The stable stage of COPD refers to the stage when the patient's condition is relatively stable. The purpose of stable treatment is to stabilize the patient's condition and prevent acute attack. Whether the treatment is effective or not is directly related to the life expectancy and quality of life of patients. If 100 years old, the patient's condition is still stable in the current situation, it will be a very good effect and result, which shows that the treatment in the stable period is of great significance.

First, health education and disease awareness.

COPD is a disease that can be prevented and treated by airflow restriction. Airflow restriction is not completely reversible, but gradually develops, which is related to the abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to harmful gases or particles (such as cigarette smoke). COPD mainly involves the lungs, but it can also cause systemic (or extrapulmonary) adverse reactions.

Second, avoid environmental pollution.

Avoid all kinds of pathogenic factors, especially smoking, environmental pollution, colds and so on. , and avoid inhaling dust and irritating gases; Pay attention to keep warm, change the unhealthy lifestyle, and improve the living environment if possible.

Third, medication.

1. Bronchodilator: Compared with oral drugs, inhalation has fewer adverse reactions, so inhalation therapy is the first choice.

2. Glucocorticoid: This treatment can reduce the frequency of acute exacerbation and improve the quality of life. Combined inhalation of glucocorticoid and β _ 2 receptor agonist is better than single inhalation. Long-term oral glucocorticoid therapy is not recommended for COPD patients.

3. Other drugs: (1) expectorant (mucolytic agent) (2) antioxidant (3) immunomodulator (4) vaccine (5) Chinese medicine treatment.

Fourth, long-term family oxygen therapy.

Long-term home oxygen therapy is very important for people who lack oxygen. Lack of oxygen needs to be supplemented, and oxygen needs to be supplemented at any time. When the oxygen saturation is lower than 90%, long-term home oxygen therapy is needed, and when it is lower than 9 1-95%, long-term home oxygen therapy is best. Generally, long-term home oxygen therapy is to inhale oxygen through nasal catheter, with the flow rate of 1.0 ~ 2.0 L/min (according to doctor's advice). The duration of oxygen inhalation covers the period of hypoxia, and oxygen inhalation must be taken during sleep. Long-term family oxygen therapy should use oxygen therapy machine for oxygen therapy, not ordinary oxygen therapy machine.

Five, ventilator treatment

When CO2 retention and CO2 partial pressure are high, or respiratory support is needed to improve respiratory distress and reduce heart load, or sleep apnea syndrome (snoring) exists, a noninvasive ventilator with two-stage standby frequency can be used to reduce CO2 partial pressure. If there is only sleep apnea syndrome (snoring), oxygen inhalation alone can not improve the problem of hypoxia during sleep. In this case, a single-stage ventilator can be used to solve the problem of breath-holding hypoxia, so as to control and stabilize the disease.

Seven. rehabilitation

Rehabilitation therapy can improve the activity ability and quality of life of patients with progressive airflow limitation, severe dyspnea and low activity, and is an important treatment measure for COPD patients. It includes respiratory physiotherapy, muscle training, nutritional support, psychotherapy and education. In the aspect of respiratory physiological treatment, it includes helping patients cough hard and exhale, and promoting secretion clearance; Let the patient relax, breathe with contracted lips and avoid rapid surface breathing to help overcome acute dyspnea. In muscle training, there are systemic exercise and respiratory muscle exercise. The former includes walking, climbing stairs and pedaling, while the latter includes abdominal breathing. In terms of nutritional support, it should be required to achieve an ideal weight; At the same time, avoid too high carbohydrate diet and too high calorie intake, so as not to produce too much carbon dioxide.

Eight, regular hospital examination