Humble Administrator's Garden is one of the "Four Famous Gardens" in China. 196 1 In the list of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units released by the State Council on March 4th, there are four gardens: Humble Administrator's Garden, Summer Palace, Summer Resort and Lingering Garden. Two of them are located in the north, which are representative works of China Royal Garden; Two buildings in Suzhou are representative works of private gardens in China.
There are two main reasons why Humble Administrator's Garden has such a high reputation. One reason is that Humble Administrator's Garden is a treasure in China's national cultural heritage and a masterpiece in Jiangnan classical gardens. Its layout design, architectural modeling, calligraphy and painting sculpture, gardening and other aspects are unique, and it is known as the "mother of world gardens". Another reason is that Humble Administrator's Garden provides a stage for many people who are all-powerful on the historical stage. Among them are Jiangnan writer Qian Muzhai and my concubine Liu; Wang Xinyi, an imperial consultant and assistant minister of punishments in the late Ming Dynasty; In the early Qing Dynasty, Haining was a bachelor of Hong Wen Academy, and Chen Zhilin was a minister of rites. There is the daughter and son-in-law of Wu Sangui, the king of the day; Li Xiucheng, a loyal monarch of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom; There are also Jiangsu governors Li Hongzhang and Zhang. After the Revolution of 1911, Cheng Dequan, the governor of Jiangsu Province, informed the whole province to hold a temporary parliament of Jiangsu Province in the park. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Liu Yazi, a patriotic poet, founded the Institute of Social Education in the park. According to legend, during the Kangxi period, Cao Yin, the grandfather of Cao Xueqin, the author of A Dream of Red Mansions, worked as a weaver in Suzhou. The weaving yamen was located in Fenmen, and his family lived in Humble Administrator's Garden. When Cao Yin was promoted to Jiangning Weaving, she recommended her brother-in-law Xu Li to take over, and the family lived in the park for twenty or thirty years.
Now, we can see that above the main entrance of the tall brick wall gate, there is the word "Humble Administrator's Garden", carved with bricks and gilded. The Humble Administrator's Garden was built in the fourth year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (1509). Wang (word Jingzhi,No.) returned to his hometown because of the frustration of officialdom, and built a garden, pavilions, bridges and flowing water on the site of Dahong Temple, with towering old trees. The name of the Humble Administrator's Garden is abbreviated from the sentence "This is also a strategy for a villain" in the Western Jin Dynasty. According to the information provided by Suzhou Garden Management Bureau, Wang was promoted to Imperial History in the sixth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1493), but his career was not smooth. He was twice framed by the East Factory, punished and imprisoned, demoted to Yicheng, Guangdong, and later served as the magistrate of Yongjia. After he was dismissed from office, he stayed at home, and the pain in his heart could not be expressed. He told Wen Zhiming: "Before Pan Yue's official career failed to meet the standard, he built a room to plant trees and irrigate the country's vegetables. He said, "this is also a government that serves my humble people." ..... If you only retreat from the forest of one county, you will know that there are people in the garden who are inferior to Yue in politics. " I named it "Humble Administrator's Garden" because I want to retire under the nymphs like Pan Yue and return to the countryside like Tao Yuanming. The name of the garden reflects Wang's complex mentality of helplessness and self-mockery at that time.
After passing the wall gate and waist gate of the Humble Administrator's Garden, we came to the east of the Humble Administrator's Garden. In the south of the East Garden, there is a three-room hall called "Lan Xue Hall". The word "Lan Xue" comes from Li Bai's sentence "Spring Breeze Sprinkles in Lan Xue", which symbolizes the noble sentiment that the owner is as chic as spring breeze and as clean as Lan Xue. There is a picture of Qi Diao on the screen door in the middle, which is a panoramic view of Humble Administrator's Garden. As can be seen from the picture, the Humble Administrator's Garden is divided into three parts: the eastern part, once named "Returning to the pastoral home", is mainly rural scenery; The central part, also known as "Fuyuan", is the essence of Humble Administrator's Garden. In the west, also known as the "Supplementary Garden", most of the buildings in the park are in the Qing Dynasty, and the architectural style is obviously different from that in the east and middle parts. From the picture, Humble Administrator's Garden has no obvious central axis and traditional symmetrical pattern. Most of them are tailored to local conditions, patchwork, spacious and almost natural, which is the most successful model of many garden layouts in Suzhou.
Out of the "Lan Xuetang", I saw a rockery, green bamboo bushes and towering old trees, surrounded by a huge stone peak, which stood tall like a cloud. In the west, there are two grotesque lake stones with a narrow path in the middle. The stone peak in the middle is called "compose Yunfeng", which is like a huge screen, blocking the sight of guests. This "straight to the point" gardening technique is called "blocking the scenery" and plays a fascinating role. Many people come here with a sense of deja vu. This is because many guests have seen China's masterpiece A Dream of Red Mansions, and the rockery at the entrance of the Grand View Garden described in the book is very similar to this rockery. There is a story in the 17th edition of A Dream of Red Mansions. The title of the Grand View Garden is just right, and the government has returned to the Lantern Festival: Jia Zheng and his son entered the Grand View Garden to discuss the scenery and opened the door to see a brothel in front of them. All the diners said, "Good mountain, good mountain!" Jia Zheng said, "If it weren't for this mountain, what would be more interesting if you came in to see the scenery in the garden?" ..... Looking ahead, I saw a white stone, like a ghost like a beast, standing vertically and horizontally. The moss on it is mottled, or covered with vines, and the narrow path is slightly exposed. This description, used here, is very appropriate and may be accidental coincidence. However, there are many similar situations in the two parks.