[Abstract] Warm-up activity is an indispensable link in physical education teaching, which can quickly concentrate students' attention, fully mobilize students' learning enthusiasm and promote students' physical and mental learning. Therefore, the author thinks that in primary school sports technology teaching, the content of preparation activities should be mainly special preparation activities, that is, the content of induction exercise, imitation exercise or auxiliary exercise can be used, the content of technical links can be similar to or the same as that of the main textbook, and some exercises or decomposition actions of the main textbook can also appear directly in the preparation part. The correct use of special preparation activities can prevent the occurrence of teaching injury accidents, which is of great significance to the completion of the teaching tasks of the main textbook and the compactness of the curriculum structure.
First, the role of special preparation activities.
Special preparation activities, like general preparation activities, not only have the functions of making physical and psychological preparations for the teaching of the main textbook, raising muscle temperature, overcoming the stickiness of muscle tissue and preventing sports injuries, but also have another function-connecting with the main textbook technology. According to the characteristics and teaching rules of sports technology in the main textbook, special preparation activities can not only mobilize students' existing sports experience and form a correct concept of action, but also transfer the newly taught sports technology in the next classroom teaching, accelerate students' mastery of sports technology in the main textbook, and thus improve classroom teaching efficiency.
Second, choose special preparation activities
1, the content of special preparation activities should be consistent with the main textbook.
Special preparation activities are the most important part in the preparation of sports technology teaching and serve the main teaching materials. Therefore, the content of special preparation activities should be consistent with the main textbook, and the muscles, joints, ligaments and technical movements in the main textbook should be adapted from the actual needs of technical teaching and connected to the main textbook. For example, before the technical teaching of throwing solid balls, we must pay attention to the full activities of ankles, knees, hips, waist, shoulders, elbows and wrists to achieve a considerable degree of adaptation. In this way, students can better understand the action essentials of each joint in turn.
2, the choice of special preparation activities should be targeted.
Special preparation activities serve the main teaching materials. The content of special preparation activities can be selected according to the technical action essentials, quality requirements, active parts and vulnerable parts in the main teaching materials.
First of all, according to the important and difficult points in the technical teaching of the main textbook, exercises or games aiming at the important and difficult points can be arranged in special lesson preparation activities, which can better connect the front and back technologies, make the whole classroom coherent, and pave the way for better completing the content of the main textbook. For example, in the teaching of standing long jump in senior one, firecrackers can be arranged in special preparation activities, so that students can get a preliminary understanding of the essentials of these actions, such as putting their feet on the ground and swinging their arms up when taking off, and at the same time stimulate their interest in learning.
Secondly, combined with the characteristics of the main textbook, we can arrange high-quality exercises in special preparation activities, which will help teachers explain and demonstrate the essentials of action and help correct mistakes. In the teaching of high jump, coordination and speed exercises should be carried out, such as running relay sideways; In the teaching of back swing of parallel bars, arm strength should be practiced, such as walking relay.
Finally, special preparation activities can increase the activity of the main active parts and weak parts according to the needs of the main teaching materials. If the content of the main textbook is relay running, then the content of special preparation activities is mainly lower limb activities and palm activities, such as kicking and passing the baton relay after standing in place; If the content of the main textbook is to scroll forward, then the content of the special preparation activities should have neck exercises, such as comparing the head to writing with a brush and drawing circles; If the content of the main textbook is long jump, then the content of special preparation activities should be more stretching activities of waist, hip, shoulder, lower limb joints and muscles.
3. The content of special preparation activities should be novel and interesting.
The nervous process of primary school students is unstable, the exciting process is strong, the inhibiting process is weak, the exciting and inhibiting processes are easy to spread in the cortex, and the intensity and concentration of nerve activity are weak, resulting in lively and active, inattentive and other phenomena. Therefore, before class, our teachers must make use of various reasonable practice methods and games according to the different characteristics of students' age, gender and training level, and adopt a variety of innovative and interesting ways and means, and at the same time, they can infiltrate the knowledge of other disciplines, so as to arouse students' enthusiasm, and students will feel interesting but not boring in their studies, laying the foundation for completing teaching tasks. For example, in the teaching of throwing light objects before the first grade, the game of writing and drawing circles with the elbow joint is arranged in the special preparation activities, which can arouse the enthusiasm of students in class, make the elbow joint and shoulder joint move separately, and pave the way for learning physiology to understand the relationship between holding light objects and writing by hand.
Three. Matters needing attention in the application of special preparation activities in skill teaching
1, pay attention to step by step.
The intensity and density, amplitude and frequency of special preparation activities and the complexity of action techniques should follow the principle of step by step. That is, from gradually increasing and improving the amount of exercise in warm-up activities, the complexity of movement techniques, the intensity and amplitude of joint activities, the load of muscle contraction and the length and speed of extension, to the level required for actual exercise, from simple to complex, from easy to difficult, from slow to fast. Remember not to be eager for quick success and instant benefit, and suddenly break the functional state of the body in a large proportion, otherwise it will be extremely harmful.
Example 1: in the fifth grade, the special preparation activities were designed as follows: first, jump on the board in place, requiring one jump and two falls, and the two arms cooperate with the take-off action to let students experience the feeling of stretching hip, knee and ankle joints. Secondly, run-up 2-4 steps, run-up 2-4 steps, run-up 2-4 steps, run-up 2-4 steps, run-up 2-4 steps, run-up 2-4 steps, run-up 2-4 steps, run-up 2-4 steps, run-up 2-4 steps, run-up 2-4 steps, and Pay attention to the coordination of upper and lower limbs when practicing. Then bend your feet and swing back, while standing with your hands pushing your legs. Finally, the springboard is very close, 6-8
Run-up, take-off and push the wall.
Example 2: In the teaching of forward roll in grade four, students who don't master the essentials of forward roll well are likely to do harm to their bodies, especially their necks. At the beginning of special preparation activities, design an exercise of drawing the Olympic rings with body parts (neck, waist, knees and ankles) to move all major joints and prevent sports injuries. Then the hedgehog was frightened and designed to hold the group to solve the problem of tight body of the main teaching material group; Finally, create a scene and design a hedgehog lying on the ground in the sun. Suddenly, when he heard the hunter's voice, he immediately embraced the hedgehog (quick response). The hunter immediately grabbed the hedgehog's foot and forced the hedgehog to roll back and forth (to solve the smooth rolling in the main textbook). Once the hedgehog doesn't hug (to solve the body tension in the main textbook), it is caught by the hunter. At the same time, the hunter swings the hedgehog greatly in the later period, so that the hedgehog in the hug can complete a roll before and after, so that students can understand the fact.
2. Time and exercise should be appropriate.
Special preparation activities serve the main teaching materials, and the length of time and amount of exercise should be appropriate. If the amount of exercise is too large and the time is too long, it will easily lead to physical exhaustion of students and physical fatigue, which will affect the teaching effect; If the amount of exercise is too small and the time is too short, it will lead to insufficient special preparation activities and even lose the significance of special preparation activities. Therefore, according to the technical characteristics of the main textbook, students' physical and mental development level, season, climate and other factors, the time and amount of exercise for special preparation activities should be arranged reasonably. Generally speaking, when going to physical education class in winter, we should choose sports with a large amount of exercise for special preparation activities, and the time can be appropriately extended, with a slightly higher intensity and density. For example, in the teaching of dribbling relay in grade three, students should be warmed up first, and they can be designed to practice catching the ball along the basketball sideline (2-3 laps); Then familiar with the ball, you can design a game of throwing the ball and high-fiving; Finally, we can consolidate the action essentials of in-situ dribbling and design the ratio of 1 minute in-situ dribbling. If you go to physical education class in summer, you can appropriately reduce the amount of exercise for special preparation activities, shorten the time and reduce energy consumption. For example, in the dribbling practice of grade two, first, design a passing relay game to familiarize students with the ball initially, then design exercises around the waist and legs of the ball to further familiarize students with the ball, and finally design hands to hold the ball up and down to preliminarily experience the essentials of hand movements when dribbling in situ. In terms of exercise intensity, the heart rate is about1/kloc-0 ~130 beats ∕min.
In a word, the special preparation activities in technical teaching class are an important part of physical education teaching. High-level and high-quality application of special preparation activities can not only prevent the occurrence of teaching injury accidents, but also make the class structure more compact and finally promote the smooth completion of teaching tasks.
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