How to cultivate children's innovative ability 1, give play to children's subjective initiative, and form a "child-oriented" educational concept.
In the past, in the process of early childhood education, teachers were often the mainstay. What teachers do, what children learn and do can only make children passive. This is a traditional educational concept, which can not give full play to children's subjective initiative.
Instead, it is necessary for children to perceive, observe, operate, discover and gain experience from the surrounding world through their own activities under the guidance of teachers and develop. Therefore, in early childhood education activities, teachers should establish the concept of "children-oriented", give full play to children's subjective initiative, run "teaching" and "learning" through the whole teaching process, give full play to children's learning enthusiasm, initiative and creativity, and promote the improvement of each child's quality.
It will promote the cultivation of children's innovative thinking. No matter which link, we should give priority to cultivating children's interest and ability in science, and take cultivating children's innovative spirit and creativity as the core of science education. We must pay attention to stimulating children to like observation, thinking and hands-on, cultivate children's curiosity and imagination, actively inspire each child to carry out creative activities and induce their creative potential. Only in this way can we help cultivate children's innovative spirit and creativity.
How to give full play to children's subjective initiative? Practice can be carried out from the following aspects:
1) Guide children's curiosity correctly. Curiosity is a powerful driving force for children to actively observe and repeatedly think about problems, and it is the starting point for the success of innovative thinking.
Facing the world, every child has a strong curiosity. Maybe in their eyes, the world is so small. In our eyes, ordinary stones, bottles, waste screws, old cartons, etc. Can become the tireless "research" object of children. Seeing so many novel things, there are always many novel questions, such as "why does a stone have no eyes and nose" and "why does a stool have four legs". These problems are just the beginning of children's rich imagination, which is the curiosity that urges them to constantly imagine, observe and think. At this time, we must guide them to think more carefully, which is more powerful for improving children's innovative thinking.
How? First of all, we can guide children to get in touch with nature more, which can help children relax, better stimulate their curiosity and help them verify the answers;
Secondly, we can do more scientific experiments to help arouse children's excitement and stimulate their curiosity. Let children find answers in interesting experiments, which can stimulate their curiosity and even affect their future ambitions.
There are other ways: stimulate children's curiosity and imagination in the game; Guide children to use their own organs and enhance their sensory knowledge.
2) Improve children's observation.
Observation is the important foundation of human intelligence structure, the starting point of human thinking development, the "eye" of intelligent brain and the necessary condition for creation. So some people say, "thinking is the core, observation is the introduction." Children are lively and active, but there are few purposeful, conscious and effective observation activities.
First, we should cultivate children to observe with purpose. The clearer the purpose of observation, the more focused and meticulous the observation will be, which will be more powerful for improving children's observation ability.
Secondly, children's interest in observation can be improved by changing the environment or other activities, thus improving their initiative and enthusiasm for observation;
Thirdly, it is very effective to improve children's observation and initiative by encouraging them to ask more questions and guiding them to observe and think more.
Fourth, we can summarize some good observation methods for children to try and explore.
2. Creating a good development environment is conducive to children's innovative thinking.
Torrance said, "Society treats creative people with a very barbaric attitude. Especially when they were young, it was suggested that if we want to promote creativity, we need to provide a friendly environment so that they can flourish. "
The meaning in this passage is that a person needs a favorable condition if he wants to give full play to innovative thinking and enhance creativity, especially young children, who are in the embryonic state of innovative spirit and creativity. How to help children protect this immature innovative spirit and induce their creative potential? Years of experience in preschool education show that children need to create a colorful environment to help them develop their innovative spirit and creativity.
1) Create a psychological stress-free environment
Rogers believes that "psychological security and freedom are two main conditions to promote the development of creative ability." Let children grow up in a relaxed and free environment, and it is easy to form their innovative spirit, which is the product of a kindergarten teacher's behavior. Kindergarten teachers must be cautious when evaluating each child's behavior. A little carelessness will cause certain psychological pressure to children, so they can praise more, criticize less or not, and can't make children nervous and wary.
2) create an environment of tolerance and understanding
Most children are naughty, naughty and willful, but this kind of behavior is the behavior of children in the early stage of thinking. We should understand this behavior, that is, look at their thinking and behavior from the perspective of children. We often encounter children's innovative behavior in teaching, but this behavior is failed and sometimes absurd. But we should also be tolerant and understanding, and through our guidance, inspiration and help, let children have greater confidence to learn and explore, and finally treat children's innovative behaviors with a tolerant attitude, so that children can dare to think, speak, explore and create.
3) Create a supportive environment
Suhomlinski once brilliantly pointed out: "One of the secrets of educational skills is that children rarely hear prohibition from a good teacher, but often hear praise and encouragement. The task of educators is to find the best things in each educated person, develop them and encourage them to work independently without using the rules and regulations of the school.
"What we should do for our children is, in principle, less prohibition and more encouragement. When we meet children's innovative consciousness and behavior, we must show timely and decisive guidance and encouragement, so that children's innovative thinking can be fully exerted and this behavior can be continuously strengthened. Over time, children's innovative thinking will move towards a healthy development path.
3. Pay attention to family education.
Parents are children's first teachers and lifelong teachers, which have a special influence on their growth and development. A very important part of preschool teachers is to communicate with parents to form a joint mechanism, and they can design some games or interesting behaviors with parents. For example, if a child likes to play with water, his parents will give him a basin of water and provide some auxiliary materials accordingly.
Such as: small bottles, wooden chopsticks, sponges, small iron pieces, etc. So that the children can drink the water to their heart's content. In this process, children can not only be physically and mentally happy, but also understand the properties of water and gain relevant experience of object ups and downs. Parents must not bother to do this. Preschool teachers should communicate with parents in this respect and encourage parents to do some behaviors that are conducive to the development of children's innovative spirit. I believe that through the joint efforts of both sides, children's innovative thinking will be effectively brought into play.
Postscript: Guo Moruo, a famous contemporary writer, once pointed out: "Science needs fantasy and creation. Only fantasy can break the shackles of tradition and develop science. Through the use of a series of methods, let's explore, guide and think together, make children's growth more colorful, truly open the door to children's spiritual exploration and give full play to their innovative spirit. It turns out that the world can be better.