Dear friends, as the owner, we should always collect all kinds of progress data and quantities reported by the construction unit, but the data often reported by the construction unit is not timely and accurate.
How can we ensure the authenticity and validity of statistical data? Please give me some advice.
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Wise and wise
The on-site project team or engineering department should strengthen the management of the contractor's weekly report, and require the contractor to submit weekly reports (statistics of key processes, such as dyne and pressure test package), including: project image (design, procurement, construction and commissioning), physical quantity, machines and tools, labor input, progress percentage, quality indicators, HSE implementation, existing problems, work plan for next week, etc.
The monthly report can be checked against the weekly report, which can at least reduce the problem of untimely and inaccurate data reported by the contractor, ensure the authenticity and validity of statistical data, and take corrective measures in time when false or distorted conditions are found.
If the data of most contractors are true and effective, then the statistical model of the project tends to be true and effective.
It may not be easy for a contractor to make a daily report (unless it is a strict contractor), and most of them can't do it. But the weekly report is necessary, otherwise it is not easy to control the progress and quality, and the construction party is willing to accept it, except for key quality control points.
Let me talk about the statistical model of our unit:
In the early stage of construction, a relatively perfect whole project progress measurement system is established, which is generally sorted according to the construction process, and physical quantities and measurement weights are loaded. It is possible to update the data every day for regular construction. This workload is not very big, the key is that the measurement system should be rigorous and constantly updated and improved according to the construction practice. The measurement system can also be used as the basis for applying for progress payment. Of course, intermittent inspection is necessary to test the accuracy of the data in the daily report of the construction contractor. I don't usually let them report here every week. All the data are clear at a glance.
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How to ensure the authenticity and accuracy of monitoring data?
20 14/5/ 12 10:00: 13
Author: Xu Shilaiyuan
At present, the falsification of monitoring data is mainly to modify the working parameters of equipment or destroy the sampling system. Looking at Qingdao Environmental Air Automatic Monitoring Station to Realize City-wide Networking Management
"Up to now, Qingdao has set up 23 automatic monitoring stations for ambient air to continuously monitor the main pollutants in the atmospheric environment, judge whether the air quality meets the air quality standards formulated by the state, and realize the whole process monitoring of air quality." The relevant person in charge of Qingdao Environmental Monitoring Center Station in Shandong Province said this.
In recent years, automatic ambient air monitoring stations have been established in various places, and the air quality monitoring ability has been greatly improved. At the same time, the automatic monitoring of ambient air also faces many problems, such as various monitoring equipment, uneven skills of monitoring personnel, and irregular data quality control in the process of automatic monitoring of air quality. At present, ensuring the representativeness, accuracy, precision, comparability and integrity of the monitoring data has become a key task for the ambient air automatic monitoring station.
So, how does Qingdao build an automatic monitoring station for ambient air? How to ensure the accuracy of monitoring data?
Standardizing layout to ensure the representativeness of monitoring data
Although there were 13 ambient air monitoring stations in Qingdao before last year, with the prominent environmental problems, these ambient air monitoring stations have been far from meeting the requirements of air monitoring. In June last year, 5438+065438+ 10, Qingdao Environmental Protection Bureau brought the automatic air monitoring stations in Huangdao District, jimo city, jiaozhou city, pingdu city and Laixi into the city's networked management in accordance with the requirements of "receiving the first level" of environmental air quality management of Shandong Provincial Environmental Protection Department, and implemented unified socialized operation. Since then, the city has set up 23 automatic ambient air monitoring stations, and equipped each automatic ambient air monitoring station with corresponding instruments and equipment according to the requirements of the new air quality standards.
Then, on the basis that the automatic ambient air monitoring station has been basically improved, how can Qingdao Environmental Monitoring Center Station ensure that the setting of these points is representative?
In order to better reflect the city's air quality situation and make the selection of ambient air automatic monitoring stations representative, Qingdao issued a series of documents, such as "Real-time Plan for Unified Operation of Municipal Air Monitoring Stations" and "Technical Specification for Layout of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations", which strictly standardized and managed the setting, adjustment and daily operation management and maintenance of monitoring stations.
Qingdao Environmental Monitoring Center Station is responsible for organizing a comprehensive investigation on the setting of automatic air monitoring points in the whole city, making technical evaluation of existing automatic air monitoring points in accordance with relevant national technical specifications, and putting forward rectification opinions and suggestions for those that do not meet the requirements.
Purchase third-party services to ensure the accuracy of monitoring data.
"We used to maintain and operate the environmental air quality monitoring station by ourselves," said the technician of Qingdao Environmental Monitoring Center Station. "With the increasing amount of environmental protection tasks, the monitoring tasks and statistical analysis of data are heavy, and it is a little difficult to maintain and operate the environmental air quality monitoring station."
How does Qingdao Environmental Protection Bureau solve this contradiction?
"In this situation, gradually cultivate socialized operating institutions, and the government will purchase services and hire socialized professional operating companies to operate, greatly alleviating the contradiction between the shortage of personnel and the increasing workload year by year. Existing environmental monitoring personnel can put more energy into data analysis and research. " The relevant person in charge of Qingdao Environmental Monitoring Center Station said.
As early as the end of 20 12, according to the requirements of Shandong provincial environmental protection department, Qingdao ambient air monitoring station realized the quality management mechanism of "transfer-operation" mode, that is, the monitoring equipment was transferred with compensation, operated and maintained by a professional team, and the accuracy of the equipment was compared by a professional organization (that is, the operating unit used portable air equipment such as mobile monitoring vehicles to synchronously compare and monitor the ambient air quality monitoring stations distributed in various places). The environmental protection department evaluates the data quality, and the government directly purchases qualified data. This model brings data quality to market. According to the law of survival of the fittest in the market, operators who are competitive and can provide reliable, accurate and true data are qualified to operate environmental air monitoring stations.
So which companies are qualified to do operation management? Each operating company must complete the construction of the quality assurance laboratory and system support laboratory for automatic monitoring of ambient air in accordance with the Technical Specification for Automatic Monitoring of Ambient Air Quality issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Technical Specification for the Quality Management System of the Transformation Operation Mode of Environmental Air Quality Monitoring in Shandong Province issued by the Environmental Protection Department of Shandong Province. Through the acceptance organized by Shandong Environmental Information and Monitoring Center, the operation management can be carried out only after obtaining CMA certificate.
In addition to the strategic change, Qingdao Environmental Monitoring Center Station has also strengthened the system construction. The environmental monitoring center station has formulated the Detailed Rules for the Assessment of Air Automatic Monitoring Operation Management (hereinafter referred to as the Detailed Rules for Assessment), which refines the supervision and management of the operation company. For example, it is stipulated that environmental monitoring stations should strengthen patrol inspection and on-site comparison monitoring, and strictly manage and assess operating units. If the work quality of the operating unit fails to meet the requirements, it will be deducted according to the assessment rules, and the relevant district and municipal environmental protection bureaus will be notified to deduct the corresponding operating expenses of the operating unit, and the district and municipal environmental protection bureaus will be required to assist the municipal environmental monitoring.
The assessment rules also put forward requirements for operating units, and should establish and improve systems and regulations for equipment calibration, maintenance, fault maintenance, daily inspection, etc. to ensure the stable operation of air automatic monitoring equipment and accurate and effective monitoring data.
It is understood that since the implementation of the assessment rules, the units involved in the operation of Qingdao Environmental Air Quality Automatic Monitoring Station have done a good job in operation and maintenance in strict accordance with the specifications and requirements, ensuring the accuracy of air automatic monitoring data.
Eliminate human interference and ensure the authenticity of monitoring data.
At present, data distortion is mainly caused by human beings. Shi Jinghua, deputy director of the Pollution Source Monitoring Office of Shandong Environmental Information Monitoring Center, said that there are two main ways to tamper with data by interfering with the normal operation of automatic monitoring equipment. One is to falsify data by modifying the working parameters of equipment and other software means. "For example, the actually monitored emission concentration is 1 1,000 mg per cubic meter, and a coefficient of 0. 1 is added to the software calculation, and the result is 1 mg per cubic meter. Another kind of fraud is by destroying the sampling system and other hardware means, "for example, connecting a dilution device to the equipment sampling tube privately".
So, how does Qingdao Environmental Protection Bureau avoid man-made interference with equipment? In order to better meet the current needs of air pollution prevention and control, further improve the quality of monitoring data, and strengthen the assessment of ambient air quality in various districts and cities, Qingdao Environmental Protection Bureau issued the Notice on Strengthening the Operation and Management of Ambient Air Automatic Monitoring Stations at the end of February, strictly requiring the environmental protection bureaus of all districts and cities not to artificially interfere with the normal operation of air automatic monitoring equipment in any way. Without the consent of the municipal environmental monitoring center station, it is not allowed to enter the computer room of the automatic air monitoring station without authorization, and it is not allowed to adjust or require the operating unit to adjust the monitoring equipment parameters in violation of regulations. At the same time, the operation unit is required to strengthen the education, training, supervision and management of operators, to ensure that they work in strict accordance with the air automatic monitoring operation management system and process, to prevent fraud, and to ensure that the monitoring data is objective, true and fair.
The municipal environmental monitoring center station is the supervisor and manager of the whole process. In the whole process, the environmental monitoring center station adopts remote video monitoring, flight inspection and organization of cross-inspection in different places to control the quality of air automatic monitoring in various districts and cities to ensure the quality of monitoring data. Once violations that interfere with the normal operation of automatic monitoring equipment are found, the relevant monitoring data will not be confirmed, and points will be deducted in the assessment, and the relevant responsible persons will be informed criticism and held accountable. If fraud is found in the work of the operating unit, the operating contract will be terminated directly.
The relevant person in charge of Qingdao Environmental Monitoring Center Station said: "From the recent operation situation, the operation and management of 23 automatic monitoring stations for ambient air quality in the city are still good. With strict norms and assessment requirements, the relationship between environmental protection departments and operating companies has been further rationalized. "
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How to ensure the authenticity of test data
Improving the quality and efficiency of normal classroom can not be separated from "data", and a string of data is better than a dozen programs. Peter drucker said: "It is a very important undertaking to skillfully use statistical methods to interpret complex data and find out the hidden laws and secret arts behind the data." Just like a sentence: "If you have data in your heart, you can strategize and win thousands of miles;" There are countless evidences in my heart, which must be thousands of miles away. "Speaking with data is the premise and foundation for educators to make correct decisions. Speaking with data is the premise and foundation for educators to improve teaching methods and change teaching concepts. Speaking with data is the fundamental guarantee for educators to standardize their own teaching behavior and improve the quality and efficiency of education and teaching. Accurate classroom management can not be separated from the support of real data. It is not easy to obtain accurate data, and it is fundamental to obtain accurate data paths and capabilities. On the one hand, improve the ability to collect data and describe statistics. It can quickly classify a large amount of collected data and express it in the form of tables or graphs. Through calculation, we can master the characteristic data such as "concentration, difference and correlation coefficient" of the obtained data, and describe the typicality, fluctuation, correlation and immanence of various factors affecting the quality and efficiency of education and teaching. On the other hand, improve statistical inference ability. Use data for statistical test, statistical analysis and nonparametric statistics to make scientific decisions.
First, test the authenticity of the field equipment.
The testing site and equipment must meet the national standards for testing specific projects, otherwise, there will be errors in the tested data, which will lead to the distortion of the reported data. For example, the 50-meter test project for boys and girls in junior high schools needs to provide accurate conditions such as the number, width and length of runways that meet the national venue standardization. Never organize a student test to artificially shorten the 50-meter running distance, or let students stand a few meters before the 50-meter starting line to organize a student test and other fraudulent acts. This not only deceives the country, parents and children, but also deceives their professional sentiments, completely tarnishing the title of teachers.
Second, the authenticity of the subject identity information.
The authenticity of the identity of the test object also determines the authenticity of the sampling results. The most scientific thing is to take a grade as a sampling sample, randomly select students from one or two classes on the spot as the sampling objects to make unified arrangements, arrange the examination order, randomly select examination items, randomly select examiners, then conduct on-site examinations and announce the examination results on the spot. Never artificially select the elite students of this grade to take the exam, or let the students of a higher level take the exam as impostors. This kind of fraud can't solve the fact that the majority of young students' physique is declining, and it can't cover up the dereliction of duty of leaders of educational management institutions at all levels. What's more sad is that our fake behavior has ruined students and groups of innocent students, which has made the quality of citizens from generation to generation lower and lower, and finally ruined the country and defeated the country.
Third, try to organize the authenticity of personnel.
If all kinds of educational management institutions at all levels * * * hold the idea of responding to the national spot check with hypocrisy, it implies that the department responsible for the spot check of this unit * * * will carry out it with news below, and there is no doubt that it will be so perfunctory from top to bottom. Of course, the test subjects and testers are half-true and half-false, and the test data obtained naturally meet the national standards.
Fourth, the authenticity of the trial process.
If the test process is real, you will get the real test results. If the detection process of the solid ball is true, it is necessary to ensure that the weight of the solid ball meets the standard, the detection site meets the standard, the measurement method of the detector should be standardized, and the detector should have the evaluation standard for the sampled students, so that the detection data can be true and credible. Sit-ups count people and judge whether the standards for students to test technical movements should be unified; 1000 meters and 800 meters should be run in real time, and other test items including pull-ups and standing long jumps should be standardized, strict and carefully operated to ensure the authenticity of test item data from the source.
Fifth, test the authenticity of data collection.
American psychologists and educators have observed the development results of students (50%) who are also in the middle level of development when they meet teachers of different levels, and come to the following conclusion: if they meet excellent teachers, they can achieve Excellence (90% on average), and if they meet mediocre teachers, they will drop to worse (37% on average). Get the above information, that is, the data is "real" and the best presentation. Only when each test process is true can the collected data be guaranteed to be reliable, otherwise it can only deceive the upper and lower.
Sixth, the authenticity of the data report.
As the lowest level of the school, we should truthfully report the data of students' physical fitness test results to the national physical health network platform without distortion, and we must never artificially modify and change it ourselves. If you and I really care so much, then we should be down-to-earth, down-to-earth, truly do a good job of physical education class every day and every section, and be conscientious and responsible. I believe that with the passage of time, you and every student I teach will be able to harvest both sports skills and physical fitness. At the same time, our professional ethics will certainly win the affirmation of students and parents.