The left-wing cultural movement emerged in the world communist ideological trend and revolutionary literature movement. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the proletarian left-wing cultural movement developed to varying degrees in the Soviet Union, Japan, the United States, Germany, France and other countries. 1927 After the failure of the Great Revolution, a group of cultural workers influenced by the Party broke through the high pressure of the reactionary politics of the Kuomintang and launched heroic battles in the ideological and cultural positions of the newly opened revolution.
1In June, 929, the Second Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee put forward the Resolution on Propaganda Work. According to the spirit of this resolution, the Central Cultural Work Committee was established in June 5438+00, directly under the leadership of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China. 1930 On March 2nd, the Chinese Left-wing Writers' Union (referred to as the Left-wing Writers' Union) was formally established in Shanghai after the Party's suggestion and planning. About 50 members from creative society, sun society, engine society, art and drama society and other progressive literary and art societies attended the meeting. At the meeting, it was made clear that the significance of the establishment of the Left-wing Writers' League lies in "leading and developing the proletarian literature movement in China purposefully and in a planned way, stepping up ideological struggle, and striving for the masses to move towards the camp of proletarian struggle through literature and art" (Pan Hannian: The Significance and Task of the Vanguard League of Left-wing Writers 1 Vol.3). Left-wing writers are faced with four tasks: the propaganda and struggle of correct Marxist literary theory; Establish the guiding position of China's proletarian literature movement theory; Develop popular theory and practice, and speed up the creation of popular works; The necessity of self-criticism. At the inaugural meeting of the Left-wing Writers' Union, it also approved the establishment of Marxist literature and art research society, international cultural research society, literature and art popularization research society and other institutions, and established government publications. The Left-wing Writers Association has a leading group in communist party, with Pan Hannian as its secretary. The Left League is one of the branches of the International League of Revolutionary Writers, and its permanent representative is Xiao San.
Following the League of Left-wing Writers, the League of China Left-wing Dramatists, the League of China Left-wing Artists, the League of China Left-wing Social Scientists and the League of China Left-wing Esperanto have been established in literary and art circles. Most of these left-wing cultural groups have established party groups. In order to unite the progressive cultural forces under the unified leadership of the Party, the China General League of Left-wing Cultural Circles (hereinafter referred to as Wen Zong) was established in June 1930.
After the establishment of the Left League, its scope of activities continued to expand. In addition to its Shanghai headquarters, it has set up branches or groups in Peiping, Tianjin, Baoding, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Wuhan and Tokyo. Qingdao has also established a left-wing organization. 1in the spring of 932, Elvis Presley and Yu Qiwei, underground members of the Communist Party of China studying in the Department of Foreign Languages and Physics of Qingdao University, under the leadership of the Qingdao Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, organized some progressive students, secretly set up literary groups such as New Literature Research Association, Current Affairs Research Association and Reading Club, and mobilized and organized the masses. The New Literature Research Association is a leftist organization in Qingdao. Members include Wang Mi, Yu Qiwei and Li Lin. Wang Mi is in charge. In the summer of the same year, Elvis Presley was wanted by the Kuomintang Qingdao authorities for leading the student movement, and Yu Qiwei was in charge of this work.
On June+10 in the same year, Qiao Tianhua, party member of the Communist Party of China, came to Qingdao from Yantai to get in touch with the Qingdao Party Organization. Later, under the cover of being a teacher of Chongde Middle School (now the 11th Middle School in Qingdao), he engaged in revolutionary activities, served as a youth member of Qingdao Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, a representative of Qingdao Zuolian, and jointly led the work of Qingdao Zuolian with Yu Qiwei, a propaganda member of Qingdao Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China. And Qiao Tianhua also developed Wang Tao, Du Yu, Jiang Hong, Yu, Wang, Chen Maiqian and Guo Xiying to join the Green Left Alliance.
Qingdao Left Alliance regularly studies Marxist-Leninist classics, exchanges experiences, publishes works in People's Daily, Morning Post, Time and other newspapers, and actively engages in literary creation. At the beginning of 1933, Qingdao organized a progressive literature society-Shaozi Literature Society, with members including Guo Xiying, Peng, Yu and Jiang Tianduo. Under the leadership of Qiao Tianhua. Whistle Literature Society not only secretly publishes progressive publications, but also publicly publishes the monthly Literary Whistle. After the publication of Whistle, it was widely circulated among workers and students. Half a year later, the activities of the Shaozi Literature Society caused panic among the Qingdao authorities of the Kuomintang. Jiang Hong was arrested, Yu Yu was wanted, The Whistle was forced to stop publishing, and the Whistle Literature Society also stopped its activities.
Under the leadership of the Party, Qingdao Leftist League actively participated in political activities at that time. At that time, the main activities of Qingdao Left Alliance were a desert island bookstore on Longkou Road and a German church compound on Jiangsu Road. 1933 In July, Progressive Youth Sun (1934 joined the Party) and Zhang Zhizhong (1934 joined the Party) opened a desert island bookstore at the southern end of Longkou Road, specializing in new literature books and periodicals, and at the same time served as the secret contact point of Qingdao Left Alliance Group. Because it is close to Shandong University and the municipal girls' middle school, it attracts a group of teachers and students. At that time, Lao She, Hong Shen and Zhao Shaohou, who taught at Shanda University, Wang Jingzhi, who taught at the Municipal Middle School (now Qingdao No.1 Middle School), Wang Yaping, who was the principal of Huangtai Road Primary School, Jun Xiao, who was the editor of Qingdao Morning News, and, who was the editor of Qingdao People's Daily, often went to the desert island bookstore to read books. The activities of Desert Island Bookstore continued until War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out.
Youth Federation and Guang Hai Literature and Art Society. Members include Le Yuhong, Ji and Lu Futian. Guang Hai Literature Society and Whistle Literature Society were established at the same time. Guang Hai Literature and Art Supplement was opened in Qingdao Times to carry out revolutionary literature and art activities.
Qingdao has also established a troupe organization. In April, Elvis Presley and Yu Qiwei organized Tsinghua University faculty to set up the Seagull Drama Club. Wang Dongsheng, Zhang Fuhua, Li Yunhe (Jiang Qing) and others joined the drama club and played leading roles. After the establishment of Seagull Drama Club, with the consent of the Party branch, it made a report to the China Left-wing Dramatists Union, which was approved by the Drama Association as the Qingdao Troupe. On May 28th, Seagull Drama Club performed "The Moon Rises" and "Workshop Night Scene" (one-act drama) for the first time in the Youth Auditorium. The Moon Rises is the work of an Irish playwright in England. It tells the story of a national revolutionary and is full of patriotism. Jerry Liau's Night Scene of the Workshop reflects the life and struggle of the exploited industrial workers in Shanghai. In the performance that night, "there were more than a thousand people entering and leaving the school gate, which was an unprecedented event" and "won unanimous praise from the audience". These two plays, which were performed after the September 18th Incident, have strong practical educational significance and are deeply encouraged by young college students. On June 30th, Literary News, the official publication of Shanghai Left-wing Writers' Union, published "Seagull Forecasting Storm", reported the performance activities of Seagull Drama Club, and warmly praised the success of the performance.
1932 In September, after the National Qingdao University was renamed as the National Shandong University, Yu Qiwei, an underground party member, returned to school in the autumn under the cover of social relations and served as the secretary of the Party branch of Shanda University, with Du Jiandi, Yang Yukun, Li and others as the backbones, and restored the Seagull Drama Club. And extended the performance to the society, successively performed Consistency and Seven Women in The Tempest in the Mountain Auditorium, and performed repertoires such as Bell, SOS and Baby Killing on the Qingdao Grand Stage. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/932, Cui Wei received a stage play "Put Down Your Whip" by Chen Liting in Shanghai, adapted it into a street square play "Hunger Line", and personally participated in the performance. Seagull Drama Club also went deep into the rural areas of Laoshan and performed dramas for farmers in local dialects. At the same time, drawing lessons from the experience of the workers' troupe of Shanghai Drama Association, he went deep into the workers' dormitory to perform drama, which was well received by the working class. /kloc-in the summer of 0/933, Yu Qiwei was arrested and imprisoned for betraying a traitor, Cui Wei and others took refuge and ran away, and the Seagull Drama Club stopped its activities.
On September 24th, 1933, the Qingdao Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China reported to the Central Committee: "In terms of mass organizations, in addition to anti-imperialist organizations, other red trade unions, poor groups, unemployed trade unions, writers' associations, reading clubs, social science research societies and esperanto societies have been established one after another ... Writers' associations have more than 20 members. There are also some reading clubs, social science research associations, and esperanto societies. "
65438+ In February of the same year, the Shandong Provincial Working Committee of the Communist Party of China began to restore the Qingdao Party organization, and at the same time established mass organizations such as student reading clubs and literary clubs, which were the guiding organs of the Left League. On 2 1 day, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China received a work report from Qingdao, Shandong province, which said: "... Recently, the Left League has strengthened its organizational construction and set up three groups, including three female students, four freelancers and four applicants. These are pure people. Without party member, they are active and have a smooth development prospect. "
At the end of the same year, the Provincial Working Committee was destroyed, and the work of the Left League was affected. However, due to the fact that most of the members of the Leftist League are the masses, the activities of the Leftist League continued until 1934.
1June, 934, the Preparatory Committee of Qingdao Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was established, with Gao Song as the Standing Committee. On the 28th, Gao Song reported to the Central Committee: "... we decided to supervise and train this group of intellectuals at the same time, and decided to allow their request to organize left-wing writers and prepare to publish a literary publication."
In September of the same year, the Qingdao Municipal Committee was destroyed again, and the left-wing cultural movement in Qingdao was greatly affected, but the left-wing alliance still had activities until the National Left-wing Alliance 1936 stopped working.
In addition to the left-wing alliance and drama alliance, Qingdao also has left-wing cultural organizations such as Qingdao Branch of Chinese Poetry Society, Esperanto Society and Social Science Research Association. In addition, some members of the National Left Alliance also went to Qingdao to carry out left-wing cultural activities, either staying for a short time or working for a long time, such as Meng Chao, Hong Shen, Ai Wu, Chen Huangmei, Yu Dafu, Wang Yuqi, Duanmu Hongliang, Wang Yaping, Pu Feng, Liu, Ding Ling, Hu Yepin and Zang. Among them, Ding Ling and Hu Yepin only stayed in Qingdao for a short time. Due to confidentiality, there is no organizational relationship between the members of the All-China Left Federation and the Qingdao Local Left Federation, but they work separately.
In the process of carrying out activities, Qingdao Left Alliance United a group of famous writers and scholars at that time, such as Wang Tongzhao and Lao She, and made great contributions to promoting the left-wing cultural movement in Qingdao.
In 1930s, Qingdao left-wing cultural movement made outstanding achievements, occupying a glorious page in the history of Qingdao revolution, becoming an important part of China left-wing culture, and making indelible contributions to the cause of Qingdao Party and the development of revolutionary literature and art. ..