The "Accelerated Literacy Method" was created in 195 1 by Qi Jianhua, a cultural teacher of a certain unit of the Southwest Military Region of the People's Liberation Army.
Qi Jianhua carefully selected 1200 commonly used words and used phonetic symbols as a literacy aid. This is a method to improve literacy speed by using the auxiliary function of pinyin letters and the different characteristics of Chinese characters in form, meaning and sound.
This method is exactly what Mao Zedong has been paying attention to. As early as August 25th, 1949, Wu Shangshu, president of North China University and a staunch advocate of China's character reform, proposed that in order to effectively eliminate illiteracy, the character reform must be carried out quickly.
Mao Zedong attached great importance to Wu's proposal. Mao Zedong immediately forwarded this letter to Guo Moruo, Mao Dun and others for study.
Under the care of Mao Zedong, China Character Reform Association was established in June 1949+00, and one of its tasks was to study the scheme of Chinese Pinyin.
This literacy method created by Qi Jianhua has enabled the amateur education of workers and peasants to make rapid progress in a short period of time and on a large scale.
Qi Jianhua explored a set of simple and quick teaching methods when teaching PLA soldiers to learn culture, which can be roughly divided into:
First, learn phonetic symbols and pinyin, and use phonetic symbols as auxiliary tools.
Second, a large number of new words are made by surprise, so that they can read and speak initially.
The third is to teach and learn literacy textbooks, and at the same time carry out certain reading, writing and sentence-making training to consolidate the words you know.
195 1 year, the southwest military region tried Qi Jianhua's "accelerated literacy method" among cadres and soldiers. Generally, in 1500 days, he can read more than 1500 military primary school textbooks and write a short draft of 200 to 250 words.
A field army adopted this method, and at the end of March 1952, the illiteracy of the whole army was completely eliminated. Then, experimental classes were quickly established all over the country.
On April 23rd, 1952, the the State Council Municipal Commission of Culture and Education held an award ceremony to reward the inventor Qi Jianhua for his outstanding contribution.
On April 30, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions issued a notice instructing trade unions at all levels to carry out the key pilot work of the "Accelerated Literacy Law" and promote the Accelerated Literacy Law in the education of workers and peasants.
The "accelerated literacy method" meets the requirements of universal literacy and short-term effectiveness, and is a successful experience explored in the amateur education of workers and peasants.
1952 15 On May 5, the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Carrying out the Teaching Experiment of "Accelerated Literacy Method", pointing out that:
Using the "accelerated literacy method" will greatly shorten the literacy process.
It is an urgent task to popularize the accelerated literacy method among the broad masses of workers and peasants nationwide and eliminate illiteracy in a planned and step-by-step manner.
Since then, the literacy campaign has been rapidly carried out throughout the country.
On May 20th, the Northeast Administrative Region held a working conference on the implementation of the Accelerated Literacy Law in the three northeastern provinces, which made further arrangements for the implementation of the Accelerated Literacy Law and the launching of the literacy campaign.
On May 2 1, the Ministry of Education designated Hebei Province as the experimental area of "Accelerated Literacy Method".
In May and June of the same year, the Ministry of Education issued a series of notices to introduce the implementation of the Law on Accelerated Literacy in Shanxi, Northeast China and Tianjin.
On June 5th, the Ministry of Education published a list of commonly used Chinese characters.
From June 9th to16th, a conference on workers and peasants education was held in the northwest, and it was decided to implement the "Quick Literacy Method" in the whole region.
In July, the Southwest Military Region published a Teaching Speech on Accelerating Literacy in People's Warrior, which was reprinted by People's Daily.
In this way, in August, the popularization of the "accelerated literacy method" formed a nationwide craze.
After four months of hard work, the activity of promoting "accelerated literacy method" among workers has achieved remarkable results in factories and mines all over the country. According to incomplete statistics in Northeast China, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Chongqing, Shandong, Shanxi, Chahar and Shijiazhuang, there are 4,368 experimental classes for workers, with 25? Over 80,000 people.
Among them, a large number of people have been able to read popular books and write simple articles after classroom study.
1953 workers and peasants who participated in the study, including nearly 7 million people who participated in the "accelerated literacy method".
1952165438+1On October 5th, the Central People's Government Committee adopted a resolution at its19th meeting, and established the Central Literacy Committee, appointing Chu Tunan as its chairman and Chang Li, Lin Handa and Qi Jianhua as its vice-chairmen.
The Committee for the Eradication of Illiteracy has an office, an urban literacy department, a rural literacy department and an editorial department.
By1954,65438+300,000 laborers, 8.5 million rural people and 360,000 urban workers have become literate.
Mass literacy has basically eliminated illiteracy among factory workers in some big cities.
In rural areas, there have also been some "cultural villages", and the mental outlook of farmers has changed since they eliminated illiteracy. In some rural areas, cultural and entertainment organizations such as libraries and amateur drama clubs have been established to enrich farmers' amateur life.
The "accelerated literacy method" also provides useful experience for using pinyin to accelerate literacy in adult education and primary school teaching in the future.
However, there are also some problems in the implementation of the Law on Accelerated Literacy, such as taking a surprise attack method, overemphasizing the role of "accelerated literacy", mechanically applying formulas in methods, and demanding too much subjectively.
1September, 952, the National Symposium on Eliminating Illiteracy put forward that we should prevent and overcome the bias of being too hasty.
After the spring of 1953, the policy of "resolutely shrinking" was adopted in literacy work.
"Opening the door to workers and peasants", vigorously developing workers and peasants' education, providing opportunities for workers and peasants cadres, workers and peasants' youth and their children in terms of principles and policies, opening various night classes for the broader working masses of workers and peasants, and launching literacy campaigns all constitute important aspects of education in the new China, which is an unprecedented cultural construction in the history of China.