In winter and spring, it is a management measure to rectify and clean the orchard. The purpose is to reduce the potential basis of pests and diseases and improve the physical and chemical properties of orchard soil. Most pathogenic spores, pests, eggs and pupae of fruit trees stay under dead branches, fallen leaves, fallen fruits, persimmon stems, galls, bark cracks, scars, wounds, terraced weirs or stones for the winter. Especially the rotten branches of apples, ring rotten fruits, branches and leaves of pear scab, etc. Is the main media in the coming year and should be removed in time. The wooden poles used to hang branches should be disinfected first, and then moved to the open space for storage, which is an important link in integrated pest control and has good practical benefits.

If the branches of an old tree crack, they should be scraped off (see scraping bark). Straw ropes and straws used to trap and kill pests and hang branches are collected and burned at the same time. In mountain orchards, stones and weeds should be cleaned up first, then terraces should be renovated, ditches should be cleaned, gullies eroded by rain should be filled up, and then deep ploughing or loosening soil should be carried out.

In the orchard, or near the fruit yard and fruit drying yard, it is also necessary to remove the sundries in the field and spray pesticides in the field to kill insects.

Deciduous fruit trees in the north are generally cleaned during the dormant period from defoliation to germination; Evergreen fruit trees in the south should be harvested. In addition, it can be assisted after the rainy season.

Autumn beat

See the vegetative branches.

Qu Zezhou (19 14 ~ 1988) is a fruit scientist and agricultural educator in China. 19 14 was born in Shenyang, Liaoning province in April. 1935 graduated from the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Peking University. In the same year, he studied at the Graduate School of Agriculture of Imperial University in Tokyo, Japan, and returned to China on 1938. He has served as an associate professor, professor and dean of the Department of Agriculture of Peking University and Northeastern University. After 1949, he served as the director, deputy dean and vice president of horticulture department of Hebei Agricultural College (changed from 1958 to Hebei Agricultural University); Later, he served as the vice president of Beijing Agricultural College. 1979 10 to 1 10 visited Akita and Nagano as the consultant of the investigation team of the Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC), and introduced excellent Fuji apple varieties.

Qu Zezhou taught "fruit tree cultivation" and "fruit tree research methods" during the teaching period to train graduate students in jujube cultivation physiology. It has trained a group of professionals for fruit production and scientific research in China. He once edited the textbook "Fruit Tree Cultivation" of China Agricultural College and participated in the compilation of "china fruit Cultivation"; He presided over the compilation of China Jujube Records, Jujube Tree High-yield Forest Standards and Hebei Dried Fruit Records. Organized and compiled Fruit Tree Ecology, Apple Cultivation, Kiwifruit Cultivation and Processing, Potted Fruit Trees, Chinese-English Fruit Tree Dictionary, etc. His translations include Apple Studies, Fruit Tree Environment Theory, Fruit Tree Nutrition Physiology, Fruit Tree Cultivation Physiology and Technology, Japanese-Chinese Horticultural Vocabulary and Modern Fruit Tree Science. He presided over the research project of China jujube and published more than 30 papers, covering the origin, flower bud differentiation, biological characteristics, cytology, pollen, enzymology, nutrition physiology, water physiology, cyclic nucleotides and so on.

Circular branch

Tree management measures to reduce the growth potential of branches. Mainly used for drupe. Before the spring shoots germinate or stop growing, the annual new shoots or branches with luxuriant branches outside the main branches are stretched to a horizontal state and rolled into a horizontal circle (see figure), so as to weaken the advantages of the top of branches, promote the germination of their lower buds, increase the number of short and medium branches, stop the vegetative growth in spring in time, accumulate photosynthetic products in advance, and create conditions for early flowering and early fruiting. Young trees such as apples and hawthorn grow vigorously, with few branches and many long branches, which are not easy to blossom and bear fruit. These long branches not only remain as backbone branches, but also reduce branches if they are cut off, which is not conducive to the accumulation of photosynthetic products, and will also induce more vigorous growth and delay the year of flowering and fruiting. Winding branches is one of the ways to make use of such long branches. The circled branches should be rolled into a horizontal shape, or slightly inclined downward from the base of the branches, so as to prevent the branches from arching and hindering the operation. Promote the balanced distribution of endogenous hormones in branches to all buds, so that the buds in the middle and lower parts of branches germinate into short and medium branches. At the same time, the branches at the top of the branches can also be transformed into moderate growth. The principle of circular branching is that it does not hinder the growth of extended branches at the top of main branches. After the long branches in each part are circled, when the growth potential is stable or flowers and fruits are formed, the pruning should be carried out in time according to the main points of the cultivated fruiting branches and the space size of the parts where they are located, so as to cultivate stable fruiting branches.