher education in China reached 34.6 million, and the gross enrollment rate of higher education reached 34.5%.
In 20 19, the enrollment of higher vocational colleges increased by 1 10,000, and the gross enrollment rate of higher education in China exceeded 50%, entering the stage of popularization of higher education.
The positive effects are as follows:
1. Improve the enrollment rate of senior high schools and let more students realize their college dreams. Going to college used to be equivalent to getting an iron rice bowl. With the rapid expansion of university enrollment and the rising enrollment rate, it is not difficult to enter ordinary universities.
2. Improve the quality of the people, upgrade their academic qualifications, and narrow the gap with foreign education. In 2002, the total scale of higher education in China reached160,000, and the number of undergraduate and higher vocational students and graduate students in ordinary universities and adult colleges increased. In the early 1980s, the gross enrollment rate of higher education in China was only 2%-3%. After the expansion of enrollment in recent years, the gross enrollment rate of higher education in China has reached 15%, and it has initially entered the stage of popular education.
3. Postpone the initial employment time and ease the employment pressure. Nowadays, the population is particularly large, and education can keep more people in school, reduce the number of employed people and reduce the employment pressure. Once a large group enters the employment team, it will inevitably cause great employment pressure. Developing higher education is an effective way to relieve employment pressure, and it is also a necessary measure to develop education according to the proportion of school-age students.
4. Develop economy and stimulate domestic demand. In recent years, China's national economic development has entered a trough, and the scale of China's higher education has developed greatly, thus stimulating domestic demand, forming new economic growth points and promoting economic growth. The education industry has been expanded and developed, making education a hot investment industry, increasing people's investment and consumption in education, increasing the number of education practitioners and promoting the development of education-related industries.
5. Realize the staged leap of educational development. China's large-scale enrollment expansion and the promotion of education development stage are measures to let more school-age young people enjoy education.
The negative effects are as follows:
The first problem brought by the enrollment expansion policy is the decline of education quality and the lack of infrastructure. Take Peking University as an example. 1999, the expansion of enrollment leads to the shortage of dormitories in Peking University, and some students need to solve their own accommodation problems. In 2002, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission conducted a survey of 50 colleges and universities, and found that 65% of the schools could not continue to expand their enrollment because of the shortage of teachers, and 86% of the schools had problems in hardware and funds.
At the same time, the lack of teachers has led to a sharp decline in the quality of school teaching. Taking Hunan as an example, from 1998 to 2005, the number of college students increased by 4.2 times, while the number of teachers only increased by 2. 1 times. The number of teachers lags behind the growth rate of students, but the rapid expansion of teachers will seriously affect the level of teachers.
Since the first batch of college students entered the society in 2003, the employment of college students has become a topic of concern to the whole society. Because the distribution of college students' packages was cancelled less than 10 years ago, college students entered the job market after enrollment expansion. Objectively, the enrollment expansion policy distorts the supply and demand system of college graduates, which directly leads to the decline of college students' employment rate and salary. In 2009, there will be 7 million college students in China who need to solve the employment problem. In addition to the huge employment demand, the decline in education quality, unreasonable major and curriculum structure and inadaptability to market demand caused by enrollment expansion have also become a major reason for the difficulty of college students' employment.
As China faced severe employment pressure under the impact of the financial crisis in 2009, the government began to arrange some college students to work at the grassroots level. In addition, the employment pressure has been solved by expanding the number of graduate students. However, due to the influence of previous enrollment expansion, many people do not agree with this policy. The pressure of employment also makes the treatment level of China university graduates drop again and again. In many areas, the treatment of university graduates has dropped to the same level as that of migrant workers. Under the pressure of low employment rate, many universities have the problem of high employment rate.
In order to solve the problem of insufficient infrastructure, many colleges and universities have expanded on a large scale after enrollment expansion, which has set off an upsurge of infrastructure construction in colleges and universities. As a result, because of the large scale of infrastructure, many schools are burdened with huge debts. As of September 2007, the total amount of college loans in China exceeded 200 billion yuan. In order to repay the loan, some schools do not hesitate to raise tuition fees and lower admission scores. Due to the debt problem, the credit ratings of many colleges and universities have fallen sharply.