(1) The voice of the media. The audio language of announcers and hosts is an important medium for the spread of radio and television programs. Therefore, phonology is one of the most important features of radio creation. Compared with the spread of words, the spread of spoken language has both inevitable limitations and inevitable advantages. Its limitation is that oral English is in chronological order, unlike newspaper words that borrow vision, reading can stop and think. The advantage of audio language is that it can enrich the image and deepen the impression with more perceptual and varied broadcasts. Television broadcasting plus image factors is more acceptable to the audience. Compared with other audio language arts, broadcast audio language has the following characteristics:
First, broadcast audio language is a standard language. Drama, Quyi, recitation and other audio language arts allow some impure broadcast languages in language; Some allow ambiguity for rhythm, but not for Putonghua broadcasting. Broadcasting audio language must have the standardization of broadcasting Putonghua. Specifically, it is necessary to standardize the pronunciation of Putonghua in terms of tone pause and sound change of light and heavy format streams, and standardize the language in terms of language expression. Not only should we speak standard Mandarin when broadcasting, but also broadcasters and presenters should develop the habit of speaking standard Mandarin in their daily lives. Some announcers and presenters speak Mandarin while broadcasting, but they speak dialects in their lives. The result also affects the standard of Putonghua when broadcasting, which is worthy of attention.
Second, the broadcast audio language is a solemn language. Announcers and hosts use audio language to reflect the true face of the world, which should be true, kind and simple, and not false, vague, exaggerated, dignified and publicized. This is also different from other audio language arts. The language of the announcer and host should make people believe that everything you say is not casual, but true, which requires solemnity. Of course, solemnity doesn't mean keeping a straight face, nor does it mean that we should sit back and wait, be serious and put on airs. Solemnity means sincerity, seriousness, truthfulness and to the point.
Thirdly, broadcast audio language is an encouraging language. Radio and television have powerful persuasion, education, encouragement and guidance functions. Ignore and relax restlessness, and the broadcast language will fall into indifference and dullness. Encouragement is based on sincere and cordial thoughts and feelings, and is closely related to clear purpose and specific pertinence. It requires announcers and hosts to have real feelings and emotional resonance for the broadcast content. It focuses on destroying people's progress, and it is necessary to distinguish right from wrong, love and hate.
Fourthly, broadcast audio language is a language with a sense of the times. As an audio language with news sensitivity, broadcasting language has a clear sense of the times. The sense of the times mainly refers to a certain spirit and atmosphere of the times. Broadcasting in different times should also have a different sense of the times. In today's reform and opening up, bold and enterprising has become an important spirit and connotation of the times, which is manifested in the free and easy tone and tight beat in the broadcasting language.
Fifth, the broadcast audio language is an audio language with appropriate limits. According to the modern Chinese dictionary, courtesy is the proper limit of speaking and doing things. Appropriate restrictions on who broadcasts audio language reflect the weight of attitude and emotion in expression and expression, and the temperature is moderate. Any language art pays attention to tepid, that is, it is necessary to prevent both emptiness and reality. Appropriate restrictions on the language of broadcasting are not based on the character characteristics and changes of roles in drama language art, nor on the emergence and performance of burdens, banter and imprisonment in Quyi language art, but on an accurate grasp of the policies of the party and the government and a clear understanding of real life.
Sixth, the broadcast audio language is still a language with a sense of intimacy. The intimacy of broadcasting is extremely important, and the most basic social effect of intimacy is that people are willing to accept it. What is broadcast is a straight face, unsmiling, sit tight, obviously there is no kind feeling. However, it is not intimacy to please the audience blindly and pursue the distance from the audience blindly, and to understand this distance as the softness and sweetness of the voice, resulting in a sense of oppression and kitsch. Or blindly pursuing excitement, there will always be a sense of compulsion, but it is not intimate, just like broadcasting to thousands of people from a tweeter. Broadly speaking, intimate broadcasting is a combination of words with substantial content, the concept of people in the mind, propagandists and the will of waiters. In broadcasting, the deeper the understanding of the program manuscript, the deeper the feeling, the more specific the understanding of the ideological object, the more skilled the use of expression skills, and the stronger the intimacy of the audio language.
The characteristics of sound and tone of broadcast audio language are discussed from six aspects. To sum up, the specification of the phonetic features of broadcast audio language means that the language specification is clear and smooth; Solemnity refers to truthfulness, credibility and elegance; Agitation refers to sincere feelings and clear love and hate; The sense of the times means being open-minded, fresh and lively; Appropriate restrictions mean accuracy and appropriateness, tepid; Kindness means that you are willing to be humble and close to each other. These six aspects are interrelated and constitute the connotation of the characteristics of broadcasting audio language.
The above is the first feature of broadcasting creation, the sound of media and the six features of broadcasting language. Let's talk about the second feature of broadcast creation: the authenticity of the content.
(2) the authenticity of the content. The content expressed by the voice language of radio and television announcers has the characteristics of authenticity as a whole. This is essentially different from drama, storytelling, recitation and other audio language arts. The content of these language arts is artistic. Literary works reflect the truth of life, the truth of art and the artistic expression of life by artists in typical and exaggerated language forms. The content of broadcasting is mainly news, which is a true story in society, without any exaggeration or embellishment. In addition to news programs, announcers also broadcast military programs, which is more scientific and true, while the broadcast of literary programs is mainly responsible for the introduction of program content and cultural knowledge, and the decision-making of literary performances such as literary criticism. Therefore, from the performance content, the content of broadcasting language art is real people, news people and recent social events. Some announcers also recite novels, perform radio plays, or dub movies. But this is usually recorded outside the broadcasting task, which belongs to the category of cultural performances and no longer appears as an announcer. So how do announcers insist on and embody the creative characteristics of news authenticity and artistry when broadcasting news programs? The main points are as follows:
First, make sure the text of the manuscript is correct. Names, place names, proper nouns of events, etc. There is nothing wrong with the procedures in the press release. At the same time, announcers and presenters should always consult the dictionary to ensure accurate broadcasting and prevent mispronouncing. Because any slip of the tongue and broadcast errors may cause factual errors. Zhang San said that it was Li Si, and the output of 654.38+0 million tons was said to be 2 million tons, which directly led to inaccuracy.
Second, to achieve the truth of inner feelings and the accurate use of skills. Similarly, when a sentence is spoken with different attitudes, different emotional tones and colors, and different stress pauses, its meaning is also different. For example, you are really nice! This sentence, said with different feelings, can express both positive praise and negative irony. For example, different words emphasize different meanings. We must solve the problems of education, employment and rehabilitation of disabled people step by step in a planned way on the basis of investigation. If you emphasize step by step, it will give people the feeling of taking it slowly; If we emphasize employment, education and rehabilitation, it will give people a feeling of helping disabled people solve practical problems with facts. I play this sentence with two different accents, and you can also experience it.
First, on the basis of investigation, we will gradually solve the employment, education and rehabilitation problems of the disabled in a planned way.
Secondly, on the basis of investigation, we should solve the employment, education and rehabilitation problems of the disabled in a planned and step-by-step manner.
For example, pause and connection have different semantics. Such a simple sentence: Jia Jia is not good for Rong Rong. There can be two different stops, representing two completely different meanings.
The first Jia Jia was bad for Rong Rong.
The second Jia Jia is not good for Rong Rong.
The meaning of expression is completely different, so it can be seen that the true essence of attitude and emotion and the accurate application of skills can not only lead to ambiguity and antonym of expression, but also lead to indirect inaccuracy.
Third, we should reflect the nature and overall connection of things.
From the perspective of the change and development of things, any news event is a reflection of a certain aspect and part of the development of things to a certain stage. News facts not only have their own process of occurrence, development, change and termination, but also have extensive connections with other things around them. The broadcast of news program is accurate, which truly and accurately reflects the nature and overall connection of things under the condition of ensuring that the text content is not wrong and the attitude and emotional skills are correct.
For example, a TV station reported that China won three of the five gold medals in track and field on the day before the end of the Seoul Asian Games in 1986. The announcer broadcast the news with great joy and excitement, but some viewers who are familiar with the rules of the game expressed dissatisfaction because the announcer did not accurately reflect the nature and overall connection of the news facts. Judging from China's own situation, China has the strength to win five gold medals, but because of the poor performance of athletes, it lost two gold medals that could have been won. This is the case from the vertical development of China. Judging from the horizontal connection between China and other national teams, South Korea won the two gold medals that China lost. It is precisely because of these two gold medals that the South Korean team overtook China in the total number of gold medals, thus keeping the future of China in the first place in the total number of gold medals in the Asian Games uncertain. Against this background, the fact that the China team won three gold medals is not happy and exciting. Seven or eight points of joy is enough, but there is still a trace of regret in the joy. The news broadcast in this way accurately reflects the essence and panorama of the facts, which is true and accurate. It can also be seen that the announcer's comments on the manuscript are not enough, and it is not enough to have true feelings and correct skills. It is also necessary to fully understand the news background and grasp the facts in the extensive contact of development and change. Only in this way can we truly, accurately and properly reflect and report news facts.
The above is the second feature of radio creation, the authenticity of the content, mainly talking about three issues. News broadcast should be true and accurate. First, it is necessary to stop broadcasting the written content of the manuscript. Second, it is necessary to have true feelings and correct skills. Third, it is necessary to grasp the essence and overall connection of things, so that news broadcast can be true and accurate. Let's talk about the third feature of broadcasting creation: the singleness of means and the indirectness of communication.
(3) Simplicity of means and indirectness of communication.
Judging from the means of creation and expression, the creative means of drama actors are mainly lines and body movements. In addition, there are clothing, lighting, scenery, props, music, the relationship between decision-making and so on. The creation of storytelling, cross talk, recitation and other actors, in addition to the sound language, there are also auxiliary performances such as facial expressions, eyes and other sound movements. The announcer only speaks spoken English, even if the TV announcer has facial expressions, eyes and other interventions, it is limited. Audio language is still its main means of expression. Judging from the creative environment and communication state, most other language arts are performed on the stage and communicate directly with the audience. So you can get feedback at any time to adjust your expression. Announcers and hosts usually broadcast in a relatively closed studio, not directly facing the audience. In order to get vivid expression, the announcer can only communicate with the imaginary audience in front of the microphone or camera. This communication is indirect. Sometimes it is directly broadcast live, but it is indirect to people outside. Although the two sides of the hotline call are direct, the other listeners are still indirect. Therefore, announcers and presenters are required to have strong expressive skills and use psychological skills such as image sense to communicate with the audience.
The fourth feature of radio creation is the reportability of communication and the timeliness of the process.
(4) Timely reporting communication and process. Judging from the identity of creation, creation and psychology, drama actors appear on the stage as roles, and the psychology of creation is that I am (that is, the person in the play); The rapper reciter also appeared in the play in his personal capacity, and his creative psychology was to perform works for the audience; Announcers appear as intimate friends of the publicity audience, spreading news or introducing knowledge or talking to the audience. His creative psychology is that I report the latest news to you or introduce it to you. Even if he (she) appears as a program host in his/her personal capacity, he (she) represents the program creation collective of radio and television stations and expresses the intention and purpose of the editorial department. Mastering the correct information knowledge and the correct viewpoint of spreading ideas cannot be said to be purely personal, so the host's broadcasting is not the performance of personal decision-making. Generally speaking, it is a broadcast audio language with artistic expression and reporting characteristics. Then, judging from the preparation process and time of creation, drama actors have to go through desk work such as reading scripts, memorizing lines, writing biographies and experiencing life, and then prepare to rehearse, guide and arrange again and again. It was not until the performance was very skilled that the performance was officially staged. Language arts such as storytelling, cross talk and recitation. At least you have to recite the manuscript repeatedly and rehearse it skillfully before you can perform. The preparation time and process of broadcast creation are very short, especially news programs, which often enter the studio after watching it once. Sometimes we broadcast the manuscript as soon as we get it, and we don't even have time to read it once. Therefore, the timeliness of broadcasting work is very strong. In the face of diverse manuscripts, announcers and presenters should have the ability to master and control manuscripts quickly. In addition, with the deepening of program reform and the broadening of business fields, the opportunities for broadcasters and hosts to go out for interviews, live reports and impromptu responses have also increased. Therefore, announcers and hosts should also have the ability and quality to broadcast without draft, improvise and speak freely.
The fifth feature of broadcasting creation is the artistry of language and the creativity of law.
(5) The artistry of language and the creativity of rules. As a language art, broadcast audio language has obvious artistry and creativity.
On the one hand, it lies in the announcer's pure and standard Putonghua pronunciation, mellow and beautiful voice, clear pronunciation and changeable language expression of true feelings. It can be said that an excellent announcer has rich aesthetic feeling in his voice and pronunciation.
On the other hand, its artistry and creativity lie in its ability to express rich program connotations with audio language, and even express the unexpected overtones of the manuscript author and the program planner, which adds color to the manuscript program and makes the audience get aesthetic pleasure and feelings that ordinary manuscripts can't achieve. Comrade Wei Wei listened to Qi Yue, a famous broadcasting artist and professor in China, who wrote << Who is the cutest person >> After this short message, he praised: "Teacher Qi Yue not only fully expressed his feelings expressed in words, but also expressed his feelings that he wanted to express but did not express." After listening to the recitation by Professor Xia Qing, a famous broadcasting artist in China, Comrade Guo Moruo was full of praise for his poems: "Write in three points and read in seven points." Comrade Deng Xiaoping said at a party congress: "No matter how chaotic the article is, once it is printed, it will be much more pleasing to the eye, and it will add a lot of color when it is read by the announcer." These are all proofs of artistic creativity and artistry of broadcast audio language. However, it should be noted and pointed out that the artistic creativity of broadcast audio language is regulated and restricted by the news and artistry of the manuscript program, which is also the characteristic of broadcast creativity. The characteristics of radio audio language creation can be summarized by an image: "Dancing with shackles." It is necessary to dance out colorful ideas and break free from bondage, which is the editing intention and pertinence of the manuscript program. Therefore, announcers should strive to seek creation in this restrictive and prescriptive way. It is wrong to think that manuscripts and programs limit the creative play of announcers and try to show it outside the manuscripts and programs. The so-called arbitrary editing intention is divorced from the intention of manuscript planning, and has actually deviated from the correct path of broadcast creation.
Above, I talked about the five creative characteristics of broadcasting language art, which can be summarized as follows: the voice of the media requires the standardization, solemnity, agitation, sense of the times, appropriate limits and intimacy of broadcasting audio language to be reflected in broadcasting creation; The authenticity of the content requires that while there are no mistakes in the written content, the attitude and feelings are true, and the skills are correct, we should also pay attention to reflecting the essence and overall connection of things; The singleness of means and the indirectness of communication require the announcer to be good at using psychological skills such as image sense to communicate with the audience; The timeliness of communication reports and processes should grasp the correct sense of identity and expression language style, as well as the ability to quickly recite manuscripts and export chapters; The artistry, stipulation and creativity of language require the announcer to be good at expressing the profound connotation of the manuscript with sound language, adding color and icing on the cake to the manuscript program. At the same time, the expression and creation of language can not be separated from the constraints of manuscripts and programs.
To sum up, in broadcasting creation, broadcast hosts should stand on the proletarian party spirit and the correct position of the party, be sensitive to journalists, grasp the development and changes of the domestic and international situation and the ideological reality of the people, accurately, timely and efficiently complete the understanding process of the specific feelings of the manuscript, and create audio language with active and free microphones, so as to achieve the perfect unity of cordial thoughts, feelings and languages, and achieve the unity of genre style and sound form. This is the correct way of broadcasting creation. Adhering to the correct path of radio creation means fully embodying the characteristics of radio creation and adhering to the correct principles of radio creation. We should adhere to the correct path and principle of broadcasting creation and be alert to the interference of incorrect broadcasting creation consciousness. For example, we don't pay attention to the accumulation of learning literacy and the improvement of news quality, discuss manuscripts when creating, don't pay attention to in-depth analysis and understanding of manuscripts, simply pursue the awareness of language skills, pay attention to analysis and understanding, but ignore the initiation and understanding brought by perfect feelings and accumulation. There is also a sense of contempt for language skills and a tendency to ignore the characteristics of broadcasting, which will hinder the mastery and persistence of the correct creative path.