In 2002, the project was listed as the key project of the tenth five-year plan of national education science and the special topic of youth of the Ministry of Education. The theoretical system is briefly introduced as follows: First, pay attention to accumulation and lay a good foundation for the new curriculum standard. It is pointed out that the Chinese course should "guide students to correctly understand and use the Chinese of the motherland, enrich language accumulation, cultivate language sense and develop thinking".
Life is the source of Chinese learning. The training of "100 new words" makes language accumulation, language sense cultivation and thinking development directly come from life. Ask students to record the news that happened around them that day, or what they heard, read and saw that day, with a length of about 100 words, so as to make the language concise and smooth. There is an essential difference between keeping a diary and writing something new with hundreds of words. We don't want to be long, we don't want much, we just want perfection, and we put more energy into "how to write".
Reading is a special kind of life. Newspaper clipping training requires students to newspaper clipping every day, starting from the theme, content and emotion of the article, or starting from the writing method of the article, adding comments, experiences and associations to the article. This kind of training not only broadens students' reading range and increases reading quantity, but also provides favorable conditions and broad space for students to choose reading materials and write independently, and implements the reading habit of "no pen and ink, no reading".
There is an essential difference between newspaper clippings and post-reading. The latter focuses on "feeling", while newspaper clippings attach importance to students' evaluation ability, which is not only manifested in the "feeling" of writing content, but also in the "evaluation" of writing content, process and method, so as to appreciate the success of the article and establish their own composition standards. The two courses are carried out alternately, which allows students to absorb nutrition directly or indirectly from life and also solves the problem of "what to write".
The author thinks that composition training should go through three stages: mastering composition characteristics-mastering writing methods-improving composition ability through continuous practice. Therefore, in the composition training sequence of "news reading guide" (news writing training-imagination training-language optimization training-investigation composition training), "news writing training" focuses on letting students master composition characteristics and writing methods, while imagination and thinking should focus on composition.
With a simple and standardized structure (generally an inverted pyramid) and easy-to-master news (news) writing training, News Guide helps students quickly break into the kingdom of composition, firmly grasp the truth and novelty of composition content and emotion, and make the language concise and refined, which has since become a habit. Strict requirements for authenticity in news writing can standardize students to write true feelings with typical examples; Strict requirements for news value can standardize students' writing new ideas and cultivate innovative spirit; Accurate, concise and vivid news writing language requirements provide training opportunities for changing students' flashy "student accent"; Observing and thinking about the process of news writing to make news real and vivid is very helpful to cultivate students' interest and motivation in writing; Prose-style communication and complementary literary works have also found a new world for middle school students to learn literary language.
Language is accumulated by students in a subtle way, and others, including teachers, can't help, so the training of imagination and thinking ability has become the most effective composition teaching content, and the optimization of training language will be carried out after students have accumulated a certain amount of language. Guo Moruo once said: "Seek the method from the impossible, and seek the method after the law." Compared with the ordinary rapid composition method, the composition training sequence of "news leading the way" seeks the breadth and depth of thinking and the accuracy of language through the training of imagination, thinking and language optimization, and quickly dissolves the standard mode of news without causing the consequences of patterning.
Third, give tools four-step writing The author believes that writing is a dual transformation process of "divergent thinking-convergent thinking-linear thinking". That is, starting from the writing goal, giving full play to the ability of observation and feeling, and connecting all kinds of knowledge and things from life and mind is "divergent thinking"; Selecting materials, refining ideas, conceiving and planning articles is a process of "gathering thoughts" by constantly sorting out existing materials and viewpoints; The "linear" feature of language (different words and phrases can't be expressed at the same time) is reflected when things in the author's mind become words.
Based on this, the author designed the thinking composition method of 4X building blocks. Its basic steps are: item)-mystery)-thank you)-repair.
This method is in line with the new curriculum standard that "we should grasp the links of material selection, conception, drafting and processing, so that students can learn to write in writing practice". Brain map is a brand-new thinking method developed by Dr. tony bazan in England. Its main point is to write the subject words in the center; Write down any relevant arguments, branch from the central point, branch from different categories, and continue to connect.
4X building block thinking composition method, using brain map as composition tool to help students think. Step "thinking" is essentially divergent thinking. By expanding the clues of association guidance, enriching the content, connecting familiar life and knowledge fields with one thing as the trigger point, and guiding students to associate things in three ways: similar association, comparative association and close association, the content of the article is comprehensive and rich. Guide students to combine divergent thinking with continuous thinking to make the article profound.
The step of "selecting" to improve the brain map is essentially "gathering thinking", which requires students to consider whether to write or not, whether to write or skim, and whether to write first and then divide the content according to the principle of "meeting the requirements of the topic, being correct or reasonable, being novel and unique, and being conducive to giving full play to their advantages". Modern brain science research shows that the left hemisphere is responsible for processing linear information, while the right hemisphere is responsible for processing visual, structural and hierarchical information. The introduction of brain map avoids the linear shortcomings of traditional composition outline, and makes the process of composition selection, conception and conception diverge or converge, which is more in line with personal thinking habits.
2. How do teachers guide students to write compositions? The first is how to guide students to choose materials. According to the training requirements of exercises, we should first guide students to recognize the topic, grasp the eye of the topic and define the center; Then let the students choose materials from the rich materials they have learned from the practical activities around the center. Only in this way can the selected materials not deviate from the central content, put an end to the phenomenon of copying mechanically, which is both true and vivid.
Secondly, it is to guide students to write an outline. In order for students to write an orderly article, they should first know what to write, then what to write, and finally how to write. Of course, like narrative, it can start in chronological order or flashback. This requires preparing a writing outline in advance. With an outline, students can write a centered and organized article.
Third, it is to guide students to revise their compositions. The so-called revision means correcting mistakes, deleting redundancies and adding new contents until you are satisfied. As the saying goes, "an article can never get tired of changing", in fact, good articles are often changed.
3. How to guide students to write true compositions and how to guide primary school students to tell lies in their compositions has become a common phenomenon.
There is a strange phenomenon that children are usually criticized for telling lies, but writing lies in their compositions is allowed. The teacher knew that what he said in the composition was a lie, but he accepted it gladly and gave high marks.
This is tantamount to cultivating and encouraging students to lie. The famous scholar Morrow has a saying: The attitude you speak is the attitude towards life. If your words are false, then your attitude towards life is also false.
In other words, telling the truth or lying in the composition is also a question of being a man. "Chinese Curriculum Standard" also clearly stipulates that writing a composition should be * * * words, and you can't lie.
What reason does our teacher have to violate it? I can't. Can't a child write a good composition without lying? Of course not.
Most of the responsibility for this lies with the teacher. I am deeply moved here.
Case: On 2011February, the third "Contemporary Education" Yi Yifeng Cup Primary School Students' Composition Competition in Guizhou Province won the second prize, and Lei Ziyun's composition "Children without Mothers" in Class 2, Grade 4. I read the editorial board's revision and the judges' teacher's summary.
I am deeply touched, with mixed feelings. In order to guide success and keep improving, I added my "age" to the composition guidance.
The full text is 2000 words. A child without a mother is like a grass.
The editorial department changed the title to Children Without Mothers. The opening paragraph: "Only mothers are good in the world. A child without a mother is like a grass. Where can I find happiness without my mother's arms? " ! -hearing that touching song, my thoughts are full: I am the child who lost his mother, and I am the lonely grass! How I wish I were the baby in my mother's arms! The editorial board shortened the opening paragraph to one sentence: I am a child without a mother, how I wish to be the baby in my mother's arms! The middle paragraph 1800 words is a draft written by Lei Ziyun in three days. The case is true, vivid and touching.
The layout and structural arrangement of writing ideas are all done by teachers. The teacher revised the wording and repeatedly cut, combined and adjusted it according to the materials.
Ending paragraph: There is a song that is really well written! "This is the call of the soul, this is the dedication of love, this is the spring breeze on the earth, this is the source of life! Ah! As long as everyone gives a little love, the flowers of happiness will bloom everywhere and the world will become a beautiful world! " Although I lack maternal love, I think there is love everywhere in the world! "There is only one good mother in the world, and a child without a mother is like a grass. Where can I find happiness without my mother's arms? Solitary grass has become a treasure under the care of the world, and happiness cannot be enjoyed! " The editorial board also deleted the last paragraph as one sentence: I am a child without a mother, but I have grandparents and younger brothers. How concise are the three major deletions made by the editorial board teacher! I have benefited a lot.
In order to improve the structure, I repeatedly revised the words and phrases, adopted the writing method of beginning and end echo, and impressed the judges with the beginning and end of the song, which made them become so adult and produced more empty words, cliches and lies. Although the editorial board didn't make any changes to the middle part, the fourth-grade students couldn't complete the layout adjustment of such a long masterpiece.
It really took me a lot of thought, and there were fewer original things. Some words, phrases and sentences are my tutor's strengths and weaknesses.
Through the composition guidance of primary school students this time, I remembered a famous saying: "Simplify the Sanqiu tree and introduce new February flowers." The true meaning and truth.
Teacher Lin Shengqing, a judge of Contemporary Education, also had a written talk with the composition instructor of this competition in the book: "More childlike interest, less mature" ... It is certainly a good thing to win the prize, but it may not be a good thing if it does not reflect the true level of students. To be honest, I have reservations about some articles obtained in this essay contest.
Why? Because, in those articles, I seldom see childlike innocence and read childlike interest. Many articles are marked by adults, and the structure and writing are too mature and almost perfect.
This caused me to think, are our primary school students really capable of being familiar with structure, writing, theme and expression? Are students' feelings about society and life really that profound? I arbitrarily think that this is impossible. Even the students with the best grades in the sixth grade should not pay attention to the social level.
..... I say this not to deny the winning composition, but to remind our Chinese teachers not to impose their thoughts and feelings on students, not to let students write about people and things far away from their lives, and not to give writing guidance instead of students. The composition of primary school students is true.
If you lose the truth, you lose the childlike innocence. Just think, if the compositions of eleven or twelve-year-old pupils are all big themes, big structures and big narratives, are they still called primary school compositions? Many entries are not childlike, only more mature.
This has become a very bad style of writing and study. Teachers are responsible for this phenomenon in competition composition.
If our teachers were not so utilitarian, they wouldn't encourage others. You can gain fame and fortune for a while, but in the end, it is the students who suffer.
So I am firmly opposed to that way of composition guidance. From those essays that have the phenomenon of pulling out seedlings to encourage others, I feel that the problem is very serious, and it is time for us to reflect.
..... "Teacher Lin's words are so reasonable that I have benefited a lot. Many of our tutors are doing some wrong things to encourage others to get quick success and instant benefit.
In fact, as a tutor, our hearts are the clearest: how can we achieve an excellent composition without the careful guidance and repeated revision of the tutor? How can the manuscript enter the competition? Does it seem that the teacher is not working hard enough? You have to do this! In fact, pruning and polishing are also appropriate, but it is best to consider how to retain the original flavor. What kind of composition is the real composition of primary school students? It should be an article with childlike innocence and interest. Even if the expression is not very accurate and there are some minor flaws, it reflects the real study life of students, and that is a good composition.
How to judge the "good" and "bad" composition of primary school students is naturally a matter of opinion. Here, I want to use a classic example in art teaching to show my point of view.
4. How to guide students to write a good composition The first step is to examine the topic, grasp the direction of topic investigation, and make the central content of the topic and composition not deviate from the requirements.
The second step of writing a good composition: choosing materials, what events to write, what things to write, who to write and whose characteristics to write. Good selection of materials will make the composition content not empty and sensational.
The third step of writing a good composition: conception, which requires that the composition should be far-sighted, the structure of the article should be well thought out, and the materials should be organized reasonably.
The fourth step of writing a good composition: the beginning, how to start? A little reference: first, come straight to the point, which means what you want to write, describe it at the beginning, or express your views directly; The second is the opening introduction, which leads to what you want to say from the opposite side or related events.
The fifth step of writing a good composition: the ending, because the structure is well thought out, the middle words are logical, and the ending will have an unusual effect. At the end, you should show positive and optimistic thoughts and sentiments, give people the taste of hope and sunshine, but don't talk big. It should be combined with the composition itself, and it can't be unconstrained and unconstrained, and it can't leave an intriguing ending for people to produce.
The above is the idea composition, but these can only be done by the usual accumulation, so what can be done to accumulate?
First, the most important thing in writing is language. How to organize the language so that your language can be read easily and make people feel comfortable is very important. This is the first impression (whether the writing is good or not), which requires you to read more beautiful articles and record the language you think is classic or beautiful or magnificent. You can imitate or even use it directly when writing.
Second: the structure of the composition is very important. Your material may not be very good, but after your wonderful language and article structure arrangement, the dead material will become a living butterfly. Structural arrangement. You are required to read more books at ordinary times, learn from other people's structural models, make more summaries, choose one at random when writing, or be able to innovate by yourself.
Third: the accumulation of materials, good materials will give you better space to play, so that you will not feel speechless. Material needs you to learn to observe life and have a positive and optimistic attitude towards life, then you will find the beauty in life, and then you will have a pair of eyes to intercept your best picture, that is, material, for your composition.
Fourth: Writing, maybe your composition is not good at anything, but your handwriting is neat and beautiful, and the surface is neat and tidy, which makes people feel very comfortable. Maybe the examiner found that your previous work was not very good, so he might stop reading your article and get a higher score directly, at least it won't make your seriousness turn into a blank sheet of paper. You need to know how many papers there will be when you change them, how tired it will be to change them for two days and how tired it will be to sit there.
I hope I can help you and wish you success!
5. How to instruct students to write specific compositions 1. Guide students to capture writing materials from life. The source of students' writing comes from life.
In order to make students like writing, we must first guide them to learn to find the source of writing. Life is real and colorful. It is of great significance for students to observe life carefully and reflect ordinary life.
Mr. Ye Shengtao once said: "Writing is inseparable from life, and to what extent life is rich, what words are written." Therefore, only by making students pay more attention to observing life and participating in practical activities can students accumulate their understanding and feelings about things.
In order to let students get rich writing materials from their daily life, I pay attention to cultivating students' habit of observing things around them. Often arrange some activities that connect with students' real life.
For example, use weekends or mother's birthday, Mother's Day, Women's Day and other time to help mothers do some housework within their power, experience their parents' usual hard work, and write down the childbirth process, parents' reactions, and their feelings and feelings after work; Observe your favorite little animal and express its appearance, living habits and interesting things that happened between you and your love for it. If students can develop the good habit of reading more, listening more, thinking more and asking more questions, they will enrich the composition materials over time.
Second, encourage students to read a lot and enrich language accumulation. As the saying goes, "reading thousands of volumes, writing like a god." Reading more and practicing more is the "trick" to write a good composition. Reading is the basis of composition. To improve students' writing ability, it is necessary to guide students to take good reading notes and take good reading notes on the texts in class, but this is far from enough. We should also guide students to read a lot of extra-curricular books and make good reading notes.
In addition to accumulating language by teaching texts, I also encourage students to read more extracurricular reading materials that are beneficial to their physical development and recommend some good newspaper reading materials to students, such as Xiaolong People's Daily, Pupils' Pinyin Daily, 100,000 Why, Fairy Tales, Love Education and so on. If you read more books, you can absorb nutrition from them to your own writing.
In normal reading teaching, guiding students to understand and know the regular knowledge of language expression in the text requires them not to read in general, but to read deeply and attentively. They are also trained to gradually develop the good habit of reading without pen and ink, and guided to classify and extract good words, sentences and fragments from the texts in the collection, and read, memorize and memorize them in their minds to strengthen their experience so as to use them in practice. Thirdly, effective imitation exercises can promote students' writing ability. For beginners, although they write about what is happening around them, they also know that they are writing about what they see, hear, do and think, but they don't know how to write when they start writing, and the composition they write is always not specific.
It is necessary to provide them with some model essays, learn their writing ideas, characteristics and methods, and imitate them according to their sentences and expressions, so that they will be interested in writing and write more specific compositions. First, imitate the expression of a paragraph or sentence group in the text.
For example, when teaching "interesting homework", there is a saying called "It's time to show homework. Wow! Students' desks are so busy! There are small wild flowers, tender mulberry leaves and green grass. "
Instruct them to use the sentence "There are tender and green cucumbers; There are bright red tomatoes; And * * * tofu ". Students learned to imitate paragraphs, which laid the foundation for writing articles.
Secondly, guide the writing method of imitating the text and train the article. Texts arranged in Chinese textbooks are excellent works, and both language and text structure are models for students to learn.
From the practice of Chinese teaching, it is obvious that students learn to write from reading and create from imitation. When reading a good article, students can not only learn the author's observation method and thinking method, but also learn the expression method. After imitating and writing, they can take shortcuts to write a good composition.
For example, after learning the text "If", let students imitate the writing method of this lesson and write an imaginary composition "If I had a magic pen of Ma Liang". The composition written by the students is well worded and clearly expressed, full of their inner wishes and pure love. In this way, we can skillfully apply what we have learned in class to composition teaching and achieve the purpose of applying what we have learned.
Fourthly, students' good writing habits can not be separated from effective writing steps, and I think they can not be separated from thinking, speaking, writing, reading and correcting. Thinking: Before writing, think clearly about what to write and what the composition requirements are.
At this time, the teacher gives timely guidance to the students' writing materials, guiding them to open their memories and choose the most impressive parts in their memories. This can not only closely follow the requirements of composition, but also express your true feelings.
Say: yes, practice speaking at the same table first. In the process of talking to the other party, point out the inappropriate words used by the other party, unclear and unspecific explanations, etc. You can reconsider and adjust. This not only avoids the phenomenon that the preface is inconsistent with the latter, but also exercises the students' oral expression ability.
Write: If you feel that you are clear-headed, coherent and satisfied, you can write. Reading: After writing, read it, find out typos and improper words, and form a good habit of thinking while reading.
Revision: on the basis of careful reading, revise yourself, find out the mistakes and learn the ability to revise the composition. But many primary school students have this problem: if he wants to revise his own composition, he can't find anything wrong, but if he is asked to revise his classmates' compositions and find faults in others' compositions, he can really find many inappropriate places, some of which even teachers can't think of.
According to the psychological characteristics of primary school students, I make use of the situation to guide them to find problems through "mutual correction" in their compositions and improve their writing ability. As long as students' habit of observing life and reading accumulation is cultivated, teachers are good at inspiration, clever guidance and timely encouragement, and I believe that students' writing ability will be improved.