Pull the lens

Put the camera on the moving car and pull it back to the person or scene to get the picture. As the lens gradually moves away from the main body, the picture gradually unfolds from a part, allowing the audience to move back and see the connection between the part and the whole.

scenic photo

Empty lens is also called "scenery lens". A scene in which no characters (mainly those related to the plot) describe natural scenery or scenes. It is often used to introduce the environmental background, explain the time and space, express the feelings of characters, promote the development of stories and express the author's attitude. It has the functions of explanation, suggestion, symbol and metaphor. In the film, it can produce artistic effects such as lyricism, scene blending, artistic conception rendering, atmosphere contrast and association. , but also has a unique role in the time-space transformation of the picture and the adjustment of the film rhythm. There are two kinds of aerial photography: scenery photography and physical photography. The former is generally called landscape shooting, and it is mostly represented by panorama or perspective. The latter, also known as "detail description", generally adopts close-up or close-up. The use of empty lens is not only a simple description of scenery, but also an important means for film creators to combine lyric techniques with narrative techniques to strengthen the artistic expression of films.

Tracking lens

Also known as "follow the trend". A photograph taken by a camera following a moving object. Follow-up lens can continuously and carefully show the movements and expressions of characters in action, which can not only highlight the main body in motion, but also explain the direction, speed, posture of the moving body and its relationship with the environment, so as to keep the movement of the moving body coherent and help to show the mental outlook of the characters in the dynamic.

Synthetic lens

Generally speaking, it refers to the lens picture taken by "synthetic photography". Sometimes it refers to the sound-picture synthesis of the focal plane. In the process of shooting, the picture and sound are recorded on two carriers respectively, and the picture and vocal cords are not printed on one film until the film is copied. Therefore, shots with both sound and pictures are also called "synthetic shots".

Sound image calibration

An editing technique that combines sound and image asynchronously. In other words, the sound outside the painting promotes the development of the plot of the picture, or describes the inner world of the characters, so as to achieve the purpose of sound serving the content of the picture. Moving the sound processing forward or backward, that is, the sound head of the next shot enters the picture end of the previous shot in advance, or the sound end of the previous shot is delayed to the picture end of the next shot, thus forming a natural and smooth transition between the upper and lower shots, or leading to a certain dramatic effect, which is also a method of juxtaposing sound and painting.

Synchronization of sound and image

The dialogue and sound in the film are consistent with the action of the picture. That is to say, the vocal cords of the film are in strict harmony with the picture, so that the sound (including dubbing) maintains a natural relationship with the picture image, and the video in the picture and the sound it emits appear and disappear at the same time, which is consistent. On the contrary, sound and picture are not synchronized. The function of sound and picture synchronization mainly lies in strengthening the realism of the picture and improving the appeal of the visual image.

synchronize

Also known as "live recording". A recording method when shooting a movie. Generally speaking, tapes are used for recording. Synchronous recording requires the recording studio to be equipped with good sound insulation equipment, and the camera and tape recorder should be equipped with sound avoidance devices. The location shooting scene also adopts synchronous recording, and the recorded sound can be used as a reference for the actor's dubbing, thus improving the quality of the film dialogue.

presco

Also known as "pre-recording". A shooting method of recording first and then taking pictures. Opera film and music dance films with a lot of lyrics and music are often used, that is, before filming, the lyrics and music in the film are recorded as vocal cords, and then the actors play back the vocal cords when shooting the corresponding pictures.

cinerama

Also known as "dome movie" or "dome movie". A big-screen movie that appeared in the 1970s. Super wide-angle fisheye lens is used for shooting and projection. The audience hall is dome-shaped and the screen is hemispherical. The audience is surrounded by it, and the screen is like the sky. Because the screen image is large and clear, extending from the front to the back of the audience, accompanied by stereo surround sound, the audience feels very immersive.

Circular film

Also known as "screen movie". A film shown on a 360-degree circular screen around the circular inner wall of a cinema. Multiple cameras shoot at the same time, and multiple projectors project at the same time, including three, five, nine and eleven. The projector of the circular cinema is installed in the projection room above the circular screen, and the audience can stand in the center of the audience hall and watch at will. Because of the wide field of vision, it has a multi-channel three-dimensional effect, which can make the audience feel immersive. However, due to the complex equipment, the screening time should not be too long, generally only about half an hour. The circular cinema cannot show ordinary films at the same time, so it is limited and difficult to popularize.

Mask widescreen movie

Also known as "fake widescreen movies". A wide-screen movie without distortion. Using 35mm film, when shooting and showing, a frame is added in front of the camera and projector to cover the upper and lower sides of the frame. Without changing the width of the frame, the height of the frame is reduced, and the aspect ratio of the frame is changed from the original 1: 1.33 to 1.66. This kind of wide-screen movie is relatively simple and has been widely used.

Left-wing movies

1933- 1935 the Communist Party of China (CPC)'s secret film group, led by China's General League of Left-wing Cultural Circles, launched a left-wing film movement in Shanghai and produced a number of anti-imperialist and anti-feudal films. From 65438 to 0933, Huang Zibu () cooperated with Cheng, director of Xingying Company, to produce the first left-wing film "Wild Flow". With the help and support of left-wing filmmakers, Star, Lianhua, Yihua and Tianyi took the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal production route. In the same year, three modern women's works, Morning in the City, Night in the City, Maternal Light, Twenty-four Hours in Shanghai, Woman's Scream, Spring Silkworm, Harvest Year, Gadgets, Road, Sisters, Red Tears on the Iron Plate and Struggle, came out one after another. 1934- 1935 with the intensification of the suppression of the left-wing film movement by the authorities, the left-wing film creation is facing greater difficulties, but the secret film group of the party still provides scripts to the company or director through personal contacts and helps to set up Dentsu Film Company. In the past two years, Star, Yihua, Dentsu and other production companies have produced Qiu Tong, Yu Guang Qu, Daughter Classic, Homesickness, Boat Lady, Peach Blossom after Robbery, Golden Age, Escape, Elegy of Life, The Beginning of Life, The Robbery of Peach Blossom, etc. 1936 the anti-Japanese patriotic film shot by Shanghai company under the slogan of "national defense film" is in the same strain as the left-wing film in a broad sense.

Stunt artist

Also known as "stunt design". The designers and organizers of film stunt shots cooperate with stunt photographers to complete the shooting of stunt shots. The stunt artist not only has the artistic accomplishment of film modeling, but also has the ability to master the film stunt technology. He can draw the picture atmosphere map of stunt shots and is competent for painting and model processing required by various perspective synthetic shots. After studying with the stunt photographer to determine the specific shooting scheme, the corresponding stunt technology is used to complete the shooting task of the stunt lens. The stunt lens design scheme put forward by stunt artists must reflect the director's creative intention, integrate with the overall modeling of the film, and fully consider the requirements of realism, safety, economy and time saving.

Stunt photographer

One of the main creators of film stunt shots. Cooperate with stunt artists, study and determine the design scheme, use the corresponding stunt technology, and complete the shooting of stunt shots with ordinary or special photographic equipment to reflect the director's creative intention.

stand-in

Body double is also called "stuntman". A special actor who performs some special and difficult movements and skills instead of the original actor in the film, or a thrilling action that the original actor is not qualified for. Generally, people with special skills required by movies will be chosen to perform the required actions, not an actor.

character actor

An actor who can create a variety of roles. This kind of actor has strong plasticity and wide performance range, and is good at recreating the screen image through unique performances. The roles they create are different from the actors themselves, from other roles they have played, and from the same roles played by other actors. At the same time, each image has a different personality.

Audio-visual counterpoint

A relationship between sound and picture in movies. Including two artistic treatments: (1) audio-visual contrast. The content and artistic conception of music and pictures are consistent, only the difference of quantity exists. For example, in China's feature film Red women soldiers, there is a set of life pictures, which show that the soldiers are full of youthful vitality and brisk pace, and the music is the long red flag on Wuzhishan. This contrast has the effect of strengthening the surface structure of painting. (2) The opposition between sound and painting. The image and artistic conception of music are completely opposite. For example, in the feature film Blessing, the kind-hearted sister-in-law Xianglin hit her head when she was forced to get married and wanted to die. The exciting and cheerful wedding music is in sharp contrast with the picture of Xianglinsao's broken head and pain, which profoundly shows the tragedy of the old times. The counterpoint between sound and picture can sometimes predict the development of the plot. For example, in the feature film The Legend of Tianyunshan, when Wei Song and Wu Yao got married, the music that showed Wei Song's heavy and painful feelings was contrary to the festive scene, which showed her misfortune after marriage.

Parallel sound and image

Also known as "audio-visual parallelism". A relationship between sound and picture in movies. It means that the thoughts and feelings, characters, artistic styles and dramatic conflicts expressed by music and pictures in the film are very close, but the rhythm and rhythm are not synchronized. Its basic feature is that music repeats or strengthens the artistic conception, tendency or meaning of the picture. Descriptive music and rendering music belong to the parallel music of sound and picture.

Audio-visual synchronization

A relationship between sound and picture in movies. Refers to the consistency of artistic conception and rhythm between music and pictures. Often used in animated films. Walter Disney (190 1- 1966), an American art film director, made full use of the artistic technique of sound and picture synchronization in Mickey Mouse films. Therefore, music with synchronized sound and picture is also called "Mickey Mouse Music". It is also often used in operas, stage plays, opera films or comedy-style and adventure-style feature films. Sometimes it will form a three-step synchronization of picture, music and sound effects. For example, in China's movie Sun Yat-sen, the Northern Expeditionary Army went out for a run. At first, the picture and footsteps appeared simultaneously, and then the music appeared simultaneously. The combination of footsteps and the bass of music strengthens the bass of music, making it more majestic and tense.

Music (film)

Movies with the theme of music life or music accounting for a large proportion. Generally, stories of musicians, singers and musicians are described as objects. As an organic part of the main plot, the music in the musical film is directly expressed by the characters in the film, and most of them are non-explanatory. The earliest musical film in film history was King of Jazz, which was produced by Warner Film Company of America, 1927. China's film The Moon on the Sea is also a musical.

film studio

A building used by a film studio to shoot movies. It has a large area and space to set the scenery, arrange all kinds of lighting equipment, and shoot movies according to the scene, which is generally called "indoor photography". In addition to power supply, suspension, lifting, fire fighting, ventilation and other facilities, the shed must be isolated from external noise and have suitable sound conditions to adapt to the on-site recording and ensure the recording quality. In order to meet the needs of the season, heating and cooling air conditioning equipment can also be installed. The studios are mostly rectangular, with different areas, such as large, medium and small, and 800- 1000 square meters is appropriate. Generally, it takes the form of shed, that is, two or three buildings are connected together, and ancillary rooms are built around them for the use of the film crew and other relevant departments, thus forming a studio complex.

camera operator

One of the main creative members of the film crew. Responsible for using photographic equipment and modeling means to record the movie scenes on film artistically, and complete the task of screen modeling that reflects the director's creative design. In the film crew, photographers and lighting personnel generally form a photography team, and the photographer, as the person in charge of photography creation and technical processing, leads the work of the photography team. Some film crews have a chief photographer. Under his leadership, the photographer is responsible for the specific creative and technical work as an executive photographer. According to the different types of photos, they are divided into feature photographers, science and education photographers, news documentary photographers and art photographers. In addition, there are professional photographers engaged in trick photography and special photography (such as micrography, underwater photography, aerial photography, etc.). ) and subtitle photography.

flashback

A technique to express the inner activities of characters in movies. That is, a scene is suddenly inserted, and a short picture is used to show the psychological state and emotional ups and downs of the characters at this moment. Different from ordinary memories and flashbacks, flashbacks do not need to interrupt the movements and rhythms in the original scene, but capture the most distinctive and vivid movements or details, emphasize and express them in a very concise and vivid way, and give the audience a clear and profound impression. The content of "flashback" is generally the past and what has happened. For example, "pre-flashback" is used to express the imagination and premonition of characters about future or upcoming events, both of which are collectively called "flashback".

Western movies

A film set in the American West. Popular film style of early American films. Describe/kloc-the westward expansion of whites, the looting and killing of Indians and the struggles of various forces at that time in the 9th century, and praise the pioneering spirit. In the 1920s, the stories of western movies were monotonous, and what they preached was karma. The common content is the killing of beautiful women, the rescue of heroes, fighting and the marriage of lovers. The protagonists in the film are all cowboys with a sense of justice, wearing wide hats, flowered shirts and jeans, and wearing double guns at their waists. After the First World War, films such as Caravan directed by James Cruze (1884- 1942) and Over the Mountain directed by john ford (1895- 1973) came out, putting the concept of western movies into practice. But most westerns are still rough works that cater to the audience's tastes. Later, similar westerns were produced in Italy. Because Italians like macaroni strips, they are called noodle westerns.

comedy

A movie that inspires the audience with laughter. Laughter with different meanings is often used to lash all ugly and backward phenomena in society, praise the beautiful and progressive things in real life, and enlighten and educate the audience in relaxed and happy laughter. With ingenious structure, exaggerated techniques, relaxed and humorous plots and humorous language, we strive to portray the unique character of cartoon characters. There are many kinds of comedies, including eulogistic comedies and satirical comedies, such as Fake Phoenix, Fake Phoenix, I'm Leaving Today, and Taiwan Province provincial film Scarecrow.

Farce movie

A movie that makes people laugh with absurd exaggeration. Most of the plots are arranged with funny jokes, and more are about people's lives and their struggles with the enemy, such as the French film Escape from Danger.

dubbed film

Also known as "translated film". A film that translates the dialogue or explanation of the original film (mostly foreign films) from one language to another and dubs it again. When making, first translate the dialogue of the original film into another required language; Then, according to the thoughts and feelings of the characters in the original film, the voice actor recorded a dialogue vocal cord with forced tone and mouth shape; Then it is mixed with the music and sound effect vocal cords of the original film to form a complete translation vocal cord, which is used for printing and screening. A film that translates a domestic film from one national language (or dialect) into another national language (or dialect) is also called a translation film.

newsreel

Movies that report domestic and international political, economic, cultural and military current affairs. Its characteristics are authenticity and timeliness. In other words, it is necessary to interview and shoot at the scene of news events and directly record the original appearance of the events, but it is not allowed to make up the plot or appear as a character; It must be shot on the spot, edited and produced quickly, and truly become a visual news report. With the popularity of TV, newsreels are gradually replaced by TV news.

uninterrupted

Refers to a series of films with continuous content and multi-integration. Each episode of the drama is self-contained, relatively independent, interlocking, interrelated and echoing from beginning to end. Conflicts are often full of twists and turns, causing suspense. The main actors or important roles usually run through, so as to give the audience a complete and coherent impression. No matter how many episodes there are, the title of a series is the same, but each episode can also be named separately. The series of films can be divided into series of feature films (such as Burning Red Lotus Temple and A Dream of Red Mansions), series of art films (such as Black Cat of the Sheriff) and series of science and education films (such as Insect World). There are many other episodes, and the storyline and dramatic conflict of each episode have nothing to do with the previous episode, but only depend on the protagonist throughout the film. This kind of movies are also called series movies, such as the Japanese series The Story of Yinjiro and the American series 007.

Dance drama film

With the help of music and dance as the main means of expression, the film shapes the characters and expresses the story. Most of them are adapted from dance dramas, highlighting the artistic achievements of dance, and the main roles are generally played by professional dancers. Such as Romeo and Juliet starring Soviet dancer ulanova. There are also dance drama feature films that highlight dance scenes, such as The Red Scarf in Britain. China's dance dramas include Lotus Lantern, Knife Meeting, Silk Road Rain and so on.

Stage art documentary

Or "stage art film". Documentaries on stage performance art such as drama, music, dance, opera, ballet, drama, folk art and acrobatics. This kind of movies often record the artistic achievements of a drama, a genre, a play or a performing artist in a cinematic way on the basis of stage performances, so as to meet the appreciation needs of more audiences, or as teaching materials and research materials for performing arts teaching.

The whole scene

Capture the movie picture of the whole body or the whole scene of the character. Panorama has a relatively broad space, which can fully show the whole movements of the characters and their relationship. In the panorama, people and the environment are often integrated, which can create a vivid picture of people and scenery. Compared with close-up, panoramic view has a great difference in sight distance. If the two are directly combined, it will cause a great leap in vision and emotion, and often receive unique artistic effects.

site

An artificial scene. In order to pursue the realistic effect of the environment in film shooting, the natural environment or social environment is directly selected. Generally, different levels of processing and layout are needed to meet the needs of the plot. Real scenes make the scenes in the film full of life and sense of the times, which can not only save the production cost, but also help to speed up the production progress.

Feature Articles

A lens that takes a portrait of the face and a part of the subject. Created by early American film director David Walker Griffith (1875- 1948). A close-up shot is the shot with the closest sight distance in the movie screen. Because of its small viewing range and single picture content, the performance object can stand out from the surrounding environment, resulting in a clear visual image and emphasized effect. Close-ups can show the subtle emotional changes of the characters, reveal the instantaneous movements of the characters, and make the audience strongly infected visually and psychologically. The combination of close-up shots and other scenery shots can create a special montage rhythm effect through the change of lens length, distance and strength.

Push the lens

A shooting method in which the camera is placed on a moving car and pushed forward towards the object and the picture. When the lens moves forward, the subject gradually becomes larger in the picture, guiding the audience's attention to the part to be shown. Its function is to highlight the theme, describe the details, make the emphasized person or thing stand out in the whole environment, and strengthen its expressive force. Pushing the lens can constantly show the changing process of characters' movements, from body movements to facial expressions or action details, which is helpful to reveal the inner activities of characters.

Outdoor scene

The scene outside the studio. Including real scenes such as natural environment and living environment, as well as indoor scenery built outside the studio. Its advantages are truthfulness, naturalness and strong flavor of life, which is conducive to expressing local colors or national characteristics. The location is selected by the artist in advance according to the needs of the film plot, and the real scene can be processed according to the director's creative intention, so that it has typical characteristics and flavor of the times.